List<T>.Find(Predicate<T>) メソッド
定義
重要
一部の情報は、リリース前に大きく変更される可能性があるプレリリースされた製品に関するものです。 Microsoft は、ここに記載されている情報について、明示または黙示を問わず、一切保証しません。
指定された述語によって定義された条件と一致する要素を検索し、List<T> 全体の中で最もインデックス番号の小さい要素を返します。
public:
T Find(Predicate<T> ^ match);public T Find (Predicate<T> match);public T? Find (Predicate<T> match);member this.Find : Predicate<'T> -> 'TPublic Function Find (match As Predicate(Of T)) As Tパラメーター
- match
- Predicate<T>
検索する要素の条件を定義する Predicate<T> デリゲート。
戻り値
T
見つかった場合は、指定された述語によって定義された条件と一致する最初の要素。それ以外の場合は、型 T の既定値。
例外
match が nullです。
例
次の例では、 Find 単純な複合オブジェクトを含む の メソッド List<T> を示します。
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
// Simple business object. A PartId is used to identify a part
// but the part name can change.
public class Part : IEquatable<Part>
{
public string PartName { get; set; }
public int PartId { get; set; }
public override string ToString()
{
return "ID: " + PartId + " Name: " + PartName;
}
public override bool Equals(object obj)
{
if (obj == null) return false;
Part objAsPart = obj as Part;
if (objAsPart == null) return false;
else return Equals(objAsPart);
}
public override int GetHashCode()
{
return PartId;
}
public bool Equals(Part other)
{
if (other == null) return false;
return (this.PartId.Equals(other.PartId));
}
// Should also override == and != operators.
}
public class Example
{
public static void Main()
{
// Create a list of parts.
List<Part> parts = new List<Part>();
// Add parts to the list.
parts.Add(new Part() { PartName = "crank arm", PartId = 1234 });
parts.Add(new Part() { PartName = "chain ring", PartId = 1334 });
parts.Add(new Part() { PartName = "regular seat", PartId = 1434 });
parts.Add(new Part() { PartName = "banana seat", PartId = 1444 });
parts.Add(new Part() { PartName = "cassette", PartId = 1534 });
parts.Add(new Part() { PartName = "shift lever", PartId = 1634 }); ;
// Write out the parts in the list. This will call the overridden ToString method
// in the Part class.
Console.WriteLine();
foreach (Part aPart in parts)
{
Console.WriteLine(aPart);
}
// Check the list for part #1734. This calls the IEquatable.Equals method
// of the Part class, which checks the PartId for equality.
Console.WriteLine("\nContains: Part with Id=1734: {0}",
parts.Contains(new Part { PartId = 1734, PartName = "" }));
// Find items where name contains "seat".
Console.WriteLine("\nFind: Part where name contains \"seat\": {0}",
parts.Find(x => x.PartName.Contains("seat")));
// Check if an item with Id 1444 exists.
Console.WriteLine("\nExists: Part with Id=1444: {0}",
parts.Exists(x => x.PartId == 1444));
/*This code example produces the following output:
ID: 1234 Name: crank arm
ID: 1334 Name: chain ring
ID: 1434 Name: regular seat
ID: 1444 Name: banana seat
ID: 1534 Name: cassette
ID: 1634 Name: shift lever
Contains: Part with Id=1734: False
Find: Part where name contains "seat": ID: 1434 Name: regular seat
Exists: Part with Id=1444: True
*/
}
}
Imports System.Collections.Generic
' Simple business object. A PartId is used to identify a part
' but the part name can change.
Public Class Part
Implements IEquatable(Of Part)
Public Property PartName() As String
Get
Return m_PartName
End Get
Set(value As String)
m_PartName = Value
End Set
End Property
Private m_PartName As String
Public Property PartId() As Integer
Get
Return m_PartId
End Get
Set(value As Integer)
m_PartId = Value
End Set
End Property
Private m_PartId As Integer
Public Overrides Function ToString() As String
Return Convert.ToString("ID: " & PartId & " Name: ") & PartName
End Function
Public Overrides Function Equals(obj As Object) As Boolean
If obj Is Nothing Then
Return False
End If
Dim objAsPart As Part = TryCast(obj, Part)
If objAsPart Is Nothing Then
Return False
Else
Return Equals(objAsPart)
End If
End Function
Public Overrides Function GetHashCode() As Integer
Return PartId
End Function
Public Overloads Function Equals(other As Part) As Boolean _
Implements IEquatable(Of Part).Equals
If other Is Nothing Then
Return False
End If
Return (Me.PartId.Equals(other.PartId))
End Function
' Should also override == and != operators.
