Ambil Kolom Menggunakan IRow::GetColumns (atau IRow::Open) dan ISequentialStream
Berlaku untuk: 
SQL Server Azure SQL Database Azure SQL Managed Instance Azure Synapse Analytics Analytics Platform System (PDW)
Data besar dapat diikat atau diambil menggunakan antarmuka ISequentialStream . Untuk kolom terikat, bendera status DBSTATUS_S_TRUNCATED menunjukkan bahwa data dipotong.
Penting
Jika memungkinkan, gunakan Autentikasi Windows. Jika Autentikasi Windows tidak tersedia, minta pengguna untuk memasukkan kredensial mereka pada waktu proses. Hindari menyimpan kredensial dalam file. Jika Anda harus mempertahankan kredensial, Anda harus mengenkripsinya dengan API kripto Win32.
Untuk mengambil kolom menggunakan IRow::GetColumns (atau IRow::Open) dan ISequentialStream
Buat koneksi ke sumber data.
Jalankan perintah (dalam contoh ini, ICommandExecute::Execute() dipanggil dengan IID_IRow).
Ambil data kolom menggunakan IRow::Open() atau IRow::GetColumns().
IRow::Open() dapat digunakan untuk membuka ISequentialStream pada baris. Tentukan DBGUID_STREAM untuk menunjukkan bahwa kolom berisi aliran data biner (IStream atau ISequentialStream kemudian dapat digunakan untuk membaca data dari kolom).
Jika IRow::GetColumns() digunakan, elemen pData struktur DBCOLUMNACCESS diatur untuk menunjuk ke objek stream.
Gunakan ISequentialStream::Read() berulang kali untuk membaca jumlah byte yang ditentukan ke dalam buffer konsumen.
Contoh
Contoh ini menunjukkan cara mengambil satu baris menggunakan IRow. Dalam contoh ini, satu kolom pada satu waktu diambil dari baris. Contoh ini mengilustrasikan penggunaan IRow::Open() serta IRow::GetColumns(). Untuk membaca data kolom, contohnya menggunakan ISequentialStream::Read.
Sampel kode Transact-SQL dalam artikel ini menggunakan AdventureWorks2022 database sampel atau AdventureWorksDW2022 , yang dapat Anda unduh dari halaman beranda Sampel Microsoft SQL Server dan Proyek Komunitas.
Daftar kode (Transact-SQL) pertama membuat tabel yang digunakan oleh sampel.
Kompilasi dengan ole32.lib oleaut32.lib dan jalankan daftar kode kedua (C++). Aplikasi ini tersambung ke instans SQL Server default komputer Anda. Pada beberapa sistem operasi Windows, Anda harus mengubah (localhost) atau (lokal) ke nama instans SQL Server Anda. Untuk menyambungkan ke instans bernama, ubah string koneksi dari L"(local)" ke L"(local)\\name" , di mana nama adalah instans bernama. Secara default, SQL Server Express menginstal ke instans bernama. Pastikan variabel lingkungan INCLUDE Anda menyertakan direktori yang berisi sqlncli.h.
Daftar kode ketiga (Transact-SQL) menghapus tabel yang digunakan oleh sampel.
