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Troubleshoot NAS configuration and NFS storage target issues

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This article gives solutions for some common configuration errors and other issues that could prevent Azure HPC Cache from adding an NFS storage system as a storage target.

This article includes details about how to check ports and how to enable needed access to a NAS system. It also includes detailed information about less common issues that might cause NFS storage target creation to fail.

Tip

Before using this guide, read prerequisites for NFS storage targets.

If the solution to your problem is not included here, please open a support ticket so that Microsoft Service and Support can work with you to investigate and solve the problem.

Provide sufficient connection threads

Large HPC Cache systems make multiple connection requests to a storage target. For example, if your storage target uses the Ubuntu Linux nfs-kernel-server module, the default number of NFS daemon threads can be as low as eight. Increase the number of threads to 128 or 256, which are more reasonable numbers to support a medium or large HPC Cache.

You can check or set the number of threads in Ubuntu by using the RPCNFSDCOUNT value in /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server.

Check port settings

Azure HPC Cache needs read/write access to several UDP/TCP ports on the back-end NAS storage system. Make sure these ports are accessible on the NAS system and also that traffic is permitted to these ports through any firewalls between the storage system and the cache subnet. You might need to work with firewall and network administrators for your data center to verify this configuration.

The ports are different for storage systems from different vendors, so check your system's requirements when setting up a storage target.

In general, the cache needs access to these ports:

Protocol Port Service
TCP/UDP 111 rpcbind
TCP/UDP 2049 NFS
TCP/UDP 4045 nlockmgr
TCP/UDP 4046 mountd
TCP/UDP 4047 status

To learn the specific ports needed for your system, use the following rpcinfo command. This command below lists the ports and formats the relevant results in a table. (Use your system's IP address in place of the <storage_IP> term.)

You can issue this command from any Linux client that has NFS infrastructure installed. If you use a client inside the cluster subnet, it also can help verify connectivity between the subnet and the storage system.

rpcinfo -p <storage_IP> |egrep "100000\s+4\s+tcp|100005\s+3\s+tcp|100003\s+3\s+tcp|100024\s+1\s+tcp|100021\s+4\s+tcp"| awk '{print $4 "/" $3 " " $5}'|column -t

Make sure that all of the ports returned by the rpcinfo query allow unrestricted traffic from the Azure HPC Cache's subnet.

Check these settings both on the NAS itself and also on any firewalls between the storage system and the cache subnet.

Check root squash settings

Root squash settings can disrupt file access if they are improperly configured. You should check that the settings on each storage export and on the matching HPC Cache client access policies are appropriate.

Root squash prevents requests sent by a local superuser root on the client from being sent to a back-end storage system as root. It reassigns requests from root to a non-privileged user ID (UID) like 'nobody'.

Tip

Previous versions of Azure HPC Cache required NAS storage systems to allow root access from the HPC Cache. Now, you don't need to allow root access on a storage target export unless you want HPC Cache clients to have root access to the export.

Root squash can be configured in an HPC Cache system in these places:

  • At the Azure HPC Cache - Use client access policies to configure root squash for clients that match specific filter rules. A client access policy is part of each NFS storage target namespace path.

    The default client access policy does not squash root.

  • At the storage export - You can configure your storage system to reassign incoming requests from root to a non-privileged user ID (UID).

If your storage system export squashes root, you should update the HPC Cache client access rule for that storage target to also squash root. If not, you can have access problems when you try to read or write to the back-end storage system through the HPC Cache.

This table illustrates the behavior for different root squash scenarios when a client request is sent as UID 0 (root). The scenario marked with * is not recommended because it can cause access problems.

Setting UID sent from client UID sent from HPC Cache Effective UID on back-end storage
no root squash 0 (root) 0 (root) 0 (root)
root squash at HPC Cache only 0 (root) 65534 (nobody) 65534 (nobody)
*root squash at NAS storage only 0 (root) 0 (root) 65534 (nobody)
root squash at HPC Cache and NAS 0 (root) 65534 (nobody) 65534 (nobody)

(UID 65534 is an example; when you turn on root squash in a client access policy you can customize the UID.)

