Mengakses Data FILESTREAM dengan OpenSqlFilestream
Berlaku untuk: 
SQL Server
OPENSqlFilestream API mendapatkan handel file yang kompatibel dengan Win32 untuk objek besar biner FILESTREAM (BLOB) yang disimpan dalam sistem file. Handel dapat diteruskan ke salah satu API Win32 berikut: ReadFile, WriteFile, TransmitFile, SetFilePointer, SetEndOfFile, atau FlushFileBuffers. Jika Anda meneruskan handel ini ke API Win32 lainnya, kesalahan ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED dikembalikan. Handel harus ditutup dengan meneruskannya ke API CloseHandle Win32 sebelum transaksi dilakukan atau digulung balik. Gagal menutup handel akan menyebabkan kebocoran sumber daya sisi server.
Anda harus melakukan semua akses kontainer data FILESTREAM dalam transaksi SQL Server. Pernyataan Transact-SQL juga dapat dijalankan dalam transaksi yang sama. Ini mempertahankan konsistensi antara data SQL dan data BLOB FILESTREAM.
Untuk mengakses BLOB FILESTREAM dengan menggunakan Win32, Otorisasi Windows harus diaktifkan.
Penting
Ketika file dibuka untuk akses tulis, transaksi dimiliki oleh agen FILESTREAM. Hanya I/O file Win32 yang diizinkan sampai transaksi dirilis. Untuk merilis transaksi, handel tulis harus ditutup.
Sintaks
HANDLE OpenSqlFilestream (
LPCWSTR FilestreamPath,
SQL_FILESTREAM_DESIRED_ACCESS DesiredAccess,
ULONG OpenOptions,
LPBYTE FilestreamTransactionContext,
SIZE_T FilestreamTransactionContextLength,
PLARGE_INTEGER AllocationSize);
Parameter
FilestreamPath
[di] Adalah jalur nvarchar(max) yang dikembalikan oleh fungsi PathName . PathName harus dipanggil dari konteks akun yang memiliki izin SQL Server SELECT atau UPDATE pada tabel dan kolom FILESTREAM.
DesiredAccess
[di] Mengatur mode yang digunakan untuk mengakses data BLOB FILESTREAM. Nilai ini diteruskan ke Fungsi DeviceIoControl.
| Nama | Nilai | Makna |
|---|---|---|
| SQL_FILESTREAM_READ | 0 | Data dapat dibaca dari file. |
| SQL_FILESTREAM_WRITE | 1 | Data dapat ditulis ke file. |
| SQL_FILESTREAM_READWRITE | 2 | Data dapat dibaca dan ditulis dari file. |
Catatan
Nilai-nilai ini didefinisikan dalam enumerasi SQL_FILESTREAM_DESIRED_ACCESS dalam msoledbsql.h.
OpenOptions
[di] Atribut dan bendera file. Parameter ini juga dapat mencakup kombinasi bendera berikut.
| Bendera | Nilai | Makna |
|---|---|---|
| SQL_FILESTREAM_OPEN_NONE | 0x00000000: | File sedang dibuka atau dibuat tanpa opsi khusus. |
| SQL_FILESTREAM_OPEN_FLAG_ASYNC | 0x00000001L | File sedang dibuka atau dibuat untuk I/O asinkron. |
| SQL_FILESTREAM_OPEN_FLAG_NO_BUFFERING | 0x00000002L | Sistem membuka file dengan tidak menggunakan penembolokan sistem. |
| SQL_FILESTREAM_OPEN_FLAG_NO_WRITE_THROUGH | 0x00000004L | Sistem tidak menulis melalui cache perantara. Tulis langsung masuk ke disk. |
| SQL_FILESTREAM_OPEN_FLAG_SEQUENTIAL_SCAN | 0x00000008L | File diakses secara berurutan dari awal hingga akhir. Sistem dapat menggunakan ini sebagai petunjuk untuk mengoptimalkan penembolokan file. Jika aplikasi memindahkan penunjuk file untuk akses acak, penembolokan optimal mungkin tidak terjadi. |
| SQL_FILESTREAM_OPEN_FLAG_RANDOM_ACCESS | 0x00000010L | File diakses secara acak. Sistem dapat menggunakan ini sebagai petunjuk untuk mengoptimalkan penembolokan file. |
FilestreamTransactionContext
[di] Nilai yang dikembalikan oleh fungsi GET_FILESTREAM_TRANSACTION_CONTEXT .
