Cara Menggulir Bitmap
Bagian ini menjelaskan perubahan yang dapat Anda lakukan pada prosedur jendela utama aplikasi untuk memungkinkan pengguna menggulir bitmap.
Contohnya mencakup item menu yang menyalin konten layar ke bitmap, dan menampilkan bitmap di area klien. Contoh ini juga memproses pesan WM_HSCROLL dan WM_VSCROLL yang dihasilkan oleh bilah gulir sehingga pengguna dapat menggulir bitmap secara horizontal dan vertikal. Tidak seperti contoh untuk teks yang digulir, contoh bitmap menggunakan fungsi BitBlt untuk menggambar bagian area klien yang tidak valid.
Apa yang perlu Anda ketahui
Teknologi
Prasyarat
- C/C++
- Pemrograman Antarmuka Pengguna Windows
Petunjuk
Memproses Pesan WM_CREATE
Ketika pesan WM_CREATE diproses, variabel yang diperlukan untuk menggulir diinisialisasi. Gunakan fungsi CreateCompatibleDC untuk membuat konteks perangkat yang kompatibel (DC), fungsi CreateBitmap untuk membuat bitmap, dan fungsi SelectObject untuk memilih bitmap untuk DC. Perhatikan bahwa DC yang kompatibel juga dikenal sebagai DC memori.
Informasi khusus perangkat tentang perangkat tampilan diambil. Jika DC yang kompatibel dibuat untuk layar, seperti dalam contoh, gunakan fungsi GetDeviceCaps untuk mendapatkan informasi ini. Informasi ini mencakup jumlah bit warna yang berdekatan per piksel, jumlah bidang warna, serta tinggi dan lebar DC.
Memproses Pesan WM_SIZE
Pemrosesan pesan WM_SIZE memerlukan penyesuaian rentang dan posisi gulir, sehingga mencerminkan dimensi area klien dan bitmap yang akan ditampilkan.
Fungsi SetScrollInfo mengatur nilai posisi minimum dan maksimum, ukuran halaman, dan posisi gulir untuk bilah gulir.
Memproses pesan WM_HSCROLL dan WM_VSCROLL
Saat pesan WM_HSCROLL dan WM_VSCROLL diproses, kode permintaan bilah gulir diperiksa dan posisi gulir diatur ke nilai baru yang mencerminkan tindakan gulir pengguna. Jika posisi gulir berada dalam rentang gulir, jendela digulir ke posisi baru dengan menggunakan fungsi ScrollWindow. Posisi kotak gulir kemudian disesuaikan dengan menggunakan fungsi SetScrollInfo.
Setelah jendela digulir, bagian dari area kliennya dibuat tidak valid. Untuk memastikan bahwa wilayah yang tidak valid diperbarui, gunakan fungsi UpdateWindow untuk menghasilkan pesan WM_PAINT. Saat memproses pesan WM_PAINT , aplikasi harus mengecat ulang wilayah yang tidak valid di bagian bawah area klien. Saat menggulir atau mengubah ukuran area klien, contohnya menggunakan fungsi BitBlt untuk menyalin bagian bitmap yang sesuai ke bagian area klien yang tidak valid.
Contoh Menggulir Bitmap
Contoh berikut memungkinkan pengguna untuk mengambil konten layar ke dalam bitmap dan menggulir bitmap di area klien. Konten layar diambil saat pengguna mengklik kanan area klien.
LRESULT CALLBACK MyBitmapWindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
HDC hdc;
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
SCROLLINFO si;
// These variables are required by BitBlt.
static HDC hdcWin; // window DC
static HDC hdcScreen; // DC for entire screen
static HDC hdcScreenCompat; // memory DC for screen
static HBITMAP hbmpCompat; // bitmap handle to old DC
static BITMAP bmp; // bitmap data structure
static BOOL fBlt; // TRUE if BitBlt occurred
static BOOL fScroll; // TRUE if scrolling occurred
static BOOL fSize; // TRUE if fBlt & WM_SIZE
// These variables are required for horizontal scrolling.
static int xMinScroll; // minimum horizontal scroll value
static int xCurrentScroll; // current horizontal scroll value
static int xMaxScroll; // maximum horizontal scroll value
// These variables are required for vertical scrolling.
static int yMinScroll; // minimum vertical scroll value
static int yCurrentScroll; // current vertical scroll value
static int yMaxScroll; // maximum vertical scroll value
switch (uMsg)
{
case WM_CREATE:
// Create a normal DC and a memory DC for the entire
// screen. The normal DC provides a snapshot of the
// screen contents. The memory DC keeps a copy of this
// snapshot in the associated bitmap.
