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How to create custom machine configuration policy definitions

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Before you begin, it's a good idea to read the overview page for machine configuration, and the details about machine configuration's remediation options.

Important

The machine configuration extension is required for Azure virtual machines. To deploy the extension at scale across all machines, assign the following policy initiative: Deploy prerequisites to enable machine configuration policies on virtual machines

To use machine configuration packages that apply configurations, Azure VM guest configuration extension version 1.26.24 or later, or Arc agent 1.10.0 or later, is required.

Custom machine configuration policy definitions using either AuditIfNotExists or DeployIfNotExists are in Generally Available (GA) support status.

Use the following steps to create your own policies that audit compliance or manage the state of Azure or Arc-enabled machines.

Install PowerShell 7 and required PowerShell modules

First, set up a machine configuration authoring environment to install the required version of PowerShell for your OS and the GuestConfiguration module.

Create and publish a machine configuration package artifact

If you haven't already, create and publish a custom machine configuration package by following the steps in How to create custom machine configuration package artifacts. Then validate the package in your development environment by following the steps in How to test machine configuration package artifacts.

Note

The example code in this article references the $contentUri variable. If you're using the same PowerShell session as the earlier tutorials for creating and testing your package artifacts, that variable may already have the URI to your package.

If you don't have the $contentUri variable set to the URI for your package in your PowerShell session, you need to set it. This example uses a storage account's connection string and the New-AzStorageContext cmdlet to create a storage context. Then it gets the storage blob for the published package and uses that object's properties to get the content URI.

$connectionString = '<storage-account-connection-string>'
$context = New-AzStorageContext -ConnectionString $connectionString
$getParams = @{
    Context   = $context
    Container = '<container-name>'
    Blob      = '<published-package-file-name>'
}
$blob = Get-AzStorageBlob @getParams
$contentUri = $blob.ICloudBlob.Uri.AbsoluteUri

Policy requirements for machine configuration

The policy definition metadata section must include two properties for the machine configuration service to automate provisioning and reporting of guest configuration assignments. The category property must be set to Guest Configuration and a section named guestConfiguration must contain information about the machine configuration assignment. The New-GuestConfigurationPolicy cmdlet creates this text automatically.

The following example demonstrates the metadata section that's automatically created by New-GuestConfigurationPolicy.

"metadata": {
    "category": "Guest Configuration",
    "guestConfiguration": {
        "name": "test",
        "version": "1.0.0",
        "contentType": "Custom",
        "contentUri": "CUSTOM-URI-HERE",
        "contentHash": "CUSTOM-HASH-VALUE-HERE",
        "configurationParameter": {}
    }
}

If the definition effect is set to DeployIfNotExists, the then section must contain deployment details about a machine configuration assignment. The New-GuestConfigurationPolicy cmdlet creates this text automatically.

Create an Azure Policy definition

Once a machine configuration custom policy package has been created and uploaded, create the machine configuration policy definition. The New-GuestConfigurationPolicy cmdlet takes a custom policy package and creates a policy definition.

The PolicyId parameter of New-GuestConfigurationPolicy requires a unique string. A globally unique identifier (GUID) is required. For new definitions, generate a new GUID using the New-GUID cmdlet. When making updates to the definition, use the same unique string for PolicyId to ensure the correct definition is updated.

Parameters of the New-GuestConfigurationPolicy cmdlet:

  • PolicyId: A GUID.
  • ContentUri: Public HTTP(s) URI of machine configuration content package.
  • DisplayName: Policy display name.
  • Description: Policy description.
  • Parameter: Policy parameters provided in a hash table.
  • PolicyVersion: Policy version.
  • Path: Destination path where policy definitions are created. Don't specify this parameter as the path to a local copy of the package.
  • Platform: Target platform (Windows/Linux) for machine configuration policy and content package.
  • Mode: (case sensitive: ApplyAndMonitor, ApplyAndAutoCorrect, Audit) choose if the policy should audit or deploy the configuration. The default is Audit.
  • Tag: Adds one or more tag filters to the policy definition.
  • Category: Sets the category metadata field in the policy definition.
  • LocalContentPath: The path to the local copy of the .zip Machine Configuration package file. This parameter is required if you're using a User Assigned Managed Identity to provide access to an Azure Storge blob.
  • ManagedIdentityResourceId: The resourceId of the User Assigned Managed Identity that has read access to the Azure Storage blob containing the .zip Machine Configuration package file. This parameter is required if you're using a User Assigned Managed Identity to provide access to an Azure Storge blob.
  • ExcludeArcMachines: Specifies that the Policy definition should exclude Arc machines. This parameter is required if you are using a User Assigned Managed Identity to provide access to an Azure Storge blob.

