Panduan: Menampilkan kurung kurawal yang cocok

Artikel
12/21/2023

Terapkan fitur berbasis bahasa, seperti, pencocokan kurung kurawal dengan menentukan kurung kurawal yang ingin Anda cocokkan, dan tambahkan tag penanda teks ke kurung kurawal yang cocok saat tanda sisipan berada di salah satu tanda kurung kurawal. Anda dapat menentukan kurung kurawal dalam konteks bahasa, menentukan ekstensi nama file dan jenis konten Anda sendiri, dan menerapkan tag hanya untuk jenis tersebut atau menerapkan tag ke jenis konten yang ada (seperti "teks"). Panduan berikut menunjukkan cara menerapkan tag pencocokan kurung kurawal ke tipe konten "teks".

Membuat proyek Managed Extensibility Framework (MEF)

Untuk membuat proyek MEF

Membuat proyek Pengklasifikasi Editor. Beri nama solusi BraceMatchingTest.
Tambahkan templat item Pengklasifikasi Editor ke proyek. Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat Membuat ekstensi dengan templat item editor.
Hapus file kelas yang ada.

Menerapkan tagger pencocokan kurung kurawal

Untuk mendapatkan efek penyorotan kurung kurawal yang menyerupai yang digunakan di Visual Studio, Anda dapat menerapkan tagger jenis TextMarkerTag. Kode berikut menunjukkan cara menentukan tagger untuk pasangan kurung kurawal pada tingkat bersarang apa pun. Dalam contoh ini, pasangan kurung kurawal [] dan {} didefinisikan dalam konstruktor tagger, tetapi dalam implementasi bahasa lengkap, pasangan kurung kurawal yang relevan akan didefinisikan dalam spesifikasi bahasa.

Untuk mengimplementasikan tagger pencocokan kurung kurawal

Tambahkan file kelas dan beri nama BraceMatching.

Impor namespace berikut.

using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.Composition;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.Text;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.Text.Editor;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.Text.Tagging;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.Utilities;

Imports System.ComponentModel.Composition
Imports Microsoft.VisualStudio.Text
Imports Microsoft.VisualStudio.Text.Editor
Imports Microsoft.VisualStudio.Text.Tagging
Imports Microsoft.VisualStudio.Utilities

Tentukan kelas BraceMatchingTagger yang mewarisi dari ITagger<T> jenis TextMarkerTag.

internal class BraceMatchingTagger : ITagger<TextMarkerTag>

Friend Class BraceMatchingTagger
    Implements ITagger(Of TextMarkerTag)

Tambahkan properti untuk tampilan teks, buffer sumber, titik rekam jepret saat ini, dan juga sekumpulan pasangan kurung kurawal.

ITextView View { get; set; }
ITextBuffer SourceBuffer { get; set; }
SnapshotPoint? CurrentChar { get; set; }
private Dictionary<char, char> m_braceList;

Private _View As ITextView
Private Property View() As ITextView
    Get
        Return _View
    End Get
    Set(ByVal value As ITextView)
        _View = value
    End Set
End Property
Private _SourceBuffer As ITextBuffer
Private Property SourceBuffer() As ITextBuffer
    Get
        Return _SourceBuffer
    End Get
    Set(ByVal value As ITextBuffer)
        _SourceBuffer = value
    End Set
End Property
Private _CurrentChar As System.Nullable(Of SnapshotPoint)
Private Property CurrentChar() As System.Nullable(Of SnapshotPoint)
    Get
        Return _CurrentChar
    End Get
    Set(ByVal value As System.Nullable(Of SnapshotPoint))
        _CurrentChar = value
    End Set
End Property
Private m_braceList As Dictionary(Of Char, Char)

Di konstruktor tagger, atur properti dan berlangganan tampilan mengubah peristiwa PositionChanged dan LayoutChanged. Dalam contoh ini, untuk tujuan ilustrasi, pasangan yang cocok juga didefinisikan dalam konstruktor.

