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Track asynchronous Azure operations

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Some Azure REST operations run asynchronously because the operation can't be completed quickly. This article describes how to track the status of asynchronous operations through values returned in the response.

Status codes for asynchronous operations

An asynchronous operation initially returns an HTTP status code of either:

  • 201 (Created)
  • 202 (Accepted)

However, that status code doesn't necessarily mean the operation is asynchronous. An asynchronous operation also returns a value for provisioningState that indicates the operation isn't finished. The value can vary by operation but doesn't include Succeeded, Failed, or Canceled. Those three values indicate the operation finished. If no value is returned for provisioningState, the operation finished and succeeded.

When the operation successfully completes, it returns either:

  • 200 (OK)
  • 204 (No Content)

Refer to the REST API documentation to see the responses for the operation you're executing.

After getting the 201 or 202 response code, you're ready to monitor the status of the operation.

URL to monitor status

There are two different ways to monitor the status the asynchronous operation. You determine the correct approach by examining the header values that are returned from your original request. First, look for:

  • Azure-AsyncOperation - URL for checking the ongoing status of the operation. If your operation returns this value, use it to track the status of the operation.
  • Retry-After - The number of seconds to wait before checking the status of the asynchronous operation.

If Azure-AsyncOperation isn't one of the header values, then look for:

  • Location - URL for determining when an operation is completed. Use this value only when Azure-AsyncOperation isn't returned.
  • Retry-After - The number of seconds to wait before checking the status of the asynchronous operation.

When the Retry-after header isn't returned, implement your own retry logic.

Note

Your REST client must accept a minimum URL size of 4 KB for Azure-AsyncOperation and Location.

Permission for tracking async status

To track the status of an asynchronous operation, you need sufficient permission at the level of the resource group. If you only have permission at the level of the resource, you can start the operation but you can't track its status. Permission at the level of the resource group is required because the URL for tracking status isn't scoped to the resource.

For example, to start a virtual machine, you need the Virtual Machine Contributor role for the resource group that contains the virtual machine. The URL for tracking a start request doesn't include the virtual machine in its path.

GET 
https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/{subscription-id}/providers/Microsoft.Compute/locations/{region}/operations/{operation-id}?api-version=2019-12-01

Azure-AsyncOperation request and response

If you have a URL from the Azure-AsyncOperation header value, send a GET request to that URL. Use the value from Retry-After to schedule how often to check the status. You get a response object that indicates the status of the operation. A different response is returned when checking the status of the operation with the Location URL. For more information about the response from a location URL, see Create storage account (202 with Location and Retry-After).

The response properties can vary but always include the status of the asynchronous operation.

{
    "status": "{status-value}"
}

The following example shows other values that might be returned from the operation:

{
    "id": "{resource path from GET operation}",
    "name": "{operation-id}",
    "status" : "Succeeded | Failed | Canceled | {resource provider values}",
    "startTime": "2017-01-06T20:56:36.002812+00:00",
    "endTime": "2017-01-06T20:56:56.002812+00:00",
    "percentComplete": {double between 0 and 100 },
    "properties": {
        /* Specific resource provider values for successful operations */
    },
    "error" : {
        "code": "{error code}",  
        "message": "{error description}"
    }
}

The error object is returned when the status is Failed or Canceled. All other values are optional. The response you receive may look different than the example.

provisioningState values

Operations that create, update, or delete (PUT, PATCH, DELETE) a resource typically return a provisioningState value. When an operation completes, one of following three values is returned:

  • Succeeded
  • Failed
  • Canceled

All other values indicate the operation is still running. The resource provider can return a customized value that indicates its state. For example, you receive Accepted when the request is received and running.

Example requests and responses

Start virtual machine (202 with Azure-AsyncOperation)

This example shows how to determine the status of start operation for virtual machines. The initial request is in the following format:

POST 
https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/{subscription-id}/resourceGroups/{resource-group}/providers/Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/{vm-name}/start?api-version=2019-12-01

It returns status code 202. Among the header values, you see:

Azure-AsyncOperation : https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/{subscription-id}/providers/Microsoft.Compute/locations/{region}/operations/{operation-id}?api-version=2019-12-01

To check the status of the asynchronous operation, send another request to that URL.

GET 
https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/{subscription-id}/providers/Microsoft.Compute/locations/{region}/operations/{operation-id}?api-version=2019-12-01

The response body contains the status of the operation:

{
  "startTime": "2017-01-06T18:58:24.7596323+00:00",
  "status": "InProgress",
  "name": "9a062a88-e463-4697-bef2-fe039df73a02"
}

Deploy resources (201 with Azure-AsyncOperation)

This example shows how to determine the status of deployments operation for deploying resources to Azure. The initial request is in the following format:

PUT
https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/{subscription-id}/resourcegroups/{resource-group}/providers/microsoft.resources/deployments/{deployment-name}?api-version=2020-06-01

It returns status code 201. The body of the response includes:

"provisioningState":"Accepted",

Among the header values, you see:

Azure-AsyncOperation: https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/{subscription-id}/resourcegroups/{resource-group}/providers/Microsoft.Resources/deployments/{deployment-name}/operationStatuses/{operation-id}?api-version=2020-06-01

To check the status of the asynchronous operation, sending another request to that URL.

GET 
https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/{subscription-id}/resourcegroups/{resource-group}/providers/Microsoft.Resources/deployments/{deployment-name}/operationStatuses/{operation-id}?api-version=2020-06-01

The response body contains the status of the operation:

{
    "status": "Running"
}

When the deployment is finished, the response contains:

{
    "status": "Succeeded"
}

Create storage account (202 with Location and Retry-After)

This example shows how to determine the status of the create operation for storage accounts. The initial request is in the following format:

PUT
https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/{subscription-id}/resourceGroups/{resource-group}/providers/Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/{storage-name}?api-version=2019-06-01

And the request body contains properties for the storage account:

{
    "location": "South Central US",
    "properties": {},
    "sku": {
        "name": "Standard_LRS"
    },
    "kind": "Storage"
}

It returns status code 202. Among the header values, you see the following two values:

Location: https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/{subscription-id}/providers/Microsoft.Storage/operations/{operation-id}?monitor=true&api-version=2019-06-01
Retry-After: 17

After waiting for number of seconds specified in Retry-After, check the status of the asynchronous operation by sending another request to that URL.

GET 
https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/{subscription-id}/providers/Microsoft.Storage/operations/{operation-id}?monitor=true&api-version=2019-06-01

If the request is still running, you receive a status code 202. If the request is completed, your receive a status code 200. The body of the response contains the properties of the storage account that was created.

Next steps