USE AdventureWorks2022;
GO
IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sysobjects WHERE name = 'MyTable')
DROP TABLE MyTable
GO
CREATE TABLE MyTable
(
col1 int,
col2 varchar(50),
col3 char(50),
col4 datetime,
col5 float,
col6 money,
col7 sql_variant,
col8 binary(50),
col9 text,
col10 image
)
GO
-- Enter data
INSERT INTO MyTable
values
(
10,
'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz',
'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ',
'11/1/1999 11:52 AM',
3.14,
99.95,
CONVERT(nchar(50), N'AbCdEfGhIjKlMnOpQrStUvWxYz'),
0x123456789,
REPLICATE('AAAAABBBBB', 500),
REPLICATE(0x123456789, 500)
)
GO
// compile with: ole32.lib oleaut32.lib
#define DBINITCONSTANTS
#define INITGUID
#define OLEDBVER 0x0250 // to include correct interfaces
#include <stdio.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <oledb.h>
#include <sqlncli.h>
using namespace std;
const int kMaxBuff = 50;
int InitializeAndEstablishConnection();
HRESULT GetColumnSize(IRow* pUnkRow, ULONG iCol);
ULONG PrintData(ULONG iCols, ULONG iStart, DBCOLUMNINFO* prgInfo, DBCOLUMNACCESS* prgColumns);
HRESULT GetColumns(IRow* pUnkRow, ULONG iStart, ULONG iEnd);
HRESULT GetSequentialColumn(IRow* pUnkRow, ULONG iCol, BOOL fOpen = TRUE);
IDBInitialize* pIDBInitialize = NULL;
IDBProperties* pIDBProperties = NULL;
IDBCreateSession* pIDBCreateSession = NULL;
IDBCreateCommand* pIDBCreateCommand = NULL;
ICommandText* pICommandText = NULL;
IRow* pIRow = NULL;
DBCOLUMNINFO* pDBColumnInfo = NULL;
IAccessor* pIAccessor = NULL;
DBPROP InitProperties[4];
DBPROPSET rgInitPropSet[1];
ULONG i, j;
HRESULT hresult;
DBROWCOUNT cNumRows = 0;
ULONG lNumCols;
WCHAR* pStringsBuffer;
DBBINDING* pBindings;
ULONG ConsumerBufColOffset = 0;
HACCESSOR hAccessor;
ULONG lNumRowsRetrieved;
HROW hRows[10];
HROW* pRows = &hRows[0];
int main() {
ULONG iidx = 0;
WCHAR* wCmdString = OLESTR("SELECT * FROM MyTable ");
// Call a function to initialize and establish connection.
if (InitializeAndEstablishConnection() == -1) {
cout << "Failed to initialize and establish connection.\n";
// Insert your code for cleanup and error handling
return -1;
}
// Create a session object.
if (FAILED(pIDBInitialize->QueryInterface( IID_IDBCreateSession, (void**) &pIDBCreateSession))) {
cout << "Failed to obtain IDBCreateSession interface.\n";
// Insert your code for cleanup and error handling
return -1;
}
if (FAILED(pIDBCreateSession->CreateSession( NULL,
IID_IDBCreateCommand,
(IUnknown**) &pIDBCreateCommand))) {
cout << "pIDBCreateSession->CreateSession failed.\n";
// Insert your code for cleanup and error handling
return -1;
}
// Access the ICommandText interface.
if (FAILED(pIDBCreateCommand->CreateCommand( NULL, IID_ICommandText, (IUnknown**) &pICommandText))) {
cout << "Failed to access ICommand interface.\n";
// Insert your code for cleanup and error handling
return -1;
}
// Use SetCommandText() to specify the command text.
if (FAILED(pICommandText->SetCommandText(DBGUID_DBSQL, wCmdString))) {
cout << "Failed to set command text.\n";
// Insert your code for cleanup and error handling
return -1;
}
// Execute the command.
if (FAILED(hresult = pICommandText->Execute( NULL, IID_IRow, NULL, &cNumRows, (IUnknown **) &pIRow))) {
cout << "Failed to execute command.\n";
// Insert your code for cleanup and error handling
return -1;
}
DBORDINAL cColumns = 0;
DBCOLUMNINFO* prgInfo = 0;
OLECHAR* pColNames;
// Get column count
HRESULT hr;
IColumnsInfo* pIColumnsInfo;
hr = pIRow->QueryInterface(IID_IColumnsInfo, (void**) &pIColumnsInfo);
if (FAILED(hr))
goto CLEANUP;
hr = pIColumnsInfo->GetColumnInfo(&cColumns, &prgInfo, &pColNames);
if (FAILED(hr))
goto CLEANUP;
// Get columns (one at a time) using ISequentialStream and Open
// 3rd parameter is by default TRUE indicating use of ISequentialStream and Open.