Important

Unlike Azure VMs, Arc-connected machines currently do not support User Assigned Managed Identities. As a result, the -ExcludeArcMachines flag is required to ensure the exclusion of those machines from the policy definition. For the Azure VM to download the assigned package and apply the policy, the Guest Configuration Agent must be version 1.29.82.0 or higher for Windows and version 1.26.76.0 or higher for Linux.

For more information about the Mode parameter, see the page How to configure remediation options for machine configuration.

Create a policy definition that audits using a custom configuration package, in a specified path:

$PolicyConfig      = @{
  PolicyId      = '_My GUID_'
  ContentUri    = $contentUri
  DisplayName   = 'My audit policy'
  Description   = 'My audit policy'
  Path          = './policies/auditIfNotExists.json'
  Platform      = 'Windows'
  PolicyVersion = 1.0.0
}

New-GuestConfigurationPolicy @PolicyConfig

Create a policy definition that enforces a custom configuration package, in a specified path:

$PolicyConfig2      = @{
  PolicyId      = '_My GUID_'
  ContentUri    = $contentUri
  DisplayName   = 'My deployment policy'
  Description   = 'My deployment policy'
  Path          = './policies/deployIfNotExists.json'
  Platform      = 'Windows'
  PolicyVersion = 1.0.0
  Mode          = 'ApplyAndAutoCorrect'
}

New-GuestConfigurationPolicy @PolicyConfig2

Create a policy definition that enforces a custom configuration package using a User-Assigned Managed Identity:

$PolicyConfig3      = @{
  PolicyId                  = '_My GUID_'
  ContentUri                = $contentUri
  DisplayName               = 'My deployment policy'
  Description               = 'My deployment policy'
  Path                      = './policies/deployIfNotExists.json'
  Platform                  = 'Windows'
  PolicyVersion             = 1.0.0
  Mode                      = 'ApplyAndAutoCorrect'
  LocalContentPath          = "C:\Local\Path\To\Package"      # Required parameter for managed identity
  ManagedIdentityResourceId = "/subscriptions/{subscriptionId}/resourceGroups/{resourceGroupName}/providers/Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/{identityName}" # Required parameter for managed identity
}

New-GuestConfigurationPolicy @PolicyConfig3 -ExcludeArcMachines

Note

You can retrieve the resorceId of a managed identity using the Get-AzUserAssignedIdentity PowerShell cmdlet.

The cmdlet output returns an object containing the definition display name and path of the policy files. Definition JSON files that create audit policy definitions have the name auditIfNotExists.json and files that create policy definitions to apply configurations have the name deployIfNotExists.json.

Filtering machine configuration policies using tags

The policy definitions created by cmdlets in the GuestConfiguration module can optionally include a filter for tags. The Tag parameter of New-GuestConfigurationPolicy supports an array of hash tables containing individual tag entries. The tags are added to the if section of the policy definition and can't be modified by a policy assignment.

An example snippet of a policy definition that filters for tags follows.

"if": {
  "allOf" : [
    {
      "allOf": [
        {
          "field": "tags.Owner",
          "equals": "BusinessUnit"
        },
        {
          "field": "tags.Role",
          "equals": "Web"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      // Original machine configuration content
    }
  ]
}

Using parameters in custom machine configuration policy definitions

Machine configuration supports overriding properties of a DSC Configuration at run time. This feature means that the values in the MOF file in the package don't have to be considered static. The override values are provided through Azure Policy and don't change how the DSC Configurations are authored or compiled.