End Class
Public Class Example
Public Shared Sub Main()
' Create a list of parts.
Dim parts As New List(Of Part)()
' Add parts to the list.
parts.Add(New Part() With { _
.PartName = "crank arm", _
.PartId = 1234 _
})
parts.Add(New Part() With { _
.PartName = "chain ring", _
.PartId = 1334 _
})
parts.Add(New Part() With { _
.PartName = "regular seat", _
.PartId = 1434 _
})
parts.Add(New Part() With { _
.PartName = "banana seat", _
.PartId = 1444 _
})
parts.Add(New Part() With { _
.PartName = "cassette", _
.PartId = 1534 _
})
parts.Add(New Part() With { _
.PartName = "shift lever", _
.PartId = 1634 _
})
' Write out the parts in the list. This will call the overridden ToString method
' in the Part class.
Console.WriteLine()
For Each aPart As Part In parts
Console.WriteLine(aPart)
Next
' Check the list for part #1734. This calls the IEquatable.Equals method
' of the Part class, which checks the PartId for equality.
Console.WriteLine(vbLf & "Contains: Part with Id=1734: {0}",
parts.Contains(New Part() With { _
.PartId = 1734, _
.PartName = "" _
}))
' Find items where name contains "seat".
Console.WriteLine(vbLf & "Find: Part where name contains ""seat"": {0}",
parts.Find(Function(x) x.PartName.Contains("seat")))
' Check if an item with Id 1444 exists.
Console.WriteLine(vbLf & "Exists: Part with Id=1444: {0}",
parts.Exists(Function(x) x.PartId = 1444))
'This code example produces the following output:
'
' ID: 1234 Name: crank arm
' ID: 1334 Name: chain ring
' ID: 1434 Name: regular seat
' ID: 1444 Name: banana seat
' ID: 1534 Name: cassette
' ID: 1634 Name: shift lever
'
' Contains: Part with Id=1734: False
'
' Find: Part where name contains "seat": ID: 1434 Name: regular seat
'
' Exists: Part with Id=1444: True
'
End Sub
End Class
次の例では、 クラスの find メソッドを List<T> 示します。 クラスのList<T>例には、サンプル XML ファイル: Books (LINQ to XML) のデータを使用して、 クラスBookの オブジェクトが含まれていますbook。 この例の メソッドではFillList、LINQ to XMLを使用して、XML の値をオブジェクトのbookプロパティ値に解析します。
次の表に、find メソッドの例を示します。
| Method | 例 |
|---|---|
| Find(Predicate<T>) | 述語デリゲートを使用して、ID で書籍を IDToFind 検索します。C# の例では匿名デリゲートを使用します。 |
| FindAll(Predicate<T>) | 述語デリゲートを使用して、プロパティが Genre "Computer" であるすべての書籍を FindComputer 検索します。 |
| FindLast(Predicate<T>) | 述語デリゲートを使用して、発行日が 2001 より前のコレクション内の最後の書籍を PubBefore2001 検索します。C# の例では匿名デリゲートを使用します。 |
| FindIndex(Predicate<T>) | 述語デリゲートを使用して、最初のコンピューター ブックのインデックスを FindComputer 検索します。 |
| FindLastIndex(Predicate<T>) | 述語デリゲートを使用して、最後のコンピューター ブックのインデックスを FindComputer 検索します。 |
| FindIndex(Int32, Int32, Predicate<T>) | 述語デリゲートを使用して、コレクションの後半で最初のコンピューター ブックのインデックスを FindComputer 検索します。 |
| FindLastIndex(Int32, Int32, Predicate<T>) | 述語デリゲートを使用して、コレクションの後半にある最後のコンピューター ブックのインデックスを FindComputer 検索します。 |
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Xml.Linq;
namespace Find
{
class Program
{
private static string IDtoFind = "bk109";
private static List<Book> Books = new List<Book>();
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
FillList();
// Find a book by its ID.
Book result = Books.Find(
delegate(Book bk)
{
return bk.ID == IDtoFind;
}
);
if (result != null)
{
DisplayResult(result, "Find by ID: " + IDtoFind);
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("\nNot found: {0}", IDtoFind);
}
// Find last book in collection published before 2001.
result = Books.FindLast(
delegate(Book bk)
{
DateTime year2001 = new DateTime(2001,01,01);
return bk.Publish_date < year2001;
});
if (result != null)
{
DisplayResult(result, "Last book in collection published before 2001:");
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("\nNot found: {0}", IDtoFind);
}
// Find all computer books.