hdcScreen = CreateDC(L"DISPLAY", (PCTSTR) NULL,
(PCTSTR) NULL, (CONST DEVMODE *) NULL);
hdcScreenCompat = CreateCompatibleDC(hdcScreen);
// Retrieve the metrics for the bitmap associated with the
// regular device context.
bmp.bmBitsPixel =
(BYTE) GetDeviceCaps(hdcScreen, BITSPIXEL);
bmp.bmPlanes = (BYTE) GetDeviceCaps(hdcScreen, PLANES);
bmp.bmWidth = GetDeviceCaps(hdcScreen, HORZRES);
bmp.bmHeight = GetDeviceCaps(hdcScreen, VERTRES);
// The width must be byte-aligned.
bmp.bmWidthBytes = ((bmp.bmWidth + 15) &~15)/8;
// Create a bitmap for the compatible DC.
hbmpCompat = CreateBitmap(bmp.bmWidth, bmp.bmHeight,
bmp.bmPlanes, bmp.bmBitsPixel, (CONST VOID *) NULL);
// Select the bitmap for the compatible DC.
SelectObject(hdcScreenCompat, hbmpCompat);
// Initialize the flags.
fBlt = FALSE;
fScroll = FALSE;
fSize = FALSE;
// Initialize the horizontal scrolling variables.
xMinScroll = 0;
xCurrentScroll = 0;
xMaxScroll = 0;
// Initialize the vertical scrolling variables.
yMinScroll = 0;
yCurrentScroll = 0;
yMaxScroll = 0;
break;
case WM_SIZE:
{
int xNewSize;
int yNewSize;
xNewSize = LOWORD(lParam);
yNewSize = HIWORD(lParam);
if (fBlt)
fSize = TRUE;
// The horizontal scrolling range is defined by
// (bitmap_width) - (client_width). The current horizontal
// scroll value remains within the horizontal scrolling range.
xMaxScroll = max(bmp.bmWidth-xNewSize, 0);
xCurrentScroll = min(xCurrentScroll, xMaxScroll);
si.cbSize = sizeof(si);
si.fMask = SIF_RANGE | SIF_PAGE | SIF_POS;
si.nMin = xMinScroll;
si.nMax = bmp.bmWidth;
si.nPage = xNewSize;
si.nPos = xCurrentScroll;
SetScrollInfo(hwnd, SB_HORZ, &si, TRUE);
// The vertical scrolling range is defined by
// (bitmap_height) - (client_height). The current vertical
// scroll value remains within the vertical scrolling range.
yMaxScroll = max(bmp.bmHeight - yNewSize, 0);
yCurrentScroll = min(yCurrentScroll, yMaxScroll);
si.cbSize = sizeof(si);
si.fMask = SIF_RANGE | SIF_PAGE | SIF_POS;
si.nMin = yMinScroll;
si.nMax = bmp.bmHeight;
si.nPage = yNewSize;
si.nPos = yCurrentScroll;
SetScrollInfo(hwnd, SB_VERT, &si, TRUE);
break;
}
case WM_PAINT:
{
PRECT prect;
hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
// If the window has been resized and the user has
// captured the screen, use the following call to
// BitBlt to paint the window's client area.
if (fSize)
{
BitBlt(ps.hdc,
0, 0,
bmp.bmWidth, bmp.bmHeight,
hdcScreenCompat,
xCurrentScroll, yCurrentScroll,
SRCCOPY);
fSize = FALSE;
}
// If scrolling has occurred, use the following call to
// BitBlt to paint the invalid rectangle.
//
// The coordinates of this rectangle are specified in the
// RECT structure to which prect points.
//
// Note that it is necessary to increment the seventh
// argument (prect->left) by xCurrentScroll and the
// eighth argument (prect->top) by yCurrentScroll in
// order to map the correct pixels from the source bitmap.
if (fScroll)
{
prect = &ps.rcPaint;
BitBlt(ps.hdc,
prect->left, prect->top,
(prect->right - prect->left),
(prect->bottom - prect->top),
hdcScreenCompat,
prect->left + xCurrentScroll,
prect->top + yCurrentScroll,
SRCCOPY);
fScroll = FALSE;
}
EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
break;
}
case WM_HSCROLL:
{
int xDelta; // xDelta = new_pos - current_pos
int xNewPos; // new position
int yDelta = 0;
switch (LOWORD(wParam))
{
// User clicked the scroll bar shaft left of the scroll box.
case SB_PAGEUP:
xNewPos = xCurrentScroll - 50;
break;
// User clicked the scroll bar shaft right of the scroll box.
