Membuat Skrip Azure CLI untuk Bash

Selesai

Hampir setiap tugas yang dapat Anda selesaikan di portal Microsoft Azure, Anda dapat menyelesaikan menggunakan perintah referensi Azure CLI . Menggunakan portal Microsoft Azure untuk mempelajari tentang Azure adalah tempat yang bagus untuk memulai. Namun, sebaiknya gunakan Azure CLI atau Azure PowerShell untuk mengelola sumber daya Azure dalam skala besar.

Pertimbangkan skenario di mana Anda mengelola Azure untuk perusahaan di seluruh dunia. Anda menerima beberapa permintaan setiap hari untuk grup sumber daya baru, Azure Logic Apps, akun penyimpanan, alur Azure Data Factory, dan database Azure SQL. Semua tim Anda bekerja dalam lingkungan pengembangan, penahapan, dan produksi. Untuk setiap permintaan, Anda perlu membuat tiga sumber daya Azure serupa yang mengikuti standar penamaan dan kebijakan keamanan perusahaan Anda. Saatnya menggunakan pembuatan skrip Azure CLI !

Memahami skrip Azure CLI

Skrip Azure CLI memungkinkan otomatisasi tugas berulang dan penyebaran infrastruktur dalam skala besar. Skrip memberikan konsistensi, mengurangi kesalahan manusia, dan mengaktifkan praktik Infrastruktur sebagai Kode (IaC). Baik mengelola lingkungan pengembangan, penahapan, atau produksi, pembuatan skrip Azure CLI menyederhanakan provisi dan manajemen sumber daya.

Dasar-dasar struktur skrip

Skrip Azure CLI yang terstruktur dengan baik biasanya mencakup:

• Shebang (#!/bin/bash atau #!/usr/bin/env bash): Menentukan interpreter untuk menjalankan skrip.
• Variabel: Simpan nilai yang dapat digunakan kembali seperti nama sumber daya, lokasi, dan konfigurasi SKU.
• Komentar: Logika dan parameter skrip dokumen untuk pemeliharaan.
• Penanganan kesalahan: Terapkan pemeriksaan untuk menangani kegagalan dengan anggun.
• Perulangan dan kondisi: Buat beberapa sumber daya atau terapkan logika berdasarkan kondisi.
• Pemformatan output: Tampilkan hasil dalam format yang dapat dibaca untuk validasi.

Membuat skrip penyebaran sumber daya

Mari kita periksa skrip Bash praktis yang membuat beberapa akun penyimpanan Azure secara konsisten dan berulang.

#!/bin/bash

# Script: Create multiple Azure storage accounts
# Description: Automates storage account creation with consistent naming and configuration

# Define deployment parameters
resourceGroupName="rg-storage-prod-eastus"
saCount=3
saLocation="eastus"
saNamePrefix="stprod"
saSku="Standard_GRS"
saKind="StorageV2"

# Validate Azure CLI is installed and authenticated
if ! command -v az &> /dev/null; then
    echo "Error: Azure CLI is not installed. Please install Azure CLI first."
    exit 1
fi

if ! az account show &> /dev/null; then
    echo "Error: Not authenticated to Azure. Please run 'az login' first."
    exit 1
fi

echo "Starting storage account deployment..."
echo "Resource Group: $resourceGroupName"
echo "Location: $saLocation"
echo "Count: $saCount"
echo ""

# Create resource group if it doesn't exist
if ! az group show --name $resourceGroupName &> /dev/null; then
    echo "Creating resource group $resourceGroupName..."
    az group create --name $resourceGroupName --location $saLocation
else
    echo "Resource group $resourceGroupName already exists."
fi

# Loop to create multiple storage accounts
for i in $(seq 1 $saCount)
do
    # Generate unique identifier using timestamp and random number
    timestamp=$(date +%s)
    let "randomIdentifier=$RANDOM"
    saName="${saNamePrefix}${timestamp}${randomIdentifier}"

    # Ensure name is lowercase and within 24 character limit
    saName=$(echo $saName | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]' | cut -c1-24)

    echo "Creating storage account $saName..."