FilestreamTransactionContextLength
[di] Jumlah byte dalam data varbinary(max) yang dikembalikan oleh fungsi GET_FILESTREAM_TRANSACTION_CONTEXT. Fungsi mengembalikan array byte N. N ditentukan oleh fungsi dan merupakan properti dari array byte yang dikembalikan.
AlokasiUkuran
[di] Menentukan ukuran alokasi awal file data dalam byte. Ini diabaikan dalam mode baca. Parameter ini dapat berupa NULL, dalam hal ini perilaku sistem file default digunakan.
Tampilkan Nilai
Jika fungsi berhasil, nilai pengembalian adalah handel terbuka ke file tertentu. Jika fungsi gagal, nilai yang dikembalikan adalah INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE. Untuk informasi kesalahan yang diperluas, hubungi GetLastError().
Contoh
Contoh berikut menunjukkan kepada Anda cara menggunakan OpenSqlFilestream API untuk mendapatkan handel Win32.
using System.IO;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Data.SqlTypes;
namespace FILESTREAM
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
SqlConnection sqlConnection = new SqlConnection(
"Integrated Security=true;server=(local)");
SqlCommand sqlCommand = new SqlCommand();
sqlCommand.Connection = sqlConnection;
try
{
sqlConnection.Open();
//The first task is to retrieve the file path
//of the SQL FILESTREAM BLOB that we want to
//access in the application.
sqlCommand.CommandText =
"SELECT Chart.PathName()"
+ " FROM Archive.dbo.Records"
+ " WHERE SerialNumber = 3";
String filePath = null;
Object pathObj = sqlCommand.ExecuteScalar();
if (DBNull.Value != pathObj)
filePath = (string)pathObj;
else
{
throw new System.Exception(
"Chart.PathName() failed"
+ " to read the path name "
+ " for the Chart column.");
}
//The next task is to obtain a transaction
//context. All FILESTREAM BLOB operations
//occur within a transaction context to
//maintain data consistency.
//All SQL FILESTREAM BLOB access must occur in
//a transaction. MARS-enabled connections
//have specific rules for batch scoped transactions,
//which the Transact-SQL BEGIN TRANSACTION statement
//violates. To avoid this issue, client applications
//should use appropriate API facilities for transaction management,
//management, such as the SqlTransaction class.
SqlTransaction transaction = sqlConnection.BeginTransaction("mainTranaction");
sqlCommand.Transaction = transaction;
sqlCommand.CommandText =
"SELECT GET_FILESTREAM_TRANSACTION_CONTEXT()";
Object obj = sqlCommand.ExecuteScalar();
byte[] txContext = (byte[])obj;
//The next step is to obtain a handle that
//can be passed to the Win32 FILE APIs.
SqlFileStream sqlFileStream = new SqlFileStream(filePath, txContext, FileAccess.ReadWrite);
byte[] buffer = new byte[512];
int numBytes = 0;
//Write the string, "EKG data." to the FILESTREAM BLOB.
//In your application this string would be replaced with
//the binary data that you want to write.
string someData = "EKG data.";
Encoding unicode = Encoding.GetEncoding(0);
sqlFileStream.Write(unicode.GetBytes(someData.ToCharArray()),
0,
Encoding.GetBytes());
//Read the data from the FILESTREAM
//BLOB.
sqlFileStream.Seek(0L, SeekOrigin.Begin);
numBytes = sqlFileStream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
string readData = unicode.GetString(buffer);
if (numBytes != 0)
Console.WriteLine(readData);
//Because reading and writing are finished, FILESTREAM
//must be closed. This closes the c# FileStream class,
//but does not necessarily close the underlying
//FILESTREAM handle.
sqlFileStream.Close();
//The final step is to commit or roll back the read and write
//operations that were performed on the FILESTREAM BLOB.