Machine configuration supports the following value types for parameters:

  • String
  • Boolean
  • Double
  • Float

The cmdlets New-GuestConfigurationPolicy and Get-GuestConfigurationPackageComplianceStatus include a parameter named Parameter. This parameter takes a hash table definition including all details about each parameter and creates the required sections of each file used for the Azure Policy definition.

The following example creates a policy definition to audit a service, where the user selects from a list at the time of policy assignment.

# This DSC resource definition...
Service 'UserSelectedNameExample' {
    Name   = 'ParameterValue'
    Ensure = 'Present'
    State  = 'Running'
}

# ...can be converted to a hash table:
$PolicyParameterInfo     = @(
  @{
    # Policy parameter name (mandatory)
    Name                 = 'ServiceName'
    # Policy parameter display name (mandatory)
    DisplayName          = 'windows service name.'
    # Policy parameter description (optional)
    Description          = 'Name of the windows service to be audited.'
    # DSC configuration resource type (mandatory)
    ResourceType         = 'Service'
    # DSC configuration resource id (mandatory)
    ResourceId           = 'UserSelectedNameExample'
    # DSC configuration resource property name (mandatory)
    ResourcePropertyName = 'Name'
    # Policy parameter default value (optional)
    DefaultValue         = 'winrm'
    # Policy parameter allowed values (optional)
    AllowedValues        = @('BDESVC','TermService','wuauserv','winrm')
  })

# ...and then passed into the `New-GuestConfigurationPolicy` cmdlet
$PolicyParam = @{
  PolicyId      = 'My GUID'
  ContentUri    = $contentUri
  DisplayName   = 'Audit Windows Service.'
  Description   = "Audit if a Windows Service isn't enabled on Windows machine."
  Path          = '.\policies\auditIfNotExists.json'
  Parameter     = $PolicyParameterInfo
  PolicyVersion = 1.0.0
}

New-GuestConfigurationPolicy @PolicyParam

Publish the Azure Policy definition

Finally, you can publish the policy definitions using the New-AzPolicyDefinition cmdlet. The below commands publish your machine configuration policy to the policy center.

To run the New-AzPolicyDefinition command, you need access to create policy definitions in Azure. The specific authorization requirements are documented in the Azure Policy Overview page. The recommended built-in role is Resource Policy Contributor.

New-AzPolicyDefinition -Name 'mypolicydefinition' -Policy '.\policies\auditIfNotExists.json'

Or, if the policy is a deploy if not exist policy (DINE) use this command:

New-AzPolicyDefinition -Name 'mypolicydefinition' -Policy '.\policies\deployIfNotExists.json'

With the policy definition created in Azure, the last step is to assign the definition. See how to assign the definition with Portal, Azure CLI, and Azure PowerShell.

Policy lifecycle

If you would like to release an update to the policy definition, make the change for both the guest configuration package and the Azure Policy definition details.

Note

The version property of the machine configuration assignment only effects packages that are hosted by Microsoft. The best practice for versioning custom content is to include the version in the file name.

First, when running New-GuestConfigurationPackage, specify a name for the package that makes it unique from earlier versions. You can include a version number in the name such as PackageName_1.0.0. The number in this example is only used to make the package unique, not to specify that the package should be considered newer or older than other packages.

Second, update the parameters used with the New-GuestConfigurationPolicy cmdlet following each of the following explanations.

  • Version: When you run the New-GuestConfigurationPolicy cmdlet, you must specify a version number greater than what's currently published.
  • contentUri: When you run the New-GuestConfigurationPolicy cmdlet, you must specify a URI to the location of the package. Including a package version in the file name ensures the value of this property changes in each release.
  • contentHash: The New-GuestConfigurationPolicy cmdlet updates this property automatically. It's a hash value of the package created by New-GuestConfigurationPackage. The property must be correct for the .zip file you publish. If only the contentUri property is updated, the Extension rejects the content package.

The easiest way to release an updated package is to repeat the process described in this article and specify an updated version number. That process guarantees all properties have been correctly updated.

Next steps