    # Create storage account with error handling
    if az storage account create \
        --name $saName \
        --resource-group $resourceGroupName \
        --location $saLocation \
        --sku $saSku \
        --kind $saKind \
        --tags Environment=Production ManagedBy=AzureCLI \
        --output none; then
        echo "✓ Successfully created storage account $saName"
    else
        echo "✗ Failed to create storage account $saName"
    fi
done

echo ""
echo "Deployment complete. Verifying results..."
echo ""

# Verify results with formatted output
az storage account list \
    --resource-group $resourceGroupName \
    --query "[].{Name:name, Location:location, SKU:sku.name, Status:statusOfPrimary}" \
    --output table

Perincian skrip

Mari kita periksa komponen utama:

Validasi autentikasi:

if ! az account show &> /dev/null; then
    echo "Error: Not authenticated to Azure. Please run 'az login' first."
    exit 1
fi

Memastikan pengguna diautentikasi sebelum menjalankan operasi sumber daya, mencegah kegagalan skrip.

Pembuatan grup sumber daya dengan pemeriksaan keberadaan:

if ! az group show --name $resourceGroupName &> /dev/null; then
    az group create --name $resourceGroupName --location $saLocation
fi

Grup sumber daya dibuat hanya jika belum ada sebelumnya, membuat skrip idempoten.

Pembuatan nama unik:

timestamp=$(date +%s)
let "randomIdentifier=$RANDOM"
saName="${saNamePrefix}${timestamp}${randomIdentifier}"
saName=$(echo $saName | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]' | cut -c1-24)

Menggabungkan tanda waktu dan angka acak untuk menghasilkan nama akun penyimpanan unik, mengonversi ke huruf kecil dan membatasi hingga 24 karakter per persyaratan penamaan Azure.

Penanganan kesalahan:

if az storage account create ...; then
    echo "✓ Successfully created storage account $saName"
else
    echo "✗ Failed to create storage account $saName"
fi

Memvalidasi setiap pembuatan akun penyimpanan dan memberikan umpan balik keberhasilan/kegagalan yang jelas.

Membuat skrip berparameter

Skrip produksi harus menerima parameter untuk fleksibilitas di seluruh lingkungan:

#!/bin/bash

# Script: create-storage-accounts.sh
# Usage: ./create-storage-accounts.sh <resource-group> <location> <count> <environment>

# Accept command-line parameters
resourceGroupName=$1
saLocation=$2
saCount=$3
environment=$4

# Validate parameters
if [ -z "$resourceGroupName" ] || [ -z "$saLocation" ] || [ -z "$saCount" ] || [ -z "$environment" ]; then
    echo "Usage: $0 <resource-group> <location> <count> <environment>"
    echo "Example: $0 rg-storage-dev eastus 3 Development"
    exit 1
fi

# Validate count is a number
if ! [[ "$saCount" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then
    echo "Error: Count must be a number"
    exit 1
fi

echo "Parameters received:"
echo "  Resource Group: $resourceGroupName"
echo "  Location: $saLocation"
echo "  Count: $saCount"
echo "  Environment: $environment"
echo ""

# Set environment-specific configurations
case $environment in
    Development)
        saSku="Standard_LRS"
        saKind="StorageV2"
        ;;
    Staging)
        saSku="Standard_GRS"
        saKind="StorageV2"
        ;;
    Production)
        saSku="Standard_RAGRS"
        saKind="StorageV2"
        ;;
    *)
        echo "Error: Environment must be Development, Staging, or Production"
        exit 1
        ;;
esac

echo "Using SKU: $saSku for $environment environment"
echo ""

# Continue with resource creation...

Jalankan skrip berparameter

# Make script executable
chmod +x create-storage-accounts.sh

# Execute with parameters
./create-storage-accounts.sh rg-storage-dev eastus 3 Development

Membuat skrip berbasis konfigurasi

Untuk penyebaran kompleks, gunakan file konfigurasi eksternal:

config.json:

