Annotating Typed DataSets (ADO.NET)
Annotations enable you to modify the names of the elements in your typed DataSet without modifying the underlying schema. Modifying the names of the elements in your underlying schema would cause the typed DataSet to refer to objects that do not exist in the data source, as well as lose a reference to the objects that do exist in the data source.
Using annotations, you can customize the names of objects in your typed DataSet with more meaningful names, making code more readable and your typed DataSet easier for clients to use, while leaving underlying schema intact. For example, the following schema element for the Customers table of the Northwind database would result in a DataRow object name of CustomersRow and a DataRowCollec named Customers.
<xs:element name="Customers">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="CustomerID" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" />
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
A DataRowCollection name of Customers is meaningful in client code, but a DataRow name of CustomersRow is misleading because it is a single object. Also, in common scenarios, the object would be referred to without the Row identifier and instead would be simply referred to as a Customer object. The solution is to annotate the schema and identify new names for the DataRow and DataRowCollection objects. Following is the annotated version of the previous schema.
<xs:element name="Customers" codegen:typedName="Customer" codegen:typedPlural="Customers">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="CustomerID" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" />
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
Specifying a typedName value of Customer will result in a DataRow object name of Customer. Specifying a typedPlural value of Customers preserves the DataRowCollection name of Customers.
The following table shows the annotations available for use.
Annotation |
Description |
|---|---|
typedName |
Name of the object. |
typedPlural |
Name of a collection of objects. |
typedParent |
Name of the object when referred to in a parent relationship. |
typedChildren |
Name of the method to return objects from a child relationship. |
nullValue |
Value if the underlying value is DBNull. See the following table for nullValue annotations. The default is _throw. |
The following table shows the values that can be specified for the nullValue annotation.
nullValue Value |
Description |
|---|---|
Replacement Value |
Specify a value to be returned. The returned value must match the type of the element. For example, use nullValue="0" to return 0 for null integer fields. |
_throw |
Throw an exception. This is the default. |
_null |
Return a null reference or throw an exception if a primitive type is encountered. |
_empty |
For strings, return String.Empty, otherwise return an object created from an empty constructor. If a primitive type is encountered, throw an exception. |
The following table shows default values for objects in a typed DataSet and the available annotations.
Object/Method/Event |
Default |
Annotation |
|---|---|---|
DataTable |
TableNameDataTable |
typedPlural |
DataTable Methods |
NewTableNameRow AddTableNameRow DeleteTableNameRow |
typedName |
DataRowCollection |
TableName |
typedPlural |
DataRow |
TableNameRow |
typedName |
DataColumn |
DataTable.ColumnNameColumn DataRow.ColumnName |
typedName |
Property |
PropertyName |
typedName |
Child Accessor |
GetChildTableNameRows |
typedChildren |
Parent Accessor |
TableNameRow |
typedParent |
DataSet Events |
TableNameRowChangeEvent TableNameRowChangeEventHandler |
typedName |
To use typed DataSet annotations, you must include the following xmlns reference in your XML Schema definition language (XSD) schema.
