Quick Start: Web API sample (C#)

Straipsnis
10/19/2023

In this quick start you will create a simple console application to connect to your Microsoft Dataverse environment and invoke the Web API WhoAmI Function. This function retrieves information about the logged on Dataverse user. Once you understand the basic functionality described here, you can move onto other Web API operations such as create, retrieve, update, and deletion of Dataverse table rows.

This program will authenticate and use an HttpClient to send a GET request to the WhoAmI Function. The response will be a WhoAmIResponse ComplexType. The program will then display the UserId property value obtained from the response.

Note

This is a very simple example to show how to get connected with a minimum of code.

You can find the complete Visual Studio solution for this .NET 6 project in the PowerApps-Samples repo under dataverse/webapi/C#-NETx/QuickStart. There is also a .NET Framework version of the sample under dataverse/webapi/C#/QuickStart.

Prerequisites

Visual Studio 2022 or later
Internet connection
Valid user account for a Dataverse environment
Url to the Dataverse environment you want to connect with
Basic understanding of the C# language

Note

To authenticate you must have an app registered in Microsoft Entra ID. This quick start example provides an app registration clientid value you can use for the purpose of running sample code published by Microsoft. However, for your own custom applications you must register your apps with AD. More information: Walkthrough: Register an app with Microsoft Entra ID

Create Visual Studio project

Launch Visual Studio 2022 and select Create a new project.
Create a new Console App project.
Configure the project by setting a Location and Project name.
Configure the project by selecting .NET 6.0 (Long Term Support) and Do not use top-level statements. Then click Create.
In Solution Explorer, right-click the project you created and select Manage NuGet Packages... in the context menu. NuGet allows you to bring required assemblies into your project.
Browse for the Microsoft Authentication Library (MSAL) NuGet package named Microsoft.Identity.Client, select it, and then choose Install.

Note

You will be prompted to accept the license terms before installing. Click I Accept in the License Acceptance dialog.

Edit Program.cs

Follow these next steps to add code for the main program.

Replace the entire contents of Program.cs with the following code.

using Microsoft.Identity.Client;  // Microsoft Authentication Library (MSAL)
using System;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Net.Http.Headers;
using System.Text.Json;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace PowerApps.Samples
{
   /// <summary>
   /// Demonstrates Azure authentication and execution of a Dataverse Web API function.
   /// </summary>
   class Program
   {
      static async Task Main()
      {
            // TODO Specify the Dataverse environment name to connect with.
            // See https://learn.microsoft.com/power-apps/developer/data-platform/webapi/compose-http-requests-handle-errors#web-api-url-and-versions
            string resource = "https://<env-name>.api.<region>.dynamics.com";

            // Microsoft Entra ID app registration shared by all Power App samples.
            var clientId = "51f81489-12ee-4a9e-aaae-a2591f45987d";
            var redirectUri = "http://localhost"; // Loopback for the interactive login.

            // For your custom apps, you will need to register them with Microsoft Entra ID yourself.
            // See https://docs.microsoft.com/powerapps/developer/data-platform/walkthrough-register-app-azure-active-directory

            #region Authentication

            var authBuilder = PublicClientApplicationBuilder.Create(clientId)
                           .WithAuthority(AadAuthorityAudience.AzureAdMultipleOrgs)
                           .WithRedirectUri(redirectUri)
                           .Build();
            var scope = resource + "/user_impersonation";
            string[] scopes = { scope };

            AuthenticationResult token =
               await authBuilder.AcquireTokenInteractive(scopes).ExecuteAsync();
            #endregion Authentication

            #region Client configuration

            var client = new HttpClient
            {
               // See https://docs.microsoft.com/powerapps/developer/data-platform/webapi/compose-http-requests-handle-errors#web-api-url-and-versions
               BaseAddress = new Uri(resource + "/api/data/v9.2/"),
               Timeout = new TimeSpan(0, 2, 0)    // Standard two minute timeout on web service calls.
            };

            // Default headers for each Web API call.
            // See https://docs.microsoft.com/powerapps/developer/data-platform/webapi/compose-http-requests-handle-errors#http-headers
            HttpRequestHeaders headers = client.DefaultRequestHeaders;
            headers.Authorization = new AuthenticationHeaderValue("Bearer", token.AccessToken);
            headers.Add("OData-MaxVersion", "4.0");
            headers.Add("OData-Version", "4.0");
            headers.Accept.Add(
               new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));
            #endregion Client configuration