{
  "resourceGroup": {
    "name": "rg-app-prod-eastus",
    "location": "eastus"
  },
  "storageAccounts": [
    {
      "namePrefix": "stappdata",
      "sku": "Standard_RAGRS",
      "kind": "StorageV2",
      "count": 2
    },
    {
      "namePrefix": "stappbackup",
      "sku": "Standard_GRS",
      "kind": "StorageV2",
      "count": 1
    }
  ],
  "tags": {
    "Environment": "Production",
    "CostCenter": "Engineering",
    "ManagedBy": "AzureCLI"
  }
}

deploy-from-config.sh:

#!/bin/bash

# Load configuration file
configFile="config.json"

if [ ! -f "$configFile" ]; then
    echo "Error: Configuration file $configFile not found"
    exit 1
fi

# Parse configuration using jq (JSON processor)
resourceGroupName=$(jq -r '.resourceGroup.name' $configFile)
resourceGroupLocation=$(jq -r '.resourceGroup.location' $configFile)
tagsJson=$(jq -r '.tags | to_entries | map("\(.key)=\(.value)") | join(" ")' $configFile)

echo "Deploying resources from configuration file..."
echo "Resource Group: $resourceGroupName"
echo "Location: $resourceGroupLocation"
echo ""

# Create resource group
az group create --name $resourceGroupName --location $resourceGroupLocation

# Read storage account configurations
storageConfigCount=$(jq '.storageAccounts | length' $configFile)

for i in $(seq 0 $(($storageConfigCount - 1)))
do
    namePrefix=$(jq -r ".storageAccounts[$i].namePrefix" $configFile)
    sku=$(jq -r ".storageAccounts[$i].sku" $configFile)
    kind=$(jq -r ".storageAccounts[$i].kind" $configFile)
    count=$(jq -r ".storageAccounts[$i].count" $configFile)

    echo "Creating $count storage account(s) with prefix: $namePrefix"

    for j in $(seq 1 $count)
    do
        timestamp=$(date +%s)
        saName="${namePrefix}${timestamp}${RANDOM}"
        saName=$(echo $saName | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]' | cut -c1-24)

        az storage account create \
            --name $saName \
            --resource-group $resourceGroupName \
            --location $resourceGroupLocation \
            --sku $sku \
            --kind $kind \
            --tags $tagsJson \
            --output none

        echo "  ✓ Created: $saName"
    done
done

echo ""
echo "Deployment complete."

Manfaat berbasis konfigurasi

• Pemisahan kepentingan: Konfigurasi terpisah dari logika penyebaran.
• Promosi lingkungan: Skrip yang sama dengan file konfigurasi berbeda untuk pengembangan, staging, produksi.
• Pengendalian versi: Lacak perubahan konfigurasi bersamaan dengan kode.
• Validasi: Validasi struktur konfigurasi sebelum penyebaran.

Menghapus sumber daya Azure dengan skrip

Saat membuat dan menguji skrip, ingatlah untuk menghapus sumber daya pengujian untuk menghindari biaya yang tidak perlu. Pembuatan skrip Azure CLI memungkinkan pembersihan sumber daya yang aman dan konsisten.

Menghapus akun penyimpanan berdasarkan tanggal pembuatan

Hapus semua akun penyimpanan yang dibuat pada atau setelah tanggal dan waktu tertentu:

#!/bin/bash

# Define cleanup parameters
cutoffDate="2025-10-08T00:00:00.000000+00:00"
resourceGroup="rg-storage-dev-eastus"

echo "Finding storage accounts created on or after $cutoffDate..."

