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sys.dm_exec_sessions (Transact-SQL)

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Applies to: SQL Server Azure SQL Database Azure SQL Managed Instance Azure Synapse Analytics Analytics Platform System (PDW) SQL analytics endpoint in Microsoft Fabric Warehouse in Microsoft Fabric

Returns one row per authenticated session on SQL Server. sys.dm_exec_sessions is a server-scope view that shows information about all active user connections and internal tasks. This information includes client version, client program name, client login time, login user, current session setting, and more. Use sys.dm_exec_sessions to first view the current system load and to identify a session of interest, and then learn more information about that session by using other dynamic management views or dynamic management functions.

The sys.dm_exec_connections, sys.dm_exec_sessions, and sys.dm_exec_requests dynamic management views map to the deprecated sys.sysprocesses system compatibility view.

Note

To call this from dedicated SQL pool in Azure Synapse Analytics or Analytics Platform System (PDW), see sys.dm_pdw_nodes_exec_sessions. For serverless SQL pool or Microsoft Fabric use sys.dm_exec_sessions.

Column name Data type Description and version-specific information
session_id smallint Identifies the session associated with each active primary connection. Not nullable.
login_time datetime Time when session was established. Not nullable. Sessions that haven't completely logged in at the time this DMV is queried, are shown with a login time of 1900-01-01.
host_name nvarchar(128) Name of the client workstation that is specific to a session. The value is NULL for internal sessions. Nullable.

Security note: The client application provides the workstation name and can provide inaccurate data. Don't rely on HOST_NAME as a security feature.
program_name nvarchar(128) Name of client program that initiated the session. The value is NULL for internal sessions. Nullable.
host_process_id int Process ID of the client program that initiated the session. The value is NULL for internal sessions. Nullable.
client_version int TDS protocol version of the interface that is used by the client to connect to the server. The value is NULL for internal sessions. Nullable.
client_interface_name nvarchar(32) Name of library/driver being used by the client to communicate with the server. The value is NULL for internal sessions. Nullable.
security_id varbinary(85) Windows security ID associated with the login. Not nullable.
login_name nvarchar(128) SQL Server login name under which the session is currently executing. For the original login name that created the session, see original_login_name. Can be a SQL Server authenticated login name or a Windows authenticated domain user name. Not nullable.
nt_domain nvarchar(128) Windows domain for the client if the session is using Windows Authentication or a trusted connection. This value is NULL for internal sessions and non-domain users. Nullable.
nt_user_name nvarchar(128) Windows user name for the client if the session is using Windows Authentication or a trusted connection. This value is NULL for internal sessions and non-domain users. Nullable.
status nvarchar(30) Status of the session. Possible values:

Running - Currently running one or more requests
Sleeping - Currently running no requests
Dormant - Session was reset because of connection pooling and is now in prelogin state.
Preconnect - Session is in the Resource Governor classifier.

Not nullable.
context_info varbinary(128) CONTEXT_INFO value for the session. The context information is set by the user by using the SET CONTEXT_INFO statement. Nullable.
cpu_time int CPU time, in milliseconds, used by this session. Not nullable.
memory_usage int Number of 8-KB pages of memory used by this session. Not nullable.
total_scheduled_time int Total time, in milliseconds, for which the session (requests within) were scheduled for execution. Not nullable.
total_elapsed_time int Time, in milliseconds, since the session was established. Not nullable.
endpoint_id int ID of the endpoint associated with the session. Not nullable.
last_request_start_time datetime Time at which the last request on the session began. This time includes the currently executing request. Not nullable.
last_request_end_time datetime Time of the last completion of a request on the session. Nullable.
reads bigint Number of reads performed, by requests in this session, during this session. Not nullable.
writes bigint Number of writes performed, by requests in this session, during this session. Not nullable.
logical_reads bigint Number of logical reads performed, by requests in this session, during this session. Not nullable.
is_user_process bit 0 if the session is a system session. Otherwise, it's 1. Not nullable.
text_size int TEXTSIZE setting for the session. Not nullable.
language nvarchar(128) LANGUAGE setting for the session. Nullable.
date_format nvarchar(3) DATEFORMAT setting for the session. Nullable.
date_first smallint DATEFIRST setting for the session. Not nullable.
quoted_identifier bit QUOTED_IDENTIFIER setting for the session. Not nullable.
arithabort bit ARITHABORT setting for the session. Not nullable.
ansi_null_dflt_on bit ANSI_NULL_DFLT_ON setting for the session. Not nullable.
ansi_defaults bit ANSI_DEFAULTS setting for the session. Not nullable.
ansi_warnings bit ANSI_WARNINGS setting for the session. Not nullable.
ansi_padding bit ANSI_PADDING setting for the session. Not nullable.
ansi_nulls bit ANSI_NULLS setting for the session. Not nullable.
concat_null_yields_null bit CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL setting for the session. Not nullable.
transaction_isolation_level smallint Transaction isolation level of the session.