case SB_PAGEDOWN:
xNewPos = xCurrentScroll + 50;
break;
// User clicked the left arrow.
case SB_LINEUP:
xNewPos = xCurrentScroll - 5;
break;
// User clicked the right arrow.
case SB_LINEDOWN:
xNewPos = xCurrentScroll + 5;
break;
// User dragged the scroll box.
case SB_THUMBPOSITION:
xNewPos = HIWORD(wParam);
break;
default:
xNewPos = xCurrentScroll;
}
// New position must be between 0 and the screen width.
xNewPos = max(0, xNewPos);
xNewPos = min(xMaxScroll, xNewPos);
// If the current position does not change, do not scroll.
if (xNewPos == xCurrentScroll)
break;
// Set the scroll flag to TRUE.
fScroll = TRUE;
// Determine the amount scrolled (in pixels).
xDelta = xNewPos - xCurrentScroll;
// Reset the current scroll position.
xCurrentScroll = xNewPos;
// Scroll the window. (The system repaints most of the
// client area when ScrollWindowEx is called; however, it is
// necessary to call UpdateWindow in order to repaint the
// rectangle of pixels that were invalidated.)
ScrollWindowEx(hwnd, -xDelta, -yDelta, (CONST RECT *) NULL,
(CONST RECT *) NULL, (HRGN) NULL, (PRECT) NULL,
SW_INVALIDATE);
UpdateWindow(hwnd);
// Reset the scroll bar.
si.cbSize = sizeof(si);
si.fMask = SIF_POS;
si.nPos = xCurrentScroll;
SetScrollInfo(hwnd, SB_HORZ, &si, TRUE);
break;
}
case WM_VSCROLL:
{
int xDelta = 0;
int yDelta; // yDelta = new_pos - current_pos
int yNewPos; // new position
switch (LOWORD(wParam))
{
// User clicked the scroll bar shaft above the scroll box.
case SB_PAGEUP:
yNewPos = yCurrentScroll - 50;
break;
// User clicked the scroll bar shaft below the scroll box.
case SB_PAGEDOWN:
yNewPos = yCurrentScroll + 50;
break;
// User clicked the top arrow.
case SB_LINEUP:
yNewPos = yCurrentScroll - 5;
break;
// User clicked the bottom arrow.
case SB_LINEDOWN:
yNewPos = yCurrentScroll + 5;
break;
// User dragged the scroll box.
case SB_THUMBPOSITION:
yNewPos = HIWORD(wParam);
break;
default:
yNewPos = yCurrentScroll;
}
// New position must be between 0 and the screen height.
yNewPos = max(0, yNewPos);
yNewPos = min(yMaxScroll, yNewPos);
// If the current position does not change, do not scroll.
if (yNewPos == yCurrentScroll)
break;
// Set the scroll flag to TRUE.
fScroll = TRUE;
// Determine the amount scrolled (in pixels).
yDelta = yNewPos - yCurrentScroll;
// Reset the current scroll position.
yCurrentScroll = yNewPos;
// Scroll the window. (The system repaints most of the
// client area when ScrollWindowEx is called; however, it is
// necessary to call UpdateWindow in order to repaint the
// rectangle of pixels that were invalidated.)
ScrollWindowEx(hwnd, -xDelta, -yDelta, (CONST RECT *) NULL,
(CONST RECT *) NULL, (HRGN) NULL, (PRECT) NULL,
SW_INVALIDATE);
UpdateWindow(hwnd);
// Reset the scroll bar.
si.cbSize = sizeof(si);
si.fMask = SIF_POS;
si.nPos = yCurrentScroll;
SetScrollInfo(hwnd, SB_VERT, &si, TRUE);
break;
}
case WM_RBUTTONDOWN:
{
// Get the compatible DC of the client area.
hdcWin = GetDC(hwnd);
// Fill the client area to remove any existing contents.
RECT rect;
GetClientRect(hwnd, &rect);
FillRect(hdcWin, &rect, (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1));
// Copy the contents of the current screen
// into the compatible DC.
BitBlt(hdcScreenCompat, 0, 0, bmp.bmWidth,
bmp.bmHeight, hdcScreen, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);
// Copy the compatible DC to the client area.
BitBlt(hdcWin, 0, 0, bmp.bmWidth, bmp.bmHeight,
hdcScreenCompat, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);
ReleaseDC(hwnd, hdcWin);
fBlt = TRUE;
break;
}
case WM_DESTROY :
PostQuitMessage (0);
return 0;
}
return DefWindowProc (hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
}
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