# Get list of storage accounts matching criteria
saList=$(az storage account list \
    --resource-group $resourceGroup \
    --query "[?creationTime >='$cutoffDate'].{Name:name, Created:creationTime}" \
    --output table)

echo "$saList"
echo ""

# Confirm deletion
read -p "Delete these storage accounts? (yes/no): " confirm

if [ "$confirm" == "yes" ]; then
    for saId in $(az storage account list \
        --resource-group $resourceGroup \
        --query "[?creationTime >='$cutoffDate'].id" \
        --output tsv); do
        echo "Deleting storage account: $saId"
        az storage account delete --ids $saId --yes
    done
    echo "Cleanup complete."
else
    echo "Deletion cancelled."
fi

Menghapus grup sumber daya dengan pencatatan

Hapus grup sumber daya yang cocok dengan pola penamaan dengan peloggingan komprehensif:

#!/bin/bash

# Define cleanup parameters
namePattern="rg-dev-*"
logFileLocation="cleanup-$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S).log"

echo "Resource Group Cleanup" > $logFileLocation
echo "Started: $(date)" >> $logFileLocation
echo "Pattern: $namePattern" >> $logFileLocation
echo "----------------------------------------" >> $logFileLocation

# Find matching resource groups
echo "Finding resource groups matching pattern: $namePattern"
matchingGroups=$(az group list \
    --query "[?starts_with(name, 'rg-dev-')].name" \
    --output tsv)

if [ -z "$matchingGroups" ]; then
    echo "No resource groups found matching pattern: $namePattern"
    echo "No resource groups found" >> $logFileLocation
    exit 0
fi

# Display matches
echo "Found resource groups:"
echo "$matchingGroups"
echo ""

# Log matches
echo "Resource groups found:" >> $logFileLocation
echo "$matchingGroups" >> $logFileLocation
echo "" >> $logFileLocation

# Confirm deletion
read -p "Delete these resource groups? (yes/no): " confirm

if [ "$confirm" == "yes" ]; then
    echo "Starting deletion..." >> $logFileLocation

    for rgName in $matchingGroups
    do
        echo "Deleting resource group: $rgName"
        echo "$(date): Deleting $rgName" >> $logFileLocation

        # Delete with --no-wait for background execution
        if az group delete --name $rgName --yes --no-wait; then
            echo "  ✓ Deletion initiated for $rgName"
            echo "$(date): ✓ Deletion initiated for $rgName" >> $logFileLocation
        else
            echo "  ✗ Failed to initiate deletion for $rgName"
            echo "$(date): ✗ Failed to delete $rgName" >> $logFileLocation
        fi
    done

    echo ""
    echo "Deletion operations initiated. Resources will be removed in the background."
    echo "Check deletion status with: az group list --query \"[?starts_with(name, 'rg-dev-')].name\""

    echo "" >> $logFileLocation
    echo "Completed: $(date)" >> $logFileLocation
    echo "Log saved to: $logFileLocation"

    # Display log
    echo ""
    echo "=== Cleanup Log ==="
    cat $logFileLocation
else
    echo "Deletion cancelled by user" >> $logFileLocation
    echo "Deletion cancelled."
fi

Praktik penghapusan yang aman

Terapkan pemeriksaan keamanan sebelum penghapusan:

#!/bin/bash

# Delete resources safely with multiple confirmations
resourceGroup="rg-storage-test-eastus"

# Check if resource group exists
if ! az group show --name $resourceGroup &> /dev/null; then
    echo "Error: Resource group '$resourceGroup' not found"
    exit 1
fi

# Display resources that will be deleted
echo "Resources in resource group '$resourceGroup':"
az resource list --resource-group $resourceGroup \
    --query "[].{Name:name, Type:type, Location:location}" \
    --output table

echo ""
echo "⚠️  WARNING: This will delete ALL resources in '$resourceGroup'"
echo ""

# First confirmation
read -p "Are you sure you want to delete '$resourceGroup'? (yes/no): " confirm1

if [ "$confirm1" != "yes" ]; then
    echo "Deletion cancelled."
    exit 0
fi

# Second confirmation with exact name
read -p "Type the resource group name to confirm: " confirm2

if [ "$confirm2" != "$resourceGroup" ]; then
    echo "Resource group name does not match. Deletion cancelled."
    exit 1
fi

# Final countdown
echo "Deleting in 5 seconds. Press Ctrl+C to cancel."
sleep 5

echo "Deleting resource group '$resourceGroup'..."
az group delete --name $resourceGroup --yes

echo "Resource group deleted successfully."