List<Book> results = Books.FindAll(FindComputer);
if (results.Count != 0)
{
DisplayResults(results, "All computer:");
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("\nNo books found.");
}
// Find all books under $10.00.
results = Books.FindAll(
delegate(Book bk)
{
return bk.Price < 10.00;
}
);
if (results.Count != 0)
{
DisplayResults(results, "Books under $10:");
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("\nNo books found.");
}
// Find index values.
Console.WriteLine();
int ndx = Books.FindIndex(FindComputer);
Console.WriteLine("Index of first computer book: {0}", ndx);
ndx = Books.FindLastIndex(FindComputer);
Console.WriteLine("Index of last computer book: {0}", ndx);
int mid = Books.Count / 2;
ndx = Books.FindIndex(mid, mid, FindComputer);
Console.WriteLine("Index of first computer book in the second half of the collection: {0}", ndx);
ndx = Books.FindLastIndex(Books.Count - 1, mid, FindComputer);
Console.WriteLine("Index of last computer book in the second half of the collection: {0}", ndx);
}
// Populates the list with sample data.
private static void FillList()
{
// Create XML elements from a source file.
XElement xTree = XElement.Load(@"c:\temp\books.xml");
// Create an enumerable collection of the elements.
IEnumerable<XElement> elements = xTree.Elements();
// Evaluate each element and set set values in the book object.
foreach (XElement el in elements)
{
Book book = new Book();
book.ID = el.Attribute("id").Value;
IEnumerable<XElement> props = el.Elements();
foreach (XElement p in props)
{
if (p.Name.ToString().ToLower() == "author")
{
book.Author = p.Value;
}
else if (p.Name.ToString().ToLower() == "title")
{
book.Title = p.Value;
}
else if (p.Name.ToString().ToLower() == "genre")
{
book.Genre = p.Value;
}
else if (p.Name.ToString().ToLower() == "price")
{
book.Price = Convert.ToDouble(p.Value);
}
else if (p.Name.ToString().ToLower() == "publish_date")
{
book.Publish_date = Convert.ToDateTime(p.Value);
}
else if (p.Name.ToString().ToLower() == "description")
{
book.Description = p.Value;
}
}
Books.Add(book);
}
DisplayResults(Books, "All books:");
}
// Explicit predicate delegate.
private static bool FindComputer(Book bk)
{
if (bk.Genre == "Computer")
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
private static void DisplayResult(Book result, string title)
{
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(title);
Console.WriteLine("\n{0}\t{1}\t{2}\t{3}\t{4}\t{5}", result.ID,
result.Author, result.Title, result.Genre, result.Price,
result.Publish_date.ToShortDateString());
Console.WriteLine();
}
private static void DisplayResults(List<Book> results, string title)
{
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(title);
foreach (Book b in results)
{
Console.Write("\n{0}\t{1}\t{2}\t{3}\t{4}\t{5}", b.ID,
b.Author, b.Title, b.Genre, b.Price,
b.Publish_date.ToShortDateString());
}
Console.WriteLine();
}
}
public class Book
{
public string ID { get; set; }
public string Author { get; set; }
public string Title { get; set; }
public string Genre { get; set; }
public double Price { get; set; }
public DateTime Publish_date { get; set; }
public string Description { get; set; }
}
}
Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.Linq
Imports System.Xml.Linq
Module Module1
Private IDToFind As String = "bk109"
Public Books As New List(Of Book)
Sub Main()
FillList()
' Find a book by its ID.
Dim result As Book = Books.Find(AddressOf FindID)
If result IsNot Nothing Then
DisplayResult(result, "Find by ID: " & IDToFind)
Else
Console.WriteLine(vbCrLf & "Not found: " & IDToFind)
End If
Console.WriteLine()
' Find last book in collection that has a publish date before 2001.
result = Books.FindLast(AddressOf PubBefore2001)
If result IsNot Nothing Then
DisplayResult(result, "Last book in collection published before 2001:")
Else
Console.WriteLine(vbCrLf & "Not found: " & IDToFind)
End If
Console.WriteLine()
' Find all computer books.
Dim results As List(Of Book) = Books.FindAll(AddressOf FindComputer)
If results.Count <> 0 Then
DisplayResults(results, "All computer books:")
Else
Console.WriteLine(vbCrLf & "No books found.")
End If
Console.WriteLine()
' Find all books under $10.00.
results = Books.FindAll(AddressOf FindUnderTen)
If results.Count <> 0 Then
DisplayResults(results, "Books under $10:")
Else
Console.WriteLine(vbCrLf & "No books found.")
End If
Console.WriteLine()
' Find index values.
