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Choosing the right number of fault domains for Virtual Machine Scale Set

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Virtual Machine Scale Sets are created with five fault domains by default in Azure regions with no zones. For the regions that support zonal deployment of Virtual Machine Scale Sets and this option is selected, the default value of the fault domain count is 1 for each of the zones. FD=1 in this case implies that the VM instances belonging to the scale set will be spread across many racks on a best effort basis.

You can also consider aligning the number of scale set fault domains with the number of Managed Disks fault domains. This alignment can help prevent loss of quorum if an entire Managed Disks fault domain goes down. The FD count can be set to less than or equal to the number of Managed Disks fault domains available in each of the regions. Refer to this document to learn about the number of Managed Disks fault domains by region.

REST API

You can set the property properties.platformFaultDomainCount to 1, 2, or 3 (default of 1 if not specified). Refer to the documentation for REST API here.

Azure CLI

Important

Starting November 2023, VM scale sets created using PowerShell and Azure CLI will default to Flexible Orchestration Mode if no orchestration mode is specified. For more information about this change and what actions you should take, go to Breaking Change for VMSS PowerShell/CLI Customers - Microsoft Community Hub

You can set the parameter --platform-fault-domain-count to 1, 2, or 3 (default of 3 if not specified). Refer to the documentation for Azure CLI here.

az vmss create \
  --resource-group myResourceGroup \
  --name myScaleSet \
  --orchestration-mode Flexible \
  --image Ubuntu2204 \
  --admin-username azureuser \
  --platform-fault-domain-count 3\
  --generate-ssh-keys

It takes a few minutes to create and configure all the scale set resources and VMs.

Next steps