AggregateException.Flatten Method
Definition
Important
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Flattens an AggregateException instances into a single, new instance.
public:
AggregateException ^ Flatten();public AggregateException Flatten ();member this.Flatten : unit -> AggregateExceptionPublic Function Flatten () As AggregateExceptionReturns
A new, flattened AggregateException.
Examples
In the following example, nested AggregateException instances are flattened and handled in just one loop.
using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
public class Example
{
public static void Main()
{
var task1 = Task.Factory.StartNew(() => {
var child1 = Task.Factory.StartNew(() => {
var child2 = Task.Factory.StartNew(() => {
// This exception is nested inside three AggregateExceptions.
throw new CustomException("Attached child2 faulted.");
}, TaskCreationOptions.AttachedToParent);
// This exception is nested inside two AggregateExceptions.
throw new CustomException("Attached child1 faulted.");
}, TaskCreationOptions.AttachedToParent);
});
try {
task1.Wait();
}
catch (AggregateException ae) {
foreach (var e in ae.Flatten().InnerExceptions) {
if (e is CustomException) {
Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
}
else {
throw;
}
}
}
}
}
public class CustomException : Exception
{
public CustomException(String message) : base(message)
{}
}
// The example displays the following output:
// Attached child1 faulted.
// Attached child2 faulted.
open System
open System.Threading.Tasks
type CustomException(message) =
inherit Exception(message)
let task1 =
Task.Factory.StartNew (fun () ->
let child1 =
Task.Factory.StartNew(
(fun () ->
let child2 =
Task.Factory.StartNew(
(fun () -> raise (CustomException "Attached child2 faulted,")),
TaskCreationOptions.AttachedToParent
)
raise (CustomException "Attached child1 faulted.")),
TaskCreationOptions.AttachedToParent
)
()
)
try
task1.Wait()
with
| :? AggregateException as ae ->
for e in ae.Flatten().InnerExceptions do
if e :? CustomException then
printfn "%s" e.Message
else
reraise()
// The example displays the following output:
// Attached child1 faulted.
// Attached child2 faulted.
Imports System.Threading.Tasks
Module Example
Public Sub Main()
Dim task1 = Task.Factory.StartNew(Sub()
Dim child1 = Task.Factory.StartNew(Sub()
Dim child2 = Task.Factory.StartNew(Sub()
Throw New CustomException("Attached child2 faulted.")
End Sub,
TaskCreationOptions.AttachedToParent)
Throw New CustomException("Attached child1 faulted.")
End Sub,
TaskCreationOptions.AttachedToParent)
End Sub)
Try
task1.Wait()
Catch ae As AggregateException
For Each ex In ae.Flatten().InnerExceptions
If TypeOf ex Is CustomException Then
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message)
Else
Throw
End If
Next
End Try
End Sub
End Module
Class CustomException : Inherits Exception
Public Sub New(s As String)
MyBase.New(s)
End Sub
End Class
' The example displays the following output:
' Attached child1 faulted.
' Attached child2 faulted.
You can also use the AggregateException.Flatten method to rethrow the inner exceptions from multiple AggregateException instances thrown by multiple tasks in a single AggregateException instance, as the following example shows.
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
public class Example2
{
public static void Main()
{
try {
ExecuteTasks();
}
catch (AggregateException ae) {
foreach (var e in ae.InnerExceptions) {
Console.WriteLine("{0}:\n {1}", e.GetType().Name, e.Message);
}
}
}
static void ExecuteTasks()
{
// Assume this is a user-entered String.