Peringatan

Selalu verifikasi sumber daya sebelum penghapusan. Menghapus grup sumber daya secara permanen menghapus semua sumber daya di dalamnya. Tindakan ini tidak dapat dibatalkan.

Praktik terbaik untuk skrip produksi

Skrip Azure CLI siap produksi memerlukan perencanaan dan implementasi yang cermat. Skrip yang disediakan dalam unit ini menunjukkan konsep dasar, tetapi lingkungan produksi menuntut pertimbangan tambahan.

Komponen skrip produksi penting

Skrip Azure CLI yang kuat untuk lingkungan produksi harus mencakup:

1. Autentikasi dan otorisasi:

#!/bin/bash

# Authenticate with service principal (for automation)
if [ -n "$AZURE_CLIENT_ID" ] && [ -n "$AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET" ] && [ -n "$AZURE_TENANT_ID" ]; then
    echo "Authenticating with service principal..."
    az login --service-principal \
        --username $AZURE_CLIENT_ID \
        --password $AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET \
        --tenant $AZURE_TENANT_ID
else
    echo "Error: Service principal credentials not found"
    exit 1
fi

# Set subscription
az account set --subscription $AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID

# Verify authentication
if ! az account show &> /dev/null; then
    echo "Error: Authentication failed"
    exit 1
fi

2. Penanganan kesalahan komprehensif:

#!/bin/bash

# Exit immediately if command fails
set -e

# Trap errors and perform cleanup
trap 'cleanup_on_error' ERR

cleanup_on_error() {
    echo "Error occurred on line $1"
    echo "Performing cleanup..."
    # Add cleanup logic here
    exit 1
}

# Enable error trapping with line numbers
trap 'cleanup_on_error $LINENO' ERR

3. Pemeriksaan idempotensi:

#!/bin/bash

# Check if resource group exists before creation
create_resource_group() {
    local rgName=$1
    local location=$2

    if az group show --name $rgName &> /dev/null; then
        echo "Resource group $rgName already exists. Skipping creation."
    else
        echo "Creating resource group $rgName..."
        az group create --name $rgName --location $location
    fi
}

# Check if storage account exists
create_storage_account() {
    local saName=$1
    local rgName=$2

    if az storage account show --name $saName --resource-group $rgName &> /dev/null; then
        echo "Storage account $saName already exists. Skipping creation."
        return 0
    else
        echo "Creating storage account $saName..."
        az storage account create --name $saName --resource-group $rgName --location eastus
    fi
}

4. Pencatatan log terstruktur:

#!/bin/bash

# Define log file with timestamp
logFile="deployment-$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S).log"
errorLog="errors-$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S).log"

# Logging function
log() {
    local level=$1
    shift
    local message="$@"
    local timestamp=$(date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")

    echo "[$timestamp] [$level] $message" | tee -a $logFile

    if [ "$level" == "ERROR" ]; then
        echo "[$timestamp] $message" >> $errorLog
    fi
}

# Usage
log "INFO" "Starting deployment..."
log "ERROR" "Failed to create resource"
log "SUCCESS" "Deployment complete"

5. Validasi konfigurasi:

#!/bin/bash

# Validate required configuration
validate_config() {
    local errors=0

    if [ -z "$RESOURCE_GROUP" ]; then
        echo "Error: RESOURCE_GROUP not defined"
        ((errors++))
    fi

    if [ -z "$LOCATION" ]; then
        echo "Error: LOCATION not defined"
        ((errors++))
    fi

    # Validate location exists
    if ! az account list-locations --query "[?name=='$LOCATION']" | grep -q "$LOCATION"; then
        echo "Error: Invalid location: $LOCATION"
        ((errors++))
    fi

    if [ $errors -gt 0 ]; then
        echo "Configuration validation failed with $errors error(s)"
        exit 1
    fi

    echo "Configuration validation passed"
}

6. Strategi penandaan:

#!/bin/bash

# Define standard tags
environment=$1  # Development, Staging, Production
costCenter=$2
owner=$3

# Create tags string
tags="Environment=$environment CostCenter=$costCenter Owner=$owner \
      CreatedBy=AzureCLI CreatedDate=$(date +%Y-%m-%d) \
      ManagedBy=Infrastructure-Team Project=WebApp"

