signal
Sets interrupt signal handling.
void (__cdecl *signal(
int sig,
void (__cdecl *func ) (int [, int ] )))
(int);
Parameters
sig
Signal value.func
Function to be executed. The first parameter is a signal value and the second parameter is a sub-code that can be used when the first parameter is SIGFPE.
Return Value
signal returns the previous value of func associated with the given signal. For example, if the previous value of func was SIG_IGN, the return value is also SIG_IGN. A return value of SIG_ERR indicates an error, in which case errno is set to EINVAL.
See _doserrno, errno, _sys_errlist, and _sys_nerr for more information on this, and other, return codes.
Remarks
The signal function allows a process to choose one of several ways to handle an interrupt signal from the operating system. The sig argument is the interrupt to which signal responds; it must be one of the following manifest constants, defined in SIGNAL.H.
sig value |
Description |
|---|---|
SIGABRT |
Abnormal termination |
SIGFPE |
Floating-point error |
SIGILL |
Illegal instruction |
SIGINT |
CTRL+C signal |
SIGSEGV |
Illegal storage access |
SIGTERM |
Termination request |
If sig is not one of the above values, the invalid parameter handler is invoked, as defined in Parameter Validation . If execution is allowed to continue, this function sets errno to EINVAL and returns SIG_ERR.
By default, signal terminates the calling program with exit code 3, regardless of the value of sig.
Note
SIGINT is not supported for any Win32 application. When a CTRL+C interrupt occurs, Win32 operating systems generate a new thread to specifically handle that interrupt. This can cause a single-thread application such as one in UNIX to become multithreaded, resulting in unexpected behavior.
The func argument is an address to a signal handler that you write, or one of the predefined constants SIG_DFL or SIG_IGN, also defined in SIGNAL.H. If func is a function, it is installed as the signal handler for the given signal. The signal handler's prototype requires one formal argument, sig, of type int. The operating system provides the actual argument through sig when an interrupt occurs; the argument is the signal that generated the interrupt. Thus you can use the six manifest constants (listed in the preceding table) inside your signal handler to determine which interrupt occurred and take appropriate action. For example, you can call signal twice to assign the same handler to two different signals, then test the sig argument inside the handler to take different actions based on the signal received.
If you are testing for floating-point exceptions (SIGFPE), func points to a function that takes an optional second argument that is one of several manifest constants defined in FLOAT.H of the form FPE_xxx. When a SIGFPE signal occurs, you can test the value of the second argument to determine the type of floating-point exception and then take appropriate action. This argument and its possible values are Microsoft extensions.
For floating-point exceptions, the value of func is not reset upon receiving the signal. To recover from floating-point exceptions, use try/except clauses surrounding the floating point operations. It is also possible to recover using setjmp with longjmp. In either case, the calling process resumes execution with the floating-point state of the process left undefined.
If the signal handler returns, the calling process resumes execution immediately following the point at which it received the interrupt signal. This is true regardless of the type of signal or operating mode.
Before the specified function is executed, the value of func is set to SIG_DFL. The next interrupt signal is treated as described for SIG_DFL, unless an intervening call to signal specifies otherwise. This feature lets you reset signals in the called function.
Because signal-handler routines are usually called asynchronously when an interrupt occurs, your signal-handler function may get control when a run-time operation is incomplete and in an unknown state. The list below summarizes restrictions that determine which functions you can use in your signal-handler routine.
Do not issue low-level or STDIO.H I/O routines (such as printf and fread).
Do not call heap routines or any routine that uses the heap routines (such as malloc, _strdup, and _putenv). See malloc for more information.
Do not use any function that generates a system call (e.g., _getcwd, time).
Do not use longjmp unless the interrupt is caused by a floating-point exception (i.e., sig is SIGFPE). In this case, first reinitialize the floating-point package with a call to _fpreset.
Do not use any overlay routines.
A program must contain floating-point code if it is to trap the SIGFPE exception with the function. If your program does not have floating-point code and requires the run-time library's signal-handling code, simply declare a volatile double and initialize it to zero:
volatile double d = 0.0f;
The SIGILL and SIGTERM signals are not generated under Windows. They are included for ANSI compatibility. Thus you can set signal handlers for these signals with signal, and you can also explicitly generate these signals by calling raise.
Signal settings are not preserved in spawned processes created by calls to _exec or _spawn functions. The signal settings are reset to the default in the new process.
Requirements
Routine |
Required header |
|---|---|
signal |
<signal.h> |
For additional compatibility information, see Compatibility in the Introduction.
Example
The following example shows the use of signal to add some custom behavior to the SIGABRT signal. For additional information on abort behavior, see _set_abort_behavior.
// crt_signal.c
// compile with: /c
// Use signal to attach a signal handler to the abort routine
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <tchar.h>
void SignalHandler(int signal)
{
printf("Application aborting...\n");
}
int main()
{
typedef void (*SignalHandlerPointer)(int);
SignalHandlerPointer previousHandler;
previousHandler = signal(SIGABRT, SignalHandler);
abort();
}
This application has requested the Runtime to terminate it in an unusual way. Please contact the application's support team for more information. Application aborting...
.NET Framework Equivalent
Not applicable. To call the standard C function, use PInvoke. For more information, see Platform Invoke Examples.