String path = @"C:\";
List<Task> tasks = new List<Task>();
tasks.Add(Task.Run(() => {
// This should throw an UnauthorizedAccessException.
return Directory.GetFiles(path, "*.txt",
SearchOption.AllDirectories);
}));
tasks.Add(Task.Run(() => {
if (path == @"C:\")
throw new ArgumentException("The system root is not a valid path.");
return new String[] { ".txt", ".dll", ".exe", ".bin", ".dat" };
}));
tasks.Add(Task.Run(() => {
throw new NotImplementedException("This operation has not been implemented.");
}));
try {
Task.WaitAll(tasks.ToArray());
}
catch (AggregateException ae) {
throw ae.Flatten();
}
}
}
// The example displays the following output:
// UnauthorizedAccessException:
// Access to the path 'C:\Documents and Settings' is denied.
// ArgumentException:
// The system root is not a valid path.
// NotImplementedException:
// This operation has not been implemented.
open System
open System.IO
open System.Threading.Tasks
let executeTasks () =
// Assume this is a user-entered String.
let path = @"C:\"
let tasks =
[| Task.Run (fun () ->
// This should throw an UnauthorizedAccessException.
Directory.GetFiles(path, "*.txt", SearchOption.AllDirectories))
:> Task
Task.Run (fun () ->
if path = @"C:\" then
raise (ArgumentException "The system root is not a valid path.")
[| ".txt"; ".dll"; ".exe"; ".bin"; ".dat" |])
:> Task
Task.Run(fun () -> raise (NotImplementedException "This operation has not been implemented")) |]
try
Task.WaitAll(tasks)
with
| :? AggregateException as ae -> raise (ae.Flatten())
try
executeTasks ()
with
| :? AggregateException as ae ->
for e in ae.InnerExceptions do
printfn $"{e.GetType().Name}:\n {e.Message}"
// The example displays the following output:
// UnauthorizedAccessException:
// Access to the path 'C:\Documents and Settings' is denied.
// ArgumentException:
// The system root is not a valid path.
// NotImplementedException:
// This operation has not been implemented.
Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.IO
Imports System.Threading.Tasks
Module Example
Public Sub Main()
Try
ExecuteTasks()
Catch ae As AggregateException
For Each e In ae.InnerExceptions
Console.WriteLine("{0}:{2} {1}", e.GetType().Name, e.Message,
vbCrLf)
Next
End Try
End Sub
Sub ExecuteTasks()
' Assume this is a user-entered String.
Dim path = "C:\"
Dim tasks As New List(Of Task)
tasks.Add(Task.Run(Function()
' This should throw an UnauthorizedAccessException.
Return Directory.GetFiles(path, "*.txt",
SearchOption.AllDirectories)
End Function))
tasks.Add(Task.Run(Function()
If path = "C:\" Then
Throw New ArgumentException("The system root is not a valid path.")
End If
Return { ".txt", ".dll", ".exe", ".bin", ".dat" }
End Function))
tasks.Add(Task.Run(Sub()
Throw New NotImplementedException("This operation has not been implemented.")
End Sub))
Try
Task.WaitAll(tasks.ToArray)
Catch ae As AggregateException
Throw ae.Flatten()
End Try
End Sub
End Module
' The example displays the following output:
' UnauthorizedAccessException:
' Access to the path 'C:\Documents and Settings' is denied.
' ArgumentException:
' The system root is not a valid path.
' NotImplementedException:
' This operation has not been implemented.
Remarks
If a task has an attached child task that throws an exception, that exception is wrapped in an AggregateException exception before it is propagated to the parent task, which wraps that exception in its own AggregateException exception before it propagates it back to the calling thread. In such cases, the InnerExceptions property of the AggregateException exception that is caught by the Task.Wait, Wait, Task.WaitAny or Task.WaitAll method contains one or more AggregateException instances, not the original exceptions that caused the fault. To avoid having to iterate over nested AggregateException exceptions, you can use the Flatten method to remove all the nested AggregateException exceptions, so that the InnerExceptions property of the returned AggregateException object contains the original exceptions.
This method recursively flattens all instances of AggregateException exceptions that are inner exceptions of the current AggregateException instance. The inner exceptions returned in the new AggregateException are the union of all the inner exceptions from exception tree rooted at the current AggregateException instance.
Applies to
See also
.NET