Console.WriteLine()
Dim ndx As Integer = Books.FindIndex(AddressOf FindComputer)
Console.WriteLine("Index of first computer book: " & ndx)
ndx = Books.FindLastIndex(AddressOf FindComputer)
Console.WriteLine("Index of last computer book: " & ndx)
Dim mid As Integer = Books.Count / 2
ndx = Books.FindIndex(mid, mid, AddressOf FindComputer)
Console.WriteLine("Index of first computer book in the second half of the collection: " & ndx)
ndx = Books.FindLastIndex(Books.Count - 1, mid, AddressOf FindComputer)
Console.WriteLine("Index of last computer book in the second half of the collection: " & ndx)
End Sub
Private Sub FillList()
' Create XML elements from a source file.
Dim xTree As XElement = XElement.Load("c:\temp\books.xml")
' Create an enumerable collection of the elements.
Dim elements As IEnumerable(Of XElement) = xTree.Elements
' Evaluate each element and set values in the book object.
For Each el As XElement In elements
Dim Book As New Book()
Book.ID = el.Attribute("id").Value
Dim props As IEnumerable(Of XElement) = el.Elements
For Each p As XElement In props
If p.Name.ToString.ToLower = "author" Then
Book.Author = p.Value
End If
If p.Name.ToString.ToLower = "title" Then
Book.Title = p.Value
End If
If p.Name.ToString.ToLower = "genre" Then
Book.Genre = p.Value
End If
If p.Name.ToString.ToLower = "price" Then
Book.Price = Convert.ToDouble(p.Value)
End If
If p.Name.ToString.ToLower = "publish_date" Then
Book.Publish_date = Convert.ToDateTime(p.Value)
End If
If p.Name.ToString.ToLower = "description" Then
Book.Description = p.Value
End If
Next
Books.Add(Book)
Next
DisplayResults(Books, "All books:")
Console.WriteLine()
End Sub
' Predicate delegates for
' Find and FindAll methods.
Private Function FindID(ByVal bk As Book) As Boolean
If bk.ID = IDToFind Then
Return True
Else
Return False
End If
End Function
Private Function FindComputer(ByVal bk As Book) As Boolean
If bk.Genre = "Computer" Then
Return True
Else
Return False
End If
End Function
Private Function FindUnderTen(ByVal bk As Book) As Boolean
Dim tendollars As Double = 10.0
If bk.Price < tendollars Then
Return True
Else
Return False
End If
End Function
Private Function PubBefore2001(ByVal bk As Book) As Boolean
Dim year2001 As DateTime = New DateTime(2001, 1, 1)
Return bk.Publish_date < year2001
End Function
Private Sub DisplayResult(ByVal result As Book, ByVal title As String)
Console.WriteLine()
Console.WriteLine(title)
Console.WriteLine(vbLf & result.ID & vbTab & result.Author & _
vbTab & result.Title & vbTab & result.Genre & _
vbTab & result.Publish_date & vbTab & result.Price)
Console.WriteLine()
End Sub
Private Sub DisplayResults(ByVal results As List(Of Book), ByVal title As String)
Console.WriteLine()
Console.WriteLine(title)
For Each b As Book In results
Console.Write(vbLf & b.ID & vbTab & b.Author & _
vbTab & b.Title & vbTab & b.Genre & _
vbTab & b.Publish_date & vbTab & b.Price)
Next
Console.WriteLine()
End Sub
Public Class Book
Public ID As String
Public Author As String
Public Title As String
Public Genre As String
Public Price As Double
Public Publish_date As DateTime
Public Description As String
End Class
End Module
注釈
Predicate<T>は、渡されたオブジェクトがデリゲートで定義されている条件と一致する場合に を返すtrueメソッドへのデリゲートです。 現在 List<T> の 要素は、デリゲートに個別に渡され Predicate<T> 、 で最初の要素から始まり、最後の要素で終わるので List<T>進みます。 一致が見つかると、処理が停止します。
重要
値型を含むリストを検索するときは、型の既定値が検索述語を満たしていないことを確認します。 それ以外の場合は、一致するものが見つからなかったことを示す既定値と、型の既定値を持つリスト要素を区別する方法はありません。 既定値が検索述語を満たす場合は、代わりに メソッドを FindIndex 使用します。
このメソッドは線形検索を実行します。したがって、このメソッドは O(n) 操作であり、 n は Countです。
適用対象
こちらもご覧ください
GitHub で Microsoft と共同作業する
このコンテンツのソースは GitHub にあります。そこで、issue や pull request を作成および確認することもできます。 詳細については、共同作成者ガイドを参照してください。
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