xmlns:codegen="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-msprop"
The following is a sample annotated schema that exposes the Customers table of the Northwind database with a relation to the Orders table included.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xs:schema id="CustomerDataSet"
xmlns:codegen="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-msprop"
xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
xmlns:msdata="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-msdata">
<xs:element name="CustomerDataSet" msdata:IsDataSet="true">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:choice maxOccurs="unbounded">
<xs:element name="Customers" codegen:typedName="Customer"
codegen:typedPlural="Customers">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="CustomerID"
codegen:typedName="CustomerID" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" />
<xs:element name="CompanyName"
codegen:typedName="CompanyName" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" />
<xs:element name="Phone" codegen:typedName="Phone"
codegen:nullValue="" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" />
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
<xs:element name="Orders" codegen:typedName="Order"
codegen:typedPlural="Orders">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="OrderID" codegen:typedName="OrderID"
type="xs:int" minOccurs="0" />
<xs:element name="CustomerID"
codegen:typedName="CustomerID"
codegen:nullValue="" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" />
<xs:element name="EmployeeID"
codegen:typedName="EmployeeID" codegen:nullValue="0"
type="xs:int" minOccurs="0" />
<xs:element name="OrderAdapter"
codegen:typedName="OrderAdapter"
codegen:nullValue="1980-01-01T00:00:00"
type="xs:dateTime" minOccurs="0" />
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
</xs:choice>
</xs:complexType>
<xs:unique name="Constraint1">
<xs:selector xpath=".//Customers" />
<xs:field xpath="CustomerID" />
</xs:unique>
<xs:keyref name="CustOrders" refer="Constraint1"
codegen:typedParent="Customer" codegen:typedChildren="GetOrders">
<xs:selector xpath=".//Orders" />
<xs:field xpath="CustomerID" />
</xs:keyref>
</xs:element>
</xs:schema>
The following code example uses a strongly typed DataSet created from the sample schema. It uses one SqlDataAdapter to populate the Customers table and another SqlDataAdapter to populate the Orders table. The strongly typed DataSet defines the DataRelations.
' Assumes a valid SqlConnection object named connection.
Dim customerAdapter As SqlDataAdapter = New SqlDataAdapter( _
"SELECT CustomerID, CompanyName, Phone FROM Customers", &
connection)
Dim orderAdapter As SqlDataAdapter = New SqlDataAdapter( _
"SELECT OrderID, CustomerID, EmployeeID, OrderAdapter FROM Orders", &
connection)
' Populate a strongly typed DataSet.
connection.Open()
Dim customers As CustomerDataSet = New CustomerDataSet()
customerAdapter.Fill(customers, "Customers")
orderAdapter.Fill(customers, "Orders")
connection.Close()
' Add a strongly typed event.
AddHandler customers.Customers.CustomerChanged, &
New CustomerDataSet.CustomerChangeEventHandler( _
AddressOf OnCustomerChanged)
' Add a strongly typed DataRow.
Dim newCustomer As CustomerDataSet.Customer = _
customers.Customers.NewCustomeromer()
newCustomer.CustomerID = "NEW01"
newCustomer.CompanyName = "My New Company"
customers.Customers.AddCustomer(newCustomer)
' Navigate the child relation.
Dim customer As CustomerDataSet.Customer
Dim order As CustomerDataSet.Order
For Each customer In customers.Customers
Console.WriteLine(customer.CustomerID)
For Each order In customer.GetOrders()
Console.WriteLine(vbTab & order.OrderID)
Next
Next
Private Shared Sub OnCustomerChanged( _
sender As Object, e As CustomerDataSet.CustomerChangeEvent)
End Sub
// Assumes a valid SqlConnection object named connection.
SqlDataAdapter customerAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter(
"SELECT CustomerID, CompanyName, Phone FROM Customers",
connection);
SqlDataAdapter orderAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter(
"SELECT OrderID, CustomerID, EmployeeID, OrderAdapter FROM Orders",
connection);
// Populate a strongly typed DataSet.
connection.Open();
CustomerDataSet customers = new CustomerDataSet();
customerAdapter.Fill(customers, "Customers");
orderAdapter.Fill(customers, "Orders");
connection.Close();
// Add a strongly typed event.
customers.Customers.CustomerChanged += new
CustomerDataSet.CustomerChangeEventHandler(OnCustomerChanged);
// Add a strongly typed DataRow.
CustomerDataSet.Customer newCustomer =
customers.Customers.NewCustomeromer();
newCustomer.CustomerID = "NEW01";
newCustomer.CompanyName = "My New Company";
customers.Customers.AddCustomer(newCustomer);
// Navigate the child relation.
foreach(CustomerDataSet.Customer customer in customers.Customers)
{
Console.WriteLine(customer.CustomerID);
foreach(CustomerDataSet.Order order in customer.GetOrders())
Console.WriteLine("\t" + order.OrderID);
}
protected static void OnCustomerChanged(object sender, CustomerDataSet.CustomerChangeEvent e)
{
}