0 = Unspecified
1 = ReadUncommitted
2 = ReadCommitted
3 = RepeatableRead
4 = Serializable
5 = Snapshot

Not nullable.
lock_timeout int LOCK_TIMEOUT setting for the session. The value is in milliseconds. Not nullable.
deadlock_priority int DEADLOCK_PRIORITY setting for the session. Not nullable.
row_count bigint Number of rows returned on the session up to this point. Not nullable.
prev_error int ID of the last error returned on the session. Not nullable.
original_security_id varbinary(85) Windows security ID that is associated with the original_login_name. Not nullable.
original_login_name nvarchar(128) SQL Server login name that the client used to create this session. Can be a SQL Server authenticated login name, a Windows authenticated domain user name, or a contained database user. The session could have gone through many implicit or explicit context switches after the initial connection, for example, if EXECUTE AS is used. Not nullable.
last_successful_logon datetime Time of the last successful logon for the original_login_name before the current session started.
last_unsuccessful_logon datetime Time of the last unsuccessful logon attempt for the original_login_name before the current session started.
unsuccessful_logons bigint Number of unsuccessful logon attempts for the original_login_name between the last_successful_logon and login_time.
group_id int ID of the workload group to which this session belongs. Not nullable.
database_id smallint ID of the current database for each session.

In Azure SQL Database, the values are unique within a single database or an elastic pool, but not within a logical server.

Applies to: SQL Server 2012 (11.x) and later versions.
authenticating_database_id int ID of the database authenticating the principal. For logins, the value is 0. For contained database users, the value is the database ID of the contained database.

Applies to: SQL Server 2012 (11.x) and later versions.
open_transaction_count int Number of open transactions per session.

Applies to: SQL Server 2012 (11.x) and later versions.
pdw_node_id int The identifier for the node that this distribution is on.

Applies to: Azure Synapse Analytics, and Analytics Platform System (PDW).
page_server_reads bigint Number of page server reads performed, by requests in this session, during this session. Not nullable.

Applies to: Azure SQL Database Hyperscale.

Permissions

Everyone can see their own session information.

In SQL Server 2019 (15.x) and earlier versions, requires VIEW SERVER STATE to see all sessions on the server. In SQL Server 2022 (16.x) and later versions, requires VIEW SERVER PERFORMANCE STATE permission on the server.

In SQL Database, requires VIEW DATABASE STATE to see all connections to the current database. VIEW DATABASE STATE can't be granted in the master database.

Remarks

When the common criteria compliance enabled server configuration option is enabled, logon statistics are displayed in the following columns.

  • last_successful_logon
  • last_unsuccessful_logon
  • unsuccessful_logons

If this option isn't enabled, these columns return null values. For more information about how to set this server configuration option, see Server configuration: common criteria compliance enabled.

The admin connections on Azure SQL Database see one row per authenticated session. The sa sessions that appear in the resultset, don't have any effect on the user quota for sessions. The non-admin connections only see information related to their database user sessions.

Because of differences in how they're recorded, open_transaction_count might not match sys.dm_tran_session_transactions.open_transaction_count.

Relationship cardinalities

From To On/Apply Relationship
sys.dm_exec_sessions sys.dm_exec_requests session_id One-to-zero or one-to-many
sys.dm_exec_sessions sys.dm_exec_connections session_id One-to-zero or one-to-many
sys.dm_exec_sessions sys.dm_tran_session_transactions session_id One-to-zero or one-to-many
sys.dm_exec_sessions sys.dm_exec_cursors (session_id | 0) session_id CROSS APPLY

OUTER APPLY		 One-to-zero or one-to-many
sys.dm_exec_sessions sys.dm_db_session_space_usage session_id One-to-one

Examples

A. Find users that are connected to the server

The following example finds the users that are connected to the server and returns the number of sessions for each user.

SELECT login_name,
    COUNT(session_id) AS session_count
FROM sys.dm_exec_sessions
GROUP BY login_name;

B. Find long-running cursors

The following example finds the cursors that were open for more than a specific period of time, who created the cursors, and what session the cursors are on.

USE master;
GO

SELECT creation_time,
    cursor_id,
    name,
    c.session_id,
    login_name
FROM sys.dm_exec_cursors(0) AS c
INNER JOIN sys.dm_exec_sessions AS s
    ON c.session_id = s.session_id
WHERE DATEDIFF(mi, c.creation_time, GETDATE()) > 5;
GO

C. Find idle sessions that have open transactions

The following example finds sessions that have open transactions and are idle. An idle session is one that has no request currently running.

SELECT s.*
FROM sys.dm_exec_sessions AS s
WHERE EXISTS (
        SELECT *
        FROM sys.dm_tran_session_transactions AS t
        WHERE t.session_id = s.session_id
    )
    AND NOT EXISTS (
        SELECT *
        FROM sys.dm_exec_requests AS r
        WHERE r.session_id = s.session_id
    );

D. Find information about a query's own connection

The following example gathers information about a query's own connection:

SELECT c.session_id,
    c.net_transport,
    c.encrypt_option,
    c.auth_scheme,
    s.host_name,
    s.program_name,
    s.client_interface_name,
    s.login_name,
    s.nt_domain,
    s.nt_user_name,
    s.original_login_name,
    c.connect_time,
    s.login_time
FROM sys.dm_exec_connections AS c
INNER JOIN sys.dm_exec_sessions AS s
    ON c.session_id = s.session_id
WHERE c.session_id = @@SPID;

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