sqlCommand.Transaction.Commit();
}
catch (System.Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString());
}
finally
{
sqlConnection.Close();
}
return;
}
}
}
Imports System.IO
Imports System
Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.Text
Imports System.Data
Imports System.Data.SqlClient
Imports System.Data.SqlTypes
Module Module1
Public Sub Main(ByVal args As String())
' Dim sqlConnection As New SqlConnection("Integrated Security=true;server=(local)")
Dim sqlConnection As New SqlConnection("Integrated Security=true;server=kellyreyue\MSSQL1")
Dim sqlCommand As New SqlCommand()
sqlCommand.Connection = sqlConnection
Try
sqlConnection.Open()
'The first task is to retrieve the file path
'of the SQL FILESTREAM BLOB that we want to
'access in the application.
sqlCommand.CommandText = "SELECT Chart.PathName()" + " FROM Archive.dbo.Records" + " WHERE SerialNumber = 3"
Dim filePath As String = Nothing
Dim pathObj As Object = sqlCommand.ExecuteScalar()
If Not pathObj.Equals(DBNull.Value) Then
filePath = DirectCast(pathObj, String)
Else
Throw New System.Exception("Chart.PathName() failed" + " to read the path name " + " for the Chart column.")
End If
'The next task is to obtain a transaction
'context. All FILESTREAM BLOB operations
'occur within a transaction context to
'maintain data consistency.
'All SQL FILESTREAM BLOB access must occur in
'a transaction. MARS-enabled connections
'have specific rules for batch scoped transactions,
'which the Transact-SQL BEGIN TRANSACTION statement
'violates. To avoid this issue, client applications
'should use appropriate API facilities for transaction management,
'management, such as the SqlTransaction class.
Dim transaction As SqlTransaction = sqlConnection.BeginTransaction("mainTranaction")
sqlCommand.Transaction = transaction
sqlCommand.CommandText = "SELECT GET_FILESTREAM_TRANSACTION_CONTEXT()"
Dim obj As Object = sqlCommand.ExecuteScalar()
Dim txContext As Byte() = Nothing
Dim contextLength As UInteger
If Not obj.Equals(DBNull.Value) Then
txContext = DirectCast(obj, Byte())
contextLength = txContext.Length()
Else
Dim message As String = "GET_FILESTREAM_TRANSACTION_CONTEXT() failed"
Throw New System.Exception(message)
End If
'The next step is to obtain a handle that
'can be passed to the Win32 FILE APIs.
Dim sqlFileStream As New SqlFileStream(filePath, txContext, FileAccess.ReadWrite)
Dim buffer As Byte() = New Byte(511) {}
Dim numBytes As Integer = 0
'Write the string, "EKG data." to the FILESTREAM BLOB.
'In your application this string would be replaced with
'the binary data that you want to write.
Dim someData As String = "EKG data."
Dim unicode As Encoding = Encoding.GetEncoding(0)
sqlFileStream.Write(unicode.GetBytes(someData.ToCharArray()), 0, Encoding.GetBytes())
'Read the data from the FILESTREAM
'BLOB.
sqlFileStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin)
numBytes = sqlFileStream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length)
Dim readData As String = unicode.GetString(buffer)
If numBytes <> 0 Then
Console.WriteLine(readData)
End If
'Because reading and writing are finished, FILESTREAM
'must be closed. This closes the c# FileStream class,
'but does not necessarily close the underlying
'FILESTREAM handle.
sqlFileStream.Close()
'The final step is to commit or roll back the read and write
'operations that were performed on the FILESTREAM BLOB.
sqlCommand.Transaction.Commit()
Catch ex As System.Exception
Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString())
Finally
sqlConnection.Close()
End Try
Return
End Sub
End Module
#include <windows.h>
#include <sql.h>
#include<sqltypes.h>
#include<sqlext.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <msodbcsql.h>
#define COPYBUFFERSIZE 4096
/// <summary>
///This class iterates though the ODBC error queue and prints all of the
///accumulated error messages to the console.
/// </summary>
class ODBCErrors
{
private:
int m_iLine; //Source code line on which the error occurred
SQLSMALLINT m_type; //Type of handle on which the error occurred
SQLHANDLE m_handle; //ODBC handle on which the error occurred
public:
/// <summary>
///Default constructor for the ODBCErrors class
///</summary>
ODBCErrors()
{
m_iLine = -1;
m_type = 0;
m_handle = SQL_NULL_HANDLE;
}
/// <summary>
///Constructor for the ODBCErrors class
/// </summary>
/// <param name="iLine">
/// This parameter is the source code line
/// at which the error occurred.
///</param>
/// <param name="type">
/// This parameter is the type of ODBC handle passed in
/// the next parameter.