internal BraceMatchingTagger(ITextView view, ITextBuffer sourceBuffer)
{
    //here the keys are the open braces, and the values are the close braces
    m_braceList = new Dictionary<char, char>();
    m_braceList.Add('{', '}');
    m_braceList.Add('[', ']');
    m_braceList.Add('(', ')');
    this.View = view;
    this.SourceBuffer = sourceBuffer;
    this.CurrentChar = null;

    this.View.Caret.PositionChanged += CaretPositionChanged;
    this.View.LayoutChanged += ViewLayoutChanged;
}

Friend Sub New(ByVal view As ITextView, ByVal sourceBuffer As ITextBuffer)
    'here the keys are the open braces, and the values are the close braces
    m_braceList = New Dictionary(Of Char, Char)()
    m_braceList.Add("{"c, "}"c)
    m_braceList.Add("["c, "]"c)
    m_braceList.Add("("c, ")"c)
    Me.View = view
    Me.SourceBuffer = sourceBuffer
    Me.CurrentChar = Nothing

    AddHandler Me.View.Caret.PositionChanged, AddressOf Me.CaretPositionChanged
    AddHandler Me.View.LayoutChanged, AddressOf Me.ViewLayoutChanged
End Sub

Sebagai bagian ITagger<T> dari implementasi, deklarasikan peristiwa TagsChanged.

public event EventHandler<SnapshotSpanEventArgs> TagsChanged;

Public Event TagsChanged As EventHandler(Of SnapshotSpanEventArgs) _
    Implements ITagger(Of TextMarkerTag).TagsChanged

Penanganan aktivitas memperbarui posisi CurrentChar tanda sisipan properti saat ini dan menaikkan peristiwa TagsChanged.

void ViewLayoutChanged(object sender, TextViewLayoutChangedEventArgs e)
{
    if (e.NewSnapshot != e.OldSnapshot) //make sure that there has really been a change
    {
        UpdateAtCaretPosition(View.Caret.Position);
    }
}

void CaretPositionChanged(object sender, CaretPositionChangedEventArgs e)
{
    UpdateAtCaretPosition(e.NewPosition);
}
void UpdateAtCaretPosition(CaretPosition caretPosition)
{
    CurrentChar = caretPosition.Point.GetPoint(SourceBuffer, caretPosition.Affinity);

    if (!CurrentChar.HasValue)
        return;

    var tempEvent = TagsChanged;
    if (tempEvent != null)
        tempEvent(this, new SnapshotSpanEventArgs(new SnapshotSpan(SourceBuffer.CurrentSnapshot, 0,
            SourceBuffer.CurrentSnapshot.Length)));
}

Private Sub ViewLayoutChanged(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As TextViewLayoutChangedEventArgs)
    If e.NewSnapshot IsNot e.OldSnapshot Then
        'make sure that there has really been a change
        UpdateAtCaretPosition(View.Caret.Position)
    End If
End Sub

Private Sub CaretPositionChanged(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As CaretPositionChangedEventArgs)
    UpdateAtCaretPosition(e.NewPosition)
End Sub

Private Sub UpdateAtCaretPosition(ByVal caretPosition As CaretPosition)
    CurrentChar = caretPosition.Point.GetPoint(SourceBuffer, caretPosition.Affinity)

    If Not CurrentChar.HasValue Then
        Exit Sub
    End If

    RaiseEvent TagsChanged(Me, New SnapshotSpanEventArgs(New SnapshotSpan(SourceBuffer.CurrentSnapshot, 0, SourceBuffer.CurrentSnapshot.Length)))
End Sub

Terapkan GetTags metode untuk mencocokkan kurung kurawal baik ketika karakter saat ini adalah kurung kurawal terbuka atau ketika karakter sebelumnya adalah kurung kurawal dekat, seperti di Visual Studio. Ketika kecocokan ditemukan, metode ini membuat instans dua tag, satu untuk kurung kurawal terbuka dan satu untuk kurung kurawal dekat.