DBCOLUMNINFO* colInfo;
for ( iidx = 1 ; iidx <= cColumns ; iidx++ ) {
colInfo = (DBCOLUMNINFO*)(prgInfo + (iidx - 1));
if (colInfo->dwFlags & DBCOLUMNFLAGS_ISLONG)
hresult = GetSequentialColumn(pIRow, iidx);
else
hresult = GetColumns(pIRow, iidx, iidx);
}
// Release the Row object.
pIRow->Release();
// Execute the command again.
if (FAILED(hresult = pICommandText->Execute(NULL,
IID_IRow,
NULL,
&cNumRows,
(IUnknown **) &pIRow))) {
cout << "Failed to execute command.\n";
// Insert your code for cleanup and error handling
return -1;
}
// Now get columns (one at a time) using ISequentialStream and GetColumns.
// The 3rd parameter is by default TRUE indicating use of ISequentialStream
// and GetColumns
for ( iidx = 1 ; iidx <= cColumns ; iidx++ ) {
colInfo = (DBCOLUMNINFO*)(prgInfo + (iidx - 1));
if (colInfo->dwFlags & DBCOLUMNFLAGS_ISLONG)
hresult = GetSequentialColumn(pIRow, iidx, FALSE);
else
hresult = GetColumns(pIRow, iidx, iidx);
}
CLEANUP:
// Release memory.
pICommandText->Release();
pIDBCreateCommand->Release();
pIDBCreateSession->Release();
if (FAILED(pIDBInitialize->Uninitialize())) {
// Uninitialize not required, but it fails if an interface has not been released, can be used for debugging.
// cout << "Problem uninitializing.\n";
}
pIDBInitialize->Release();
CoTaskMemFree(prgInfo);
CoTaskMemFree(pColNames);
if( pIColumnsInfo )
pIColumnsInfo->Release();
// Release the COM library.
CoUninitialize();
}
HRESULT GetSequentialColumn(IRow* pUnkRow, ULONG iCol, BOOL fOpen) {
HRESULT hr = NOERROR;
ULONG cbRead = 0;
ULONG cbTotal = 0;
DBORDINAL cColumns = 0;
ULONG cReads = 0;
ISequentialStream* pIStream = NULL;
WCHAR* pBuffer[kMaxBuff]; // 50 chars read by ISequentialStream::Read()
DBCOLUMNINFO* prgInfo = 0;
OLECHAR* pColNames = 0;
IColumnsInfo* pIColumnsInfo;
DBID columnid;
DBCOLUMNACCESS column;
wprintf(L"[RETRIEVING COLUMN %d SEQUENTIALLY]\n", iCol);
// Get column information (basically get column id).
hr = pUnkRow->QueryInterface(IID_IColumnsInfo, (void**) &pIColumnsInfo);
if (FAILED(hr))
goto CLEANUP;
hr = pIColumnsInfo->GetColumnInfo(&cColumns, &prgInfo, &pColNames);
if (FAILED(hr))
goto CLEANUP;
// Get Column ID.
columnid = (prgInfo + (iCol - 1))->columnid;
if (fOpen) { // Get columns using ISequentialStream and IRow::Open
wprintf(L"[RETRIEVING COLUMNS USING ");
wprintf(L" ISequentialSteam and Open]\n");
// Open sequential stream.
hr = pUnkRow->Open(NULL,
&columnid,
DBGUID_STREAM,
0,
IID_ISequentialStream,
(LPUNKNOWN *)&pIStream);
if (FAILED(hr)) {
wprintf(L"Unable to get ISequentialStream interface.\n");
goto CLEANUP;
}
}
else { // Get Columns using IRow::GetColumns and ISequentialStream.
wprintf(L"[RETRIEVING COLUMNS USING ");
wprintf(L" GetColumns and ISequentialStream]\n");
IUnknown* pUnkStream = NULL;
ZeroMemory(&column, sizeof(column));
column.columnid = prgInfo[iCol - 1].columnid;
column.wType = DBTYPE_IUNKNOWN;
column.pData = (LPVOID*) &pUnkStream;
hr = pUnkRow->GetColumns(1, &column);
if (FAILED(hr)) {
wprintf(L"Error executing IRow::GetColumns.\n");
goto CLEANUP;
}
hr = pUnkStream->QueryInterface(IID_ISequentialStream, (LPVOID*) &pIStream);
if (FAILED(hr)) {
wprintf(L"Unable to get ISequentialStream interface ");
wprintf(L"via IRow::GetColumns.\n");
goto CLEANUP;
}
pUnkStream->Release();
}
ZeroMemory(pBuffer, kMaxBuff * sizeof(WCHAR));
// Read 50 chars at a time until no more data.