            #region Web API call

            // Invoke the Web API 'WhoAmI' unbound function.
            // See https://docs.microsoft.com/powerapps/developer/data-platform/webapi/compose-http-requests-handle-errors
            // See https://docs.microsoft.com/powerapps/developer/data-platform/webapi/use-web-api-functions#unbound-functions
            var response = await client.GetAsync("WhoAmI");

            if (response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
            {
               // Parse the JSON formatted service response (WhoAmIResponse) to obtain the user ID value.
               // See https://learn.microsoft.com/power-apps/developer/data-platform/webapi/reference/whoamiresponse
               Guid userId = new();

               string jsonContent = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();

               // Using System.Text.Json
               using (JsonDocument doc = JsonDocument.Parse(jsonContent))
               {
                  JsonElement root = doc.RootElement;
                  JsonElement userIdElement = root.GetProperty("UserId");
                  userId = userIdElement.GetGuid();
               }

               // Alternate code, but requires that the WhoAmIResponse class be defined (see below).
               // WhoAmIResponse whoAmIresponse = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<WhoAmIResponse>(jsonContent);
               // userId = whoAmIresponse.UserId;

               Console.WriteLine($"Your user ID is {userId}");
            }
            else
            {
               Console.WriteLine("Web API call failed");
               Console.WriteLine("Reason: " + response.ReasonPhrase);
            }
            #endregion Web API call
      }
   }

   /// <summary>
   /// WhoAmIResponse class definition 
   /// </summary>
   /// <remarks>To be used for JSON deserialization.</remarks>
   /// <see cref="https://learn.microsoft.com/power-apps/developer/data-platform/webapi/reference/whoamiresponse"/>
   public class WhoAmIResponse
   {
      public Guid BusinessUnitId { get; set; }
      public Guid UserId { get; set; }
      public Guid OrganizationId { get; set; }
   }
}

Right below the TODO comment in the above code, replace the resource variable value with the actual URL of your Dataverse test environment. To find the URL value for your test environment, follow these steps:
1. Navigate your browser to Power Apps.
2. Select the environments icon (to the right of the search field), and choose a test environment.
3. Select the settings icon and choose Developer resources.
4. Copy the Web API endpoint URL from "https:" through ".com" leaving off the trailing /api/data/v9.2.
5. Replace the resource string value in the program code with that endpoint URL value. For example:
  string resource = "https://contoso.api.crm.dynamics.com";

Run the program

Press F5 to build and run the program.

A browser window will open and prompt you to pick an account. Choose the account that you use to access your Dataverse environment. If that account doesn't appear in the list, click Use another account.

Once the account is selected, enter your password and click Sign in.

Look at the console application window. The output should look something like this:

Your user ID is 4026be43-6b69-e111-8f65-78e7d1620f5e

C:\Projects\webapi-quickstart\bin\Debug\net6.0\webapi-quickstart.exe (process 21524) exited with code 0.
To automatically close the console when debugging stops, enable Tools->Options->Debugging->Automatically close the console when debugging stops.
Press any key to close this window . . .

Congratulations!

You have successfully connected to the Web API.

This quick start sample shows a simple approach to create a Visual Studio project without any exception handling or method to refresh the access token. This is enough to verify you can connect, and try different operations.

For a more complete example that demonstrates recommended design patterns, review the WebAPIService class library (C#). This is the project we use for our Web API Data operations Samples (C#). It demonstrates:

Managing Dataverse service protection API limits with the .NET resilience and transient fault handling library Polly.
Managing an HttpClient in .NET using IHttpClientFactory.
Using configuration data to manage the behavior of the client.
Managing errors returned by Dataverse Web API.
A pattern of code reuse by:
- Creating classes that inherit from HttpRequestMessage and HttpResponseMessage.
- Methods that use those classes.
- A modular pattern for adding new capabilities as needed.

Next steps

Try creating a web application.

Quickstart: Blazor Server Web API sample (C#)

Learn more about Dataverse Web API capabilities by understanding the service documents.

Web API types and operations

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