public IEnumerable<ITagSpan<TextMarkerTag>> GetTags(NormalizedSnapshotSpanCollection spans)
{
    if (spans.Count == 0)   //there is no content in the buffer
        yield break;

    //don't do anything if the current SnapshotPoint is not initialized or at the end of the buffer
    if (!CurrentChar.HasValue || CurrentChar.Value.Position >= CurrentChar.Value.Snapshot.Length)
        yield break;

    //hold on to a snapshot of the current character
    SnapshotPoint currentChar = CurrentChar.Value;

    //if the requested snapshot isn't the same as the one the brace is on, translate our spans to the expected snapshot
    if (spans[0].Snapshot != currentChar.Snapshot)
    {
        currentChar = currentChar.TranslateTo(spans[0].Snapshot, PointTrackingMode.Positive);
    }

    //get the current char and the previous char
    char currentText = currentChar.GetChar();
    SnapshotPoint lastChar = currentChar == 0 ? currentChar : currentChar - 1; //if currentChar is 0 (beginning of buffer), don't move it back
    char lastText = lastChar.GetChar();
    SnapshotSpan pairSpan = new SnapshotSpan();

    if (m_braceList.ContainsKey(currentText))   //the key is the open brace
    {
        char closeChar;
        m_braceList.TryGetValue(currentText, out closeChar);
        if (BraceMatchingTagger.FindMatchingCloseChar(currentChar, currentText, closeChar, View.TextViewLines.Count, out pairSpan) == true)
        {
            yield return new TagSpan<TextMarkerTag>(new SnapshotSpan(currentChar, 1), new TextMarkerTag("blue"));
            yield return new TagSpan<TextMarkerTag>(pairSpan, new TextMarkerTag("blue"));
        }
    }
    else if (m_braceList.ContainsValue(lastText))    //the value is the close brace, which is the *previous* character 
    {
        var open = from n in m_braceList
                   where n.Value.Equals(lastText)
                   select n.Key;
        if (BraceMatchingTagger.FindMatchingOpenChar(lastChar, (char)open.ElementAt<char>(0), lastText, View.TextViewLines.Count, out pairSpan) == true)
        {
            yield return new TagSpan<TextMarkerTag>(new SnapshotSpan(lastChar, 1), new TextMarkerTag("blue"));
            yield return new TagSpan<TextMarkerTag>(pairSpan, new TextMarkerTag("blue"));
        }
    }
}

Public Function GetTags(ByVal spans As NormalizedSnapshotSpanCollection) As IEnumerable(Of ITagSpan(Of TextMarkerTag)) Implements ITagger(Of Microsoft.VisualStudio.Text.Tagging.TextMarkerTag).GetTags
    If spans.Count = 0 Then
        'there is no content in the buffer
        Exit Function
    End If

    'don't do anything if the current SnapshotPoint is not initialized or at the end of the buffer
    If Not CurrentChar.HasValue OrElse CurrentChar.Value.Position >= CurrentChar.Value.Snapshot.Length Then
        Exit Function
    End If

    'hold on to a snapshot of the current character
    Dim currentChar__1 As SnapshotPoint = CurrentChar.Value

    'if the requested snapshot isn't the same as the one the brace is on, translate our spans to the expected snapshot
    If spans(0).Snapshot IsNot currentChar__1.Snapshot Then
        currentChar__1 = currentChar__1.TranslateTo(spans(0).Snapshot, PointTrackingMode.Positive)
    End If

    'get the current char and the previous char
    Dim currentText As Char = currentChar__1.GetChar()
    Dim lastChar As SnapshotPoint = If(CInt(currentChar__1) = 0, currentChar__1, currentChar__1 - 1)
    'if currentChar is 0 (beginning of buffer), don't move it back
    Dim lastText As Char = lastChar.GetChar()
    Dim pairSpan As New SnapshotSpan()