# Apply tags to resources
az group create \
    --name $resourceGroup \
    --location $location \
    --tags $tags

az storage account create \
    --name $saName \
    --resource-group $resourceGroup \
    --location $location \
    --tags $tags

7. Kemampuan putar kembali:

#!/bin/bash

# Track created resources for rollback
createdResources=()

create_with_tracking() {
    local resourceType=$1
    local resourceName=$2

    # Attempt resource creation
    if create_resource "$resourceType" "$resourceName"; then
        createdResources+=("$resourceType:$resourceName")
        echo "✓ Created: $resourceType - $resourceName"
        return 0
    else
        echo "✗ Failed: $resourceType - $resourceName"
        return 1
    fi
}

rollback() {
    echo "Rolling back created resources..."

    for resource in "${createdResources[@]}"; do
        IFS=':' read -r type name <<< "$resource"
        echo "Deleting $type: $name"
        delete_resource "$type" "$name"
    done

    echo "Rollback complete"
}

# Use trap to rollback on error
trap rollback ERR

Struktur organisasi skrip

Atur skrip ke dalam modul logis:

azure-infrastructure/
├── config/
│   ├── dev.json
│   ├── staging.json
│   └── prod.json
├── scripts/
│   ├── deploy-infrastructure.sh
│   ├── deploy-storage.sh
│   └── cleanup.sh
├── lib/
│   ├── common-functions.sh
│   ├── logging.sh
│   └── validation.sh
├── logs/
└── README.md

Pustaka fungsi yang dapat digunakan kembali

common-functions.sh:

#!/bin/bash

# Load this file in other scripts: source ./lib/common-functions.sh

# Check if Azure CLI is installed
check_azure_cli() {
    if ! command -v az &> /dev/null; then
        echo "Error: Azure CLI not installed"
        exit 1
    fi
}

# Wait for resource to be ready
wait_for_resource() {
    local resourceId=$1
    local maxAttempts=30
    local attempt=1

    echo "Waiting for resource to be ready..."

    while [ $attempt -le $maxAttempts ]; do
        if az resource show --ids $resourceId &> /dev/null; then
            echo "Resource is ready"
            return 0
        fi

        echo "Attempt $attempt/$maxAttempts - waiting..."
        sleep 10
        ((attempt++))
    done

    echo "Timeout waiting for resource"
    return 1
}

# Generate unique name
generate_unique_name() {
    local prefix=$1
    local timestamp=$(date +%s)
    local random=$RANDOM
    echo "${prefix}${timestamp}${random}" | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]' | cut -c1-24
}

Menguji skrip dengan aman

Uji skrip di lingkungan terisolasi:

#!/bin/bash

# Test mode flag
TEST_MODE=${TEST_MODE:-false}

execute_command() {
    local command=$1

    if [ "$TEST_MODE" == "true" ]; then
        echo "[TEST MODE] Would execute: $command"
    else
        echo "Executing: $command"
        eval $command
    fi
}

# Usage
execute_command "az group create --name rg-test --location eastus"

Jalankan dalam mode pengujian:

TEST_MODE=true ./deploy-infrastructure.sh

Sumber daya tambahan

• Repositori sampel Azure CLI:github.com/Azure-Samples/azure-cli-samples.
• Panduan pembuatan skrip Azure CLI:learn.microsoft.com/cli/azure/azure-cli-vm-tutorial.
• Praktik terbaik pembuatan skrip Bash:www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/.

Skrip dalam unit ini menunjukkan kemampuan Azure CLI saat menggabungkan variabel, perulangan, kondisi, dan penanganan kesalahan dengan perintah Azure CLI . Pola-pola ini menskalakan dari mengelola beberapa sumber daya untuk mengatur penyebaran infrastruktur perusahaan yang kompleks.