Check access on directory paths

For NAS systems that export hierarchical directories, check that Azure HPC Cache has appropriate access to each export level in the path to the files you are using.

For example, a system might show three exports like these:

  • /ifs
  • /ifs/accounting
  • /ifs/accounting/payroll

The export /ifs/accounting/payroll is a child of /ifs/accounting, and /ifs/accounting is itself a child of /ifs.

If you add the payroll export as an HPC Cache storage target, the cache actually mounts /ifs/ and accesses the payroll directory from there. So Azure HPC Cache needs sufficient access to /ifs in order to access the /ifs/accounting/payroll export.

This requirement is related to the way the cache indexes files and avoids file collisions, using file handles that the storage system provides.

A NAS system with hierarchical exports can give different file handles for the same file if the file is retrieved from different exports. For example, a client could mount /ifs/accounting and access the file payroll/2011.txt. Another client mounts /ifs/accounting/payroll and accesses the file 2011.txt. Depending on how the storage system assigns file handles, these two clients might receive the same file with different file handles (one for <mount2>/payroll/2011.txt and one for <mount3>/2011.txt).

The back-end storage system keeps internal aliases for file handles, but Azure HPC Cache cannot tell which file handles in its index reference the same item. So it is possible that the cache can have different writes cached for the same file, and apply the changes incorrectly because it does not know that they are the same file.

To avoid this possible file collision for files in multiple exports, Azure HPC Cache automatically mounts the shallowest available export in the path (/ifs in the example) and uses the file handle given from that export. If multiple exports use the same base path, Azure HPC Cache needs access to that path.

Adjust VPN packet size restrictions

If you have a VPN between the cache and your NAS device, the VPN might block full-sized 1500-byte Ethernet packets. You might have this problem if large exchanges between the NAS and the Azure HPC Cache instance do not complete, but smaller updates work as expected.

There isn't a simple way to tell whether or not your system has this problem unless you know the details of your VPN configuration. Here are a few methods that can help you check for this issue.

  • Use packet sniffers on both sides of the VPN to detect which packets transfer successfully.

  • If your VPN allows ping commands, you can test sending a full-sized packet.

    Run a ping command over the VPN to the NAS with these options. (Use your storage system's IP address in place of the <storage_IP> value.)

    ping -M do -s 1472 -c 1 <storage_IP>

    These are the options in the command:

    • -M do - Do not fragment
    • -c 1 - Send only one packet
    • -s 1472 - Set the size of the payload to 1472 bytes. This is the maximum size payload for a 1500-byte packet after accounting for the Ethernet overhead.

    A successful response looks like this:

    PING 10.54.54.11 (10.54.54.11) 1472(1500) bytes of data.
1480 bytes from 10.54.54.11: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=2.06 ms

    If the ping fails with 1472 bytes, there is probably a packet size problem.

To fix the problem, you might need to configure MSS clamping on the VPN to make the remote system properly detect the maximum frame size. Read the VPN Gateway IPsec/IKE parameters documentation to learn more.

In some cases, changing the MTU setting for the Azure HPC Cache to 1400 can help. However, if you restrict the MTU on the cache you must also restrict the MTU settings for clients and back-end storage systems that interact with the cache. Read Configure additional Azure HPC Cache settings for details.

Check for ACL security style

Some NAS systems use a hybrid security style that combines access control lists (ACLs) with traditional POSIX or UNIX security.

If your system reports its security style as UNIX or POSIX without including the acronym "ACL", this issue does not affect you.

For systems that use ACLs, Azure HPC Cache needs to track additional user-specific values in order to control file access. This is done by enabling an access cache. There isn't a user-facing control to turn on the access cache, but you can open a support ticket to request that it be enabled for the affected storage targets on your cache system.

Next steps

If you have a problem that was not addressed in this article, contact support to get expert help.