    If m_braceList.ContainsKey(currentText) Then
        'the key is the open brace
        Dim closeChar As Char
        m_braceList.TryGetValue(currentText, closeChar)
        If BraceMatchingTagger.FindMatchingCloseChar(currentChar__1, currentText, closeChar, View.TextViewLines.Count, pairSpan) = True Then
            Exit Function
        End If
    ElseIf m_braceList.ContainsValue(lastText) Then
        'the value is the close brace, which is the *previous* character 
        Dim open = From n In m_braceList _
            Where n.Value.Equals(lastText) _
            Select n.Key
        If BraceMatchingTagger.FindMatchingOpenChar(lastChar, CChar(open.ElementAt(0)), lastText, View.TextViewLines.Count, pairSpan) = True Then
            Exit Function
        End If
    End If
End Function

Metode privat berikut menemukan kurung kurawal yang cocok di tingkat berlapis apa pun. Metode pertama menemukan karakter dekat yang cocok dengan karakter terbuka:

private static bool FindMatchingCloseChar(SnapshotPoint startPoint, char open, char close, int maxLines, out SnapshotSpan pairSpan)
{
    pairSpan = new SnapshotSpan(startPoint.Snapshot, 1, 1);
    ITextSnapshotLine line = startPoint.GetContainingLine();
    string lineText = line.GetText();
    int lineNumber = line.LineNumber;
    int offset = startPoint.Position - line.Start.Position + 1;

    int stopLineNumber = startPoint.Snapshot.LineCount - 1;
    if (maxLines > 0)
        stopLineNumber = Math.Min(stopLineNumber, lineNumber + maxLines);

    int openCount = 0;
    while (true)
    {
        //walk the entire line
        while (offset < line.Length)
        {
            char currentChar = lineText[offset];
            if (currentChar == close) //found the close character
            {
                if (openCount > 0)
                {
                    openCount--;
                }
                else    //found the matching close
                {
                    pairSpan = new SnapshotSpan(startPoint.Snapshot, line.Start + offset, 1);
                    return true;
                }
            }
            else if (currentChar == open) // this is another open
            {
                openCount++;
            }
            offset++;
        }

        //move on to the next line
        if (++lineNumber > stopLineNumber)
            break;

        line = line.Snapshot.GetLineFromLineNumber(lineNumber);
        lineText = line.GetText();
        offset = 0;
    }

    return false;
}

Private Shared Function FindMatchingCloseChar(ByVal startPoint As SnapshotPoint, ByVal open As Char, ByVal close As Char, ByVal maxLines As Integer, ByRef pairSpan As SnapshotSpan) As Boolean
    pairSpan = New SnapshotSpan(startPoint.Snapshot, 1, 1)
    Dim line As ITextSnapshotLine = startPoint.GetContainingLine()
    Dim lineText As String = line.GetText()
    Dim lineNumber As Integer = line.LineNumber
    Dim offset As Integer = startPoint.Position - line.Start.Position + 1

    Dim stopLineNumber As Integer = startPoint.Snapshot.LineCount - 1
    If maxLines > 0 Then
        stopLineNumber = Math.Min(stopLineNumber, lineNumber + maxLines)
    End If

    Dim openCount As Integer = 0
    While True
        'walk the entire line
        While offset < line.Length
            Dim currentChar As Char = lineText(offset)
            If currentChar = close Then
                'found the close character
                If openCount > 0 Then
                    openCount -= 1
                Else
                    'found the matching close
                    pairSpan = New SnapshotSpan(startPoint.Snapshot, line.Start + offset, 1)
                    Return True
                End If
            ElseIf currentChar = open Then
                ' this is another open
                openCount += 1
            End If
            offset += 1
        End While