do {
hr = pIStream->Read(pBuffer, kMaxBuff, &cbRead);
if (FAILED(hr)) {
wprintf(L"Error reading data.\n");
goto CLEANUP;
}
cbTotal = cbTotal + cbRead;
// Print the data
wprintf(L"READ #%d: %-*S\n", ++cReads, kMaxBuff, pBuffer);
} while(cbRead > 0);
wprintf(L"[READ %d bytes for column %d.\n", cbTotal, iCol);
CLEANUP:
if (pIColumnsInfo)
pIColumnsInfo->Release();
CoTaskMemFree(prgInfo);
CoTaskMemFree(pColNames);
if (pIStream)
pIStream->Release();
return hr;
}
BOOL InitColumn(DBCOLUMNACCESS* pCol, DBCOLUMNINFO* pInfo) {
// If maximum possible length of a value column is very large (text or image
// column is read) limit that size to 512 bytes (for illustration purposes).
ULONG ulSize;
if (pInfo->wType == DBTYPE_WSTR || pInfo->wType == DBTYPE_STR)
ulSize = (pInfo->ulColumnSize < 0x7fffffff) ? pInfo->ulColumnSize : 512;
else
ulSize = 128; //default buffer to handle conversion to text of non-string data types
// Verify data buffer is large enough.
if (pCol->cbMaxLen < (ulSize + 1)) {
if (pCol->pData) {
delete [] pCol->pData;
pCol->pData = NULL;
}
// Allocate data buffer
void * p = pCol->pData = new WCHAR[ulSize + 1];
if (!(p /*pCol->pData = new WCHAR[ulSize + 1]*/ ))
return FALSE;
// set the max length of caller-initialized memory.
pCol->cbMaxLen = sizeof(WCHAR) * (ulSize + 1);
// In the above 2 steps, pData is pointing to memory (it is not NULL) and
// cbMaxLen has a value (not 0), so next call to IRow->GetData()
// will read the data from the column.
}
// Clear memory buffer
ZeroMemory((void*) pCol->pData, pCol->cbMaxLen);
// Set properties.
//pCol->wType = DBTYPE_WSTR;
pCol->wType = DBTYPE_WSTR;
pCol->columnid = pInfo->columnid;
pCol->cbDataLen = 0;
pCol->dwStatus = 0;
pCol->dwReserved = 0;
pCol->bPrecision = 0;
pCol->bScale = 0;
return TRUE;
}
HRESULT GetColumns(IRow* pUnkRow, ULONG iStart, ULONG iEnd) {
// Start and end are same. Thus, get only one column.
HRESULT hr = E_FAIL;
ULONG iidx; // loop counter
DBORDINAL cColumns; // Count of columns
ULONG cUserCols; // Count of user columns
DBCOLUMNINFO* prgInfo; // Column of info. array
OLECHAR* pColNames; // Array of column names
DBCOLUMNACCESS* prgColumns; // Ptr to column access structures array
DBCOLUMNINFO* pCurrInfo;
DBCOLUMNACCESS* pCurrCol;
IColumnsInfo* pIColumnsInfo = NULL;
// Initialize
cColumns = 0;
prgInfo = NULL;
pColNames = NULL;
prgColumns = NULL;
printf("Retrieving data with GetColumns\n");
// Get column info to build column access array
hr = pUnkRow->QueryInterface(IID_IColumnsInfo, (void**)&pIColumnsInfo);
if (FAILED(hr))
goto CLEANUP;
hr = pIColumnsInfo->GetColumnInfo(&cColumns, &prgInfo, &pColNames);
if (FAILED(hr))
goto CLEANUP;
// Determine no. of columns to retrieve. Since iEnd and iStart is same,
// this is redundent step. cUserCols will always be 1.