///</param>
/// <param name="handle">
/// This parameter is the handle on which the error occurred.
///</param>
ODBCErrors(int iLine, SQLSMALLINT type, SQLHANDLE handle)
{
m_iLine = iLine;
m_type = type;
m_handle = handle;
}
///<summary>
/// This method iterates though the error stack for the handle passed
/// into the constructor and displays those errors on the console.
///</summary>
void Print()
{
SQLSMALLINT i = 0, len = 0;
SQLINTEGER native;
SQLTCHAR state[9], text[256];
SQLRETURN sqlReturn = SQL_SUCCESS;
if ( m_handle == SQL_NULL_HANDLE )
{
wprintf_s(TEXT("The error handle is not a valid handle.\n"), m_iLine);
return;
}
wprintf_s(TEXT("Error Line(%d)\n"), m_iLine);
while( sqlReturn == SQL_SUCCESS )
{
len = 0;
sqlReturn = SQLGetDiagRec(
m_type,
m_handle,
++i,
state,
&native,
text,
sizeof(text)/sizeof(SQLTCHAR),
&len);
if ( SQL_SUCCEEDED(sqlReturn) )
wprintf_s(TEXT("Error(%d, %ld, %s) : %s\n"), i, native, state, text);
}
}
};
BOOL CopyFileToSQL(LPTSTR srcFilePath, LPTSTR dstFilePath, LPBYTE transactionToken, SQLINTEGER cbTransactionToken)
{
BOOL bRetCode = FALSE;
HANDLE srcHandle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
HANDLE dstHandle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
BYTE buffer[COPYBUFFERSIZE] = { 0 };
TCHAR *szErrMsgSrc = TEXT("Error opening source file.");
TCHAR *szErrMsgDst = TEXT("Error opening destFile file.");
TCHAR *szErrMsgRead = TEXT("Error reading source file.");
TCHAR *szErrMsgWrite = TEXT("Error writing SQL file.");
try
{
if ( (srcHandle = CreateFile(
srcFilePath,
GENERIC_READ,
FILE_SHARE_READ,
NULL,
OPEN_EXISTING,
FILE_FLAG_SEQUENTIAL_SCAN,
NULL)) == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE )
throw szErrMsgSrc;
if ( (dstHandle = OpenSqlFilestream(
dstFilePath,
Write,
0,
transactionToken,
cbTransactionToken,
0)) == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
throw szErrMsgDst;
DWORD bytesRead = 0;
DWORD bytesWritten = 0;
do
{
if ( ReadFile(srcHandle, buffer, COPYBUFFERSIZE, &bytesRead, NULL) == 0 )
throw szErrMsgRead;
if (bytesRead > 0)
{
if ( WriteFile(dstHandle, buffer, bytesRead, &bytesWritten, NULL) == 0 )
throw szErrMsgWrite;
}
} while (bytesRead > 0);
bRetCode = TRUE;
}
catch( TCHAR *szErrMsg )
{
wprintf_s(szErrMsg);
bRetCode = FALSE;
}
if ( srcHandle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE )
CloseHandle(srcHandle);
if ( dstHandle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE )
CloseHandle(dstHandle);
return bRetCode;
}
void main()
{
TCHAR *sqlDBQuery =
TEXT("INSERT INTO Archive.dbo.Records(Id, SerialNumber, Chart)")
TEXT(" OUTPUT GET_FILESTREAM_TRANSACTION_CONTEXT(), inserted.Chart.PathName()")
TEXT("VALUES (newid (), 5, CONVERT(VARBINARY, '**Temp**'))");
SQLCHAR transactionToken[32];
SQLHANDLE henv = SQL_NULL_HANDLE;
SQLHANDLE hdbc = SQL_NULL_HANDLE;
SQLHANDLE hstmt = SQL_NULL_HANDLE;
try
{
//These statements Initialize ODBC for the client application and
//connect to the database.
if ( SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, SQL_NULL_HANDLE, &henv) != SQL_SUCCESS )
throw new ODBCErrors(__LINE__, SQL_HANDLE_ENV, henv);
if ( SQLSetEnvAttr(henv, SQL_ATTR_ODBC_VERSION,(void*)SQL_OV_ODBC3, NULL) != SQL_SUCCESS )
throw new ODBCErrors(__LINE__, SQL_HANDLE_ENV, henv);
if ( SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, henv, &hdbc) != SQL_SUCCESS )
throw new ODBCErrors(__LINE__, SQL_HANDLE_ENV, henv);
//This code assumes that the dataset name "Sql Server FILESTREAM"
//has been previously created on the client computer system. An
//ODBC DSN is created with the ODBC Data Source item in
//the Windows Control Panel.
if ( SQLConnect(hdbc, TEXT("Sql Server FILESTREAM"),
SQL_NTS, NULL, 0, NULL, 0) <= 0 )
throw new ODBCErrors(__LINE__, SQL_HANDLE_DBC, hdbc);
//FILESTREAM requires that all read and write operations occur
//within a transaction.
if ( SQLSetConnectAttr(hdbc,
SQL_ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT,
(SQLPOINTER)SQL_AUTOCOMMIT_OFF,
SQL_IS_UINTEGER) != SQL_SUCCESS )
throw new ODBCErrors(__LINE__, SQL_HANDLE_DBC, hdbc);
if ( SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_STMT, hdbc, &hstmt) != SQL_SUCCESS )
throw new ODBCErrors(__LINE__, SQL_HANDLE_DBC, hdbc);
if ( SQLExecDirect(hstmt, sqlDBQuery, SQL_NTS) != SQL_SUCCESS )
throw new ODBCErrors(__LINE__, SQL_HANDLE_STMT, hstmt);
//Retrieve the transaction token.
if ( SQLFetch(hstmt) != SQL_SUCCESS )
throw new ODBCErrors(__LINE__, SQL_HANDLE_STMT, hstmt);
SQLINTEGER cbTransactionToken = sizeof(transactionToken);
if ( SQLGetData(hstmt, 1,
SQL_C_BINARY,
transactionToken,
sizeof(transactionToken),
&cbTransactionToken) != SQL_SUCCESS )
throw new ODBCErrors(__LINE__, SQL_HANDLE_STMT, hstmt);
//Retrieve the file path for the inserted record.
TCHAR dstFilePath[1024];
SQLINTEGER cbDstFilePath;
if ( SQLGetData(hstmt, 2, SQL_C_TCHAR, dstFilePath, sizeof(dstFilePath), &cbDstFilePath) != SQL_SUCCESS )
throw new ODBCErrors(__LINE__, SQL_HANDLE_STMT, hstmt);
if ( SQLCloseCursor(hstmt) != SQL_SUCCESS )
throw new ODBCErrors(__LINE__, SQL_HANDLE_STMT, hstmt);
SQLUSMALLINT mode = SQL_ROLLBACK;
if ( CopyFileToSQL(
TEXT("C:\\Users\\Data\\chart1.jpg"),
dstFilePath,
transactionToken,
cbTransactionToken) == TRUE )
mode = SQL_COMMIT;
SQLTransact(henv, hdbc, mode);
}
catch(ODBCErrors *pErrors)
{
pErrors->Print();
delete pErrors;
}
if ( hstmt != SQL_NULL_HANDLE )
SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_STMT, hstmt);
if ( hdbc != SQL_NULL_HANDLE )
SQLDisconnect(hdbc);
if ( hdbc != SQL_NULL_HANDLE )
SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, hdbc);
if ( henv != SQL_NULL_HANDLE )
SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, henv);
}
Keterangan
Sampel ini awalnya ditulis untuk SQL Server Native Client (sqlncli.h) tetapi telah diperbarui untuk menggunakan Driver Microsoft OLE DB (msoledbsql.h) untuk SQL Server. SQL Server Native Client (sering disingkat SNAC) telah dihapus dari SQL Server 2022 (16.x) dan SQL Server Management Studio 19 (SSMS). Penyedia SQL Server Native Client OLE DB (SQLNCLI atau SQLNCLI11) dan Penyedia Microsoft OLE DB warisan untuk SQL Server (SQLOLEDB) tidak direkomendasikan untuk pengembangan baru. Beralih ke Microsoft OLE DB Driver (MSOLEDBSQL) baru untuk SQL Server ke depannya.
Lihat Juga
Data Objek Besar Biner (Blob) (SQL Server)
Membuat Pembaruan Parsial untuk Data FILESTREAM
Hindari Konflik dengan Operasi Database di Aplikasi FILESTREAM