        'move on to the next line
        If System.Threading.Interlocked.Increment(lineNumber) > stopLineNumber Then
            Exit While
        End If

        line = line.Snapshot.GetLineFromLineNumber(lineNumber)
        lineText = line.GetText()
        offset = 0
    End While

    Return False
End Function

Metode pembantu berikut menemukan karakter terbuka yang cocok dengan karakter dekat:

private static bool FindMatchingOpenChar(SnapshotPoint startPoint, char open, char close, int maxLines, out SnapshotSpan pairSpan)
{
    pairSpan = new SnapshotSpan(startPoint, startPoint);

    ITextSnapshotLine line = startPoint.GetContainingLine();

    int lineNumber = line.LineNumber;
    int offset = startPoint - line.Start - 1; //move the offset to the character before this one

    //if the offset is negative, move to the previous line
    if (offset < 0)
    {
        line = line.Snapshot.GetLineFromLineNumber(--lineNumber);
        offset = line.Length - 1;
    }

    string lineText = line.GetText();

    int stopLineNumber = 0;
    if (maxLines > 0)
        stopLineNumber = Math.Max(stopLineNumber, lineNumber - maxLines);

    int closeCount = 0;

    while (true)
    {
        // Walk the entire line
        while (offset >= 0)
        {
            char currentChar = lineText[offset];

            if (currentChar == open)
            {
                if (closeCount > 0)
                {
                    closeCount--;
                }
                else // We've found the open character
                {
                    pairSpan = new SnapshotSpan(line.Start + offset, 1); //we just want the character itself
                    return true;
                }
            }
            else if (currentChar == close)
            {
                closeCount++;
            }
            offset--;
        }

        // Move to the previous line
        if (--lineNumber < stopLineNumber)
            break;

        line = line.Snapshot.GetLineFromLineNumber(lineNumber);
        lineText = line.GetText();
        offset = line.Length - 1;
    }
    return false;
}

Private Shared Function FindMatchingOpenChar(ByVal startPoint As SnapshotPoint, ByVal open As Char, ByVal close As Char, ByVal maxLines As Integer, ByRef pairSpan As SnapshotSpan) As Boolean
    pairSpan = New SnapshotSpan(startPoint, startPoint)

    Dim line As ITextSnapshotLine = startPoint.GetContainingLine()

    Dim lineNumber As Integer = line.LineNumber
    Dim offset As Integer = startPoint - line.Start - 1
    'move the offset to the character before this one
    'if the offset is negative, move to the previous line
    If offset < 0 Then
        line = line.Snapshot.GetLineFromLineNumber(System.Threading.Interlocked.Decrement(lineNumber))
        offset = line.Length - 1
    End If

    Dim lineText As String = line.GetText()

    Dim stopLineNumber As Integer = 0
    If maxLines > 0 Then
        stopLineNumber = Math.Max(stopLineNumber, lineNumber - maxLines)
    End If

    Dim closeCount As Integer = 0

    While True
        ' Walk the entire line
        While offset >= 0
            Dim currentChar As Char = lineText(offset)

            If currentChar = open Then
                If closeCount > 0 Then
                    closeCount -= 1
                Else
                    ' We've found the open character
                    pairSpan = New SnapshotSpan(line.Start + offset, 1)
                    'we just want the character itself
                    Return True
                End If
            ElseIf currentChar = close Then
                closeCount += 1
            End If
            offset -= 1
        End While

        ' Move to the previous line
        If System.Threading.Interlocked.Decrement(lineNumber) < stopLineNumber Then
            Exit While
        End If

        line = line.Snapshot.GetLineFromLineNumber(lineNumber)
        lineText = line.GetText()
        offset = line.Length - 1
    End While
    Return False
End Function

Menerapkan penyedia tagger pencocokan kurung kurawal

Selain menerapkan tagger, Anda juga harus menerapkan dan mengekspor penyedia tagger. Dalam hal ini, jenis konten penyedia adalah "teks". Jadi, pencocokan kurung kurawal akan muncul di semua jenis file teks, tetapi implementasi yang lebih lengkap menerapkan pencocokan kurung kurawal hanya untuk jenis konten tertentu.