cUserCols = iEnd - iStart + 1;
// Walk list of columns and setup a DBCOLUMNACCESS structure
DBCOLUMNACCESS * x = (prgColumns = new DBCOLUMNACCESS[cUserCols]);
if (!(x /*prgColumns = new DBCOLUMNACCESS[cUserCols]*/ )) { // cUserCols is only 1
hr = E_FAIL;
goto CLEANUP;
}
ZeroMemory((void*) prgColumns, sizeof(DBCOLUMNACCESS) * cUserCols);
for ( iidx = 0 ; iidx < cUserCols ; iidx++ ) {
pCurrInfo = prgInfo + iidx + iStart - 1;
pCurrCol = prgColumns + iidx;
// Here the values of pData and cbMaxLen elements of DBCOLUMNACCESS
// elements is set. Thus IRow->GetColumns() will return actual data.
if ( InitColumn(pCurrCol, pCurrInfo) == FALSE )
goto CLEANUP;
}
hr = pUnkRow->GetColumns(cUserCols, prgColumns); // cUserCols = 1
if (FAILED(hr))
printf("Error occurred\n");
// Show data.
PrintData(cUserCols, iStart, prgInfo, prgColumns);
CLEANUP:
if (pIColumnsInfo)
pIColumnsInfo->Release();
if (prgColumns)
delete [] prgColumns;
return hr;
}
// This function returns the actual width of the data in the column (not the
// columnwidth in DBCOLUMNFO structure which is the width of the column)
HRESULT GetColumnSize(IRow* pUnkRow, ULONG iCol) {
HRESULT hr = NOERROR;
DBORDINAL cColumns = 0; // Count the columns
DBCOLUMNINFO* prgInfo; // Column info array
OLECHAR* pColNames;
DBCOLUMNACCESS column;
DBCOLUMNINFO* pCurrInfo;
IColumnsInfo* pIColumnsInfo = NULL;
// Initialize
prgInfo = NULL;
pColNames = NULL;
printf("Checking column size\n");
// Get column info to build column access array
hr = pUnkRow->QueryInterface(IID_IColumnsInfo, (void**) &pIColumnsInfo);
if (FAILED(hr))
goto CLEANUP;
hr = pIColumnsInfo->GetColumnInfo(&cColumns, &prgInfo, &pColNames);
if (FAILED(hr))
goto CLEANUP;
printf("Value of cColumns is %d\n", cColumns);
// Setup a DBCOLUMNACCESS structure: pData is set to NULL and cbMaxLen is set
// to 0. Thus IRow->GetColumns() returns only the actual column length in
// cbDataLen member of DBCOLUMNACCESS structure.In this case you can call
// IRow->GetColumns() again for the same column to retrieve actual data in the second call.
ZeroMemory((void*) &column, sizeof(DBCOLUMNACCESS));
column.pData = NULL;
pCurrInfo = prgInfo + iCol - 1;
// Get column id in DBCOLUMNACCESS structure. It is then used in GetColumn().
column.columnid = pCurrInfo->columnid;
printf("column.columnid value is %d\n", column.columnid);
// We know which column to get. The column.columnid gives the column number.
hr = pUnkRow->GetColumns(1, &column);
if (FAILED(hr))
printf("Errors occurred\n");
// Show data
PrintData(1, iCol, prgInfo, &column);
CLEANUP:
if (pIColumnsInfo)
pIColumnsInfo->Release();
return hr;
}
BOOL GetStatus(DWORD dwStatus, WCHAR* pwszStatus) {
switch (dwStatus) {
case DBSTATUS_S_OK:
wcscpy_s(pwszStatus, 255, L"DBSTATUS_S_OK");
break;
case DBSTATUS_E_CANTCONVERTVALUE:
wcscpy_s(pwszStatus, 255, L"DBSTATUS_E_CANTCONVERTVALUE");
break;
case DBSTATUS_S_ISNULL:
wcscpy_s(pwszStatus, 255, L"DBSTATUS_S_ISNULL");
break;
case DBSTATUS_E_UNAVAILABLE:
wcscpy_s(pwszStatus, 255, L"DBSTATUS_E_UNAVAILABLE");
break;
case DBSTATUS_S_TRUNCATED:
wcscpy_s(pwszStatus, 255, L"DBSTATUS_S_TRUNCATED");
break;
default:
swprintf_s(pwszStatus, sizeof(pwszStatus), L"OTHER STATUS VALUE: %d", dwStatus);
}
return TRUE;
}
ULONG PrintData(ULONG iCols,
ULONG iStart,
DBCOLUMNINFO* prgInfo,
DBCOLUMNACCESS* prgColumns) {
WCHAR wszStatus[255];
DBCOLUMNINFO* pCurrInfo;
DBCOLUMNACCESS* pCurrCol;
ULONG iidx = 0; // Loop counter
printf("%-3s %-20s %-21s %-9s %-9s %-50s\n", "No.", "Name", "Status", "Length", "Max", "Data");
for ( iidx = 0 ; iidx < iCols ; iidx++ ) {
pCurrInfo = prgInfo + iidx + iStart - 1;
pCurrCol = prgColumns + iidx;
GetStatus(pCurrCol->dwStatus, wszStatus);
// was the data successfully retrieved?
wprintf(L"%-3d %-20s %-21s %-9d %-9d %-50s\n", iStart + iidx,
pCurrInfo->pwszName,
wszStatus,
pCurrCol->cbDataLen,
pCurrCol->cbMaxLen,
pCurrCol->dwStatus == DBSTATUS_S_ISNULL ? L"(NULL)" : (WCHAR*) pCurrCol->pData);
}
wprintf(L"\n");
return iidx;
}
int InitializeAndEstablishConnection() {
// Initialize the COM library.
CoInitialize(NULL);
// Obtain access to the SQLNCLI provider.
hresult = CoCreateInstance(CLSID_SQLNCLI11,
NULL,
CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
IID_IDBInitialize,
(void **) &pIDBInitialize);
if(FAILED(hresult)) {
printf("Failed to get IDBInitialize interface.\n");
// Insert your code for cleanup and error handling
return -1;
}
// Initialize the property values needed to establish the connection.
for (i = 0 ; i < 4 ; i++ )
VariantInit(&InitProperties[i].vValue);
// Server name.
InitProperties[0].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_INIT_DATASOURCE;
InitProperties[0].vValue.vt = VT_BSTR;
InitProperties[0].vValue.bstrVal = SysAllocString(L"(local)");
InitProperties[0].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;
InitProperties[0].colid = DB_NULLID;
// Database.
InitProperties[1].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_INIT_CATALOG;
InitProperties[1].vValue.vt = VT_BSTR;
InitProperties[1].vValue.bstrVal= SysAllocString(L"AdventureWorks");
InitProperties[1].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;
InitProperties[1].colid = DB_NULLID;
// connection
InitProperties[2].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_AUTH_INTEGRATED;
InitProperties[2].vValue.vt = VT_BSTR;
InitProperties[2].vValue.bstrVal= SysAllocString(L"SSPI");
InitProperties[2].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;
InitProperties[2].colid = DB_NULLID;
// Now that the properties are set, construct the DBPROPSET structure
// (rgInitPropSet). The DBPROPSET structure is used to pass an array
// of DBPROP structures (InitProperties) to the SetProperties method.
rgInitPropSet[0].guidPropertySet = DBPROPSET_DBINIT;
rgInitPropSet[0].cProperties = 4;
rgInitPropSet[0].rgProperties = InitProperties;
// Set initialization properties.
hresult = pIDBInitialize->QueryInterface(IID_IDBProperties, (void **)&pIDBProperties);
if (FAILED(hresult)) {
cout << "Failed to get IDBProperties interface.\n";
// Insert your code for cleanup and error handling
return -1;
}
hresult = pIDBProperties->SetProperties(1, rgInitPropSet);
if (FAILED(hresult)) {
cout << "Failed to set initialization properties.\n";
// Insert your code for cleanup and error handling
return -1;
}
pIDBProperties->Release();
// Now establish the connection to the data source.
if (FAILED(pIDBInitialize->Initialize())) {
cout << "Problem establishing connection to the data source.\n";
// Insert your code for cleanup and error handling
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
USE AdventureWorks2022;
GO
IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sysobjects WHERE name = 'MyTable')
DROP TABLE MyTable
GO