Untuk mengimplementasikan penyedia tagger pencocokan kurung kurawal

Deklarasikan penyedia tagger yang mewarisi dari IViewTaggerProvider, beri nama BraceMatchingTaggerProvider, dan ekspor dengan ContentTypeAttribute "teks" dan TagTypeAttribute dari TextMarkerTag.

[Export(typeof(IViewTaggerProvider))]
[ContentType("text")]
[TagType(typeof(TextMarkerTag))]
internal class BraceMatchingTaggerProvider : IViewTaggerProvider

<Export(GetType(IViewTaggerProvider))> _
<ContentType("text")> _
<TagType(GetType(TextMarkerTag))> _
Friend Class BraceMatchingTaggerProvider
    Implements IViewTaggerProvider

Terapkan CreateTagger metode untuk membuat instans BraceMatchingTagger.

public ITagger<T> CreateTagger<T>(ITextView textView, ITextBuffer buffer) where T : ITag
{
    if (textView == null)
        return null;

    //provide highlighting only on the top-level buffer
    if (textView.TextBuffer != buffer)
        return null;

    return new BraceMatchingTagger(textView, buffer) as ITagger<T>;
}

Public Function CreateTagger(Of T As ITag)(ByVal textView As ITextView, ByVal buffer As ITextBuffer) As ITagger(Of T) Implements IViewTaggerProvider.CreateTagger
    If textView Is Nothing Then
        Return Nothing
    End If

    'provide highlighting only on the top-level buffer
    If textView.TextBuffer IsNot buffer Then
        Return Nothing
    End If

    Return TryCast(New BraceMatchingTagger(textView, buffer), ITagger(Of T))
End Function

Membangun dan menguji kode

Untuk menguji kode ini, buat solusi BraceMatchingTest dan jalankan dalam instans eksperimental.

Untuk membangun dan menguji solusi BraceMatchingTest

Bangun solusinya.
Saat Anda menjalankan proyek ini di debugger, instans kedua Visual Studio dimulai.
Buat file teks dan ketik beberapa teks yang menyertakan kurung kurawal yang cocok.
```
hello {
goodbye}

{}

{hello}
```
Ketika Anda memposisikan tanda sisipan sebelum kurung kurawal terbuka, kurung kurawal dan kurung dekat yang cocok harus disorot. Ketika Anda memposisikan kursor tepat setelah kurung kurawal dekat, kurung kurawal itu dan kurung kurawal terbuka yang cocok harus disorot.

Panduan: Menautkan tipe konten ke ekstensi nama file

Bagikan melalui

Panduan: Menampilkan kurung kurawal yang cocok

Membuat proyek Managed Extensibility Framework (MEF)

Untuk membuat proyek MEF

Menerapkan tagger pencocokan kurung kurawal

Untuk mengimplementasikan tagger pencocokan kurung kurawal

Menerapkan penyedia tagger pencocokan kurung kurawal

Untuk mengimplementasikan penyedia tagger pencocokan kurung kurawal

Membangun dan menguji kode

Untuk membangun dan menguji solusi BraceMatchingTest

Sumber Daya Tambahan:

Bagikan melalui

Panduan: Menampilkan kurung kurawal yang cocok

Membuat proyek Managed Extensibility Framework (MEF)

Untuk membuat proyek MEF

Menerapkan tagger pencocokan kurung kurawal

Untuk mengimplementasikan tagger pencocokan kurung kurawal

Menerapkan penyedia tagger pencocokan kurung kurawal

Untuk mengimplementasikan penyedia tagger pencocokan kurung kurawal

Membangun dan menguji kode

Untuk membangun dan menguji solusi BraceMatchingTest

Konten terkait

Sumber Daya Tambahan: