Quickstart: Create a Windows Virtual Machine Scale Set with an ARM template
Applies to: ✔️ Windows VMs ✔️ Uniform scale sets
Note
The following article is for Uniform Virtual Machine Scale Sets. We recommend using Flexible Virtual Machine Scale Sets for new workloads. Learn more about this new orchestration mode in our Flexible Virtual Machine Scale Sets overview.
A Virtual Machine Scale Set allows you to deploy and manage a set of auto-scaling virtual machines. You can scale the number of VMs in the scale set manually, or define rules to autoscale based on resource usage like CPU, memory demand, or network traffic. An Azure load balancer then distributes traffic to the VM instances in the scale set. In this quickstart, you create a Virtual Machine Scale Set and deploy a sample application with an Azure Resource Manager template (ARM template).
An Azure Resource Manager template is a JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) file that defines the infrastructure and configuration for your project. The template uses declarative syntax. You describe your intended deployment without writing the sequence of programming commands to create the deployment.
ARM templates let you deploy groups of related resources. In a single template, you can create the Virtual Machine Scale Set, install applications, and configure autoscale rules. With the use of variables and parameters, this template can be reused to update existing, or create additional, scale sets. You can deploy templates through the Azure portal, Azure CLI, Azure PowerShell, or from continuous integration / continuous delivery (CI/CD) pipelines.
If your environment meets the prerequisites and you're familiar with using ARM templates, select the Deploy to Azure button. The template will open in the Azure portal.
Prerequisites
If you don't have an Azure subscription, create a free account before you begin.
Review the template
The template used in this quickstart is from Azure Quickstart templates.
{
"$schema": "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2019-04-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
"contentVersion": "1.0.0.0",
"metadata": {
"_generator": {
"name": "bicep",
"version": "0.29.47.4906",
"templateHash": "11422221168065527308"
}
},
"parameters": {
"vmssName": {
"type": "string",
"minLength": 3,
"maxLength": 61,
"metadata": {
"description": "String used as a base for naming resources. Must be 3-61 characters in length and globally unique across Azure. A hash is prepended to this string for some resources, and resource-specific information is appended."
}
},
"vmSku": {
"type": "string",
"defaultValue": "Standard_D2s_v3",
"metadata": {
"description": "Size of VMs in the VM Scale Set."
}
},
"windowsOSVersion": {
"type": "string",
"defaultValue": "2022-datacenter-azure-edition",
"allowedValues": [
"2019-DataCenter-GenSecond",
"2016-DataCenter-GenSecond",
"2022-datacenter-azure-edition"
],
"metadata": {
"description": "The Windows version for the VM. This will pick a fully patched image of this given Windows version. Allowed values: 2008-R2-SP1, 2012-Datacenter, 2012-R2-Datacenter & 2016-Datacenter, 2019-Datacenter."
}
},
"securityType": {
"type": "string",
"defaultValue": "TrustedLaunch",
"allowedValues": [
"Standard",
"TrustedLaunch"
],
"metadata": {
"description": "Security Type of the Virtual Machine."
}
},
"instanceCount": {
"type": "int",
"defaultValue": 3,
"minValue": 1,
"maxValue": 100,
"metadata": {
"description": "Number of VM instances (100 or less)."
}
},
"singlePlacementGroup": {
"type": "bool",
"defaultValue": true,
"metadata": {
"description": "When true this limits the scale set to a single placement group, of max size 100 virtual machines. NOTE: If singlePlacementGroup is true, it may be modified to false. However, if singlePlacementGroup is false, it may not be modified to true."
}
},
"adminUsername": {
"type": "string",
"defaultValue": "vmssadmin",
"metadata": {
"description": "Admin username on all VMs."
}
},
"adminPassword": {
"type": "securestring",
"metadata": {
"description": "Admin password on all VMs."
}
},
"_artifactsLocation": {
"type": "string",
"defaultValue": "[deployment().properties.templateLink.uri]",
"metadata": {
"description": "The base URI where artifacts required by this template are located. For example, if stored on a public GitHub repo, you'd use the following URI: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Azure/azure-quickstart-templates/master/201-vmss-windows-webapp-dsc-autoscale/."
}
},
"_artifactsLocationSasToken": {
"type": "securestring",
"defaultValue": "",
"metadata": {
"description": "The sasToken required to access _artifactsLocation. If your artifacts are stored on a public repo or public storage account you can leave this blank."
}
},
"powershelldscZip": {
"type": "string",
"defaultValue": "DSC/InstallIIS.zip",
"metadata": {
"description": "Location of the PowerShell DSC zip file relative to the URI specified in the _artifactsLocation, i.e. DSC/IISInstall.ps1.zip"
}
},
"webDeployPackage": {
"type": "string",
"defaultValue": "WebDeploy/DefaultASPWebApp.v1.0.zip",
"metadata": {
"description": "Location of the of the WebDeploy package zip file relative to the URI specified in _artifactsLocation, i.e. WebDeploy/DefaultASPWebApp.v1.0.zip"
}
},
"powershelldscUpdateTagVersion": {
"type": "string",
"defaultValue": "1.0",
"metadata": {
"description": "Version number of the DSC deployment. Changing this value on subsequent deployments will trigger the extension to run."
}
},
"location": {
"type": "string",
"defaultValue": "[resourceGroup().location]",
"metadata": {
"description": "Location for all resources."
}
},
"platformFaultDomainCount": {
"type": "int",
"defaultValue": 1,
"metadata": {
"description": "Fault Domain count for each placement group."
}
}
},
"variables": {
"vmScaleSetName": "[toLower(substring(format('vmssName{0}', uniqueString(resourceGroup().id)), 0, 9))]",
"longvmScaleSet": "[toLower(parameters('vmssName'))]",
"addressPrefix": "10.0.0.0/16",
"subnetPrefix": "10.0.0.0/24",
"vNetName": "[format('{0}vnet', variables('vmScaleSetName'))]",
"publicIPAddressName": "[format('{0}pip', variables('vmScaleSetName'))]",
"subnetName": "[format('{0}subnet', variables('vmScaleSetName'))]",
"loadBalancerName": "[format('{0}lb', variables('vmScaleSetName'))]",
"publicIPAddressID": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses', variables('publicIPAddressName'))]",
"lbProbeID": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/probes', variables('loadBalancerName'), 'tcpProbe')]",
"natPoolName": "[format('{0}natpool', variables('vmScaleSetName'))]",
"bePoolName": "[format('{0}bepool', variables('vmScaleSetName'))]",
"lbPoolID": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/backendAddressPools', variables('loadBalancerName'), variables('bePoolName'))]",
"natStartPort": 50000,
"natEndPort": 50119,
"natBackendPort": 3389,
"nicName": "[format('{0}nic', variables('vmScaleSetName'))]",
"ipConfigName": "[format('{0}ipconfig', variables('vmScaleSetName'))]",
"frontEndIPConfigID": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/frontendIPConfigurations', variables('loadBalancerName'), 'loadBalancerFrontEnd')]",
"osType": {
"publisher": "MicrosoftWindowsServer",
"offer": "WindowsServer",
"sku": "[parameters('windowsOSVersion')]",
"version": "latest"
},
"securityProfileJson": {
"uefiSettings": {
"secureBootEnabled": true,
"vTpmEnabled": true
},
"securityType": "[parameters('securityType')]"
},
"imageReference": "[variables('osType')]",
"webDeployPackageFullPath": "[uri(parameters('_artifactsLocation'), format('{0}{1}', parameters('webDeployPackage'), parameters('_artifactsLocationSasToken')))]",
"powershelldscZipFullPath": "[uri(parameters('_artifactsLocation'), format('{0}{1}', parameters('powershelldscZip'), parameters('_artifactsLocationSasToken')))]"
},
"resources": [
{
"type": "Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers",
"apiVersion": "2023-04-01",
"name": "[variables('loadBalancerName')]",
"location": "[parameters('location')]",
"properties": {
"frontendIPConfigurations": [
{
"name": "LoadBalancerFrontEnd",
"properties": {
"publicIPAddress": {
"id": "[variables('publicIPAddressID')]"
}
}
}
],
"backendAddressPools": [
{
"name": "[variables('bePoolName')]"
}
],
"inboundNatPools": [
{
"name": "[variables('natPoolName')]",
"properties": {
"frontendIPConfiguration": {
"id": "[variables('frontEndIPConfigID')]"
},
"protocol": "Tcp",
"frontendPortRangeStart": "[variables('natStartPort')]",
"frontendPortRangeEnd": "[variables('natEndPort')]",
"backendPort": "[variables('natBackendPort')]"
}
}
],
"loadBalancingRules": [
{
"name": "LBRule",
"properties": {
"frontendIPConfiguration": {
"id": "[variables('frontEndIPConfigID')]"
},
"backendAddressPool": {
"id": "[variables('lbPoolID')]"
},
"protocol": "Tcp",
"frontendPort": 80,
"backendPort": 80,
"enableFloatingIP": false,
"idleTimeoutInMinutes": 5,
"probe": {
"id": "[variables('lbProbeID')]"
}
}
}
],
"probes": [
{
"name": "tcpProbe",
"properties": {
"protocol": "Tcp",
"port": 80,
"intervalInSeconds": 5,
"numberOfProbes": 2
}
}
]
},
"dependsOn": [
"[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses', variables('publicIPAddressName'))]"
]
},
{
"type": "Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachineScaleSets",
"apiVersion": "2023-09-01",
"name": "[variables('vmScaleSetName')]",
"location": "[parameters('location')]",
"sku": {
"name": "[parameters('vmSku')]",
"tier": "Standard",
"capacity": "[parameters('instanceCount')]"
},
"properties": {
"overprovision": true,
"upgradePolicy": {
"mode": "Automatic"
},
"singlePlacementGroup": "[parameters('singlePlacementGroup')]",
"platformFaultDomainCount": "[parameters('platformFaultDomainCount')]",
"virtualMachineProfile": {
"storageProfile": {
"osDisk": {
"caching": "ReadWrite",
"createOption": "FromImage"
},
"imageReference": "[variables('imageReference')]"
},
"osProfile": {
"computerNamePrefix": "[variables('vmScaleSetName')]",
"adminUsername": "[parameters('adminUsername')]",
"adminPassword": "[parameters('adminPassword')]"
},
"securityProfile": "[if(equals(parameters('securityType'), 'TrustedLaunch'), variables('securityProfileJson'), null())]",
"networkProfile": {
"networkInterfaceConfigurations": [
{
"name": "[variables('nicName')]",
"properties": {
"primary": true,
"ipConfigurations": [
{
"name": "[variables('ipConfigName')]",
"properties": {
"subnet": {
"id": "[reference(resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks', variables('vNetName')), '2023-04-01').subnets[0].id]"
},
"loadBalancerBackendAddressPools": [
{
"id": "[variables('lbPoolID')]"
}
]
}
}
]
}
}
]
},
"extensionProfile": {
"extensions": [
{
"name": "Microsoft.Powershell.DSC",
"properties": {
"publisher": "Microsoft.Powershell",
"type": "DSC",
"typeHandlerVersion": "2.9",
"autoUpgradeMinorVersion": true,
"forceUpdateTag": "[parameters('powershelldscUpdateTagVersion')]",
"settings": {
"configuration": {
"url": "[variables('powershelldscZipFullPath')]",
"script": "InstallIIS.ps1",
"function": "InstallIIS"
},
"configurationArguments": {
"nodeName": "localhost",
"WebDeployPackagePath": "[variables('webDeployPackageFullPath')]"
}
}
}
}
]
}
}
},
"dependsOn": [
"[resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks', variables('vNetName'))]"
]
},
{
"type": "Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses",
"apiVersion": "2023-04-01",
"name": "[variables('publicIPAddressName')]",
"location": "[parameters('location')]",
"properties": {
"publicIPAllocationMethod": "Static",
"dnsSettings": {
"domainNameLabel": "[variables('longvmScaleSet')]"
}
}
},
{
"type": "Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks",
"apiVersion": "2023-04-01",
"name": "[variables('vNetName')]",
"location": "[parameters('location')]",
"properties": {
"addressSpace": {
"addressPrefixes": [
"[variables('addressPrefix')]"
]
},
"subnets": [
{
"name": "[variables('subnetName')]",
"properties": {
"addressPrefix": "[variables('subnetPrefix')]"
}
}
]
}
},
{
"type": "Microsoft.Insights/autoscalesettings",
"apiVersion": "2022-10-01",
"name": "autoscalehost",
"location": "[parameters('location')]",
"properties": {
"name": "autoscalehost",
"targetResourceUri": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachineScaleSets', variables('vmScaleSetName'))]",
"enabled": true,
"profiles": [
{
"name": "Profile1",
"capacity": {
"minimum": "1",
"maximum": "10",
"default": "1"
},
"rules": [
{
"metricTrigger": {
"metricName": "Percentage CPU",
"metricResourceUri": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachineScaleSets', variables('vmScaleSetName'))]",
"timeGrain": "PT1M",
"statistic": "Average",
"timeWindow": "PT5M",
"timeAggregation": "Average",
"operator": "GreaterThan",
"threshold": 50
},
"scaleAction": {
"direction": "Increase",
"type": "ChangeCount",
"value": "1",
"cooldown": "PT5M"
}
},
{
"metricTrigger": {
"metricName": "Percentage CPU",
"metricResourceUri": "[resourceId('Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachineScaleSets', variables('vmScaleSetName'))]",
"timeGrain": "PT1M",
"statistic": "Average",
"timeWindow": "PT5M",
"timeAggregation": "Average",
"operator": "LessThan",
"threshold": 30
},
"scaleAction": {
"direction": "Decrease",
"type": "ChangeCount",
"value": "1",
"cooldown": "PT5M"
}
}
]
}
]
},
"dependsOn": [
"[resourceId('Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachineScaleSets', variables('vmScaleSetName'))]"
]
}
],
"outputs": {
"applicationUrl": {
"type": "string",
"value": "[uri(format('http://{0}', reference(resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses', variables('publicIPAddressName')), '2023-04-01').dnsSettings.fqdn), '/MyApp')]"
}
}
}
These resources are defined in these templates:
- Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks
- Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses
- Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers
- Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachineScaleSets
- Microsoft.Insights/autoscaleSettings
Define a scale set
To create a scale with a template, you define the appropriate resources. The core parts of the Virtual Machine Scale Set resource type are:
| Property | Description of property | Example template value |
|---|---|---|
| type | Azure resource type to create | Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachineScaleSets |
| name | The scale set name | myScaleSet |
| location | The location to create the scale set | East US |
| sku.name | The VM size for each scale set instance | Standard_A1 |
| sku.capacity | The number of VM instances to initially create | 2 |
| upgradePolicy.mode | VM instance upgrade mode when changes occur | Automatic |
| imageReference | The platform or custom image to use for the VM instances | Microsoft Windows Server 2016 Datacenter |
| osProfile.computerNamePrefix | The name prefix for each VM instance | myvmss |
| osProfile.adminUsername | The username for each VM instance | azureuser |
| osProfile.adminPassword | The password for each VM instance | P@ssw0rd! |
To customize a scale set template, you can change the VM size or initial capacity. Another option is to use a different platform or a custom image.
Add a sample application
To test your scale set, install a basic web application. When you deploy a scale set, VM extensions can provide post-deployment configuration and automation tasks, such as installing an app. Scripts can be downloaded from Azure storage or GitHub, or provided to the Azure portal at extension run-time. To apply an extension to your scale set, you add the extensionProfile section to the preceding resource example. The extension profile typically defines the following properties:
- Extension type
- Extension publisher
- Extension version
- Location of configuration or install scripts
- Commands to execute on the VM instances
The template uses the PowerShell DSC extension to install an ASP.NET MVC app that runs in IIS.
An install script is downloaded from GitHub, as defined in url. The extension then runs InstallIIS from the IISInstall.ps1 script, as defined in function and Script. The ASP.NET app itself is provided as a Web Deploy package, which is also downloaded from GitHub, as defined in WebDeployPackagePath:
Deploy the template
You can deploy the template by selecting the Deploy to Azure button. This button opens the Azure portal, loads the complete template, and prompts for a few parameters such as a scale set name, instance count, and admin credentials.
You can also deploy a Resource Manager template by using Azure PowerShell:
# Create a resource group
New-AzResourceGroup -Name myResourceGroup -Location EastUS
# Deploy template into resource group
New-AzResourceGroupDeployment `
-ResourceGroupName myResourceGroup `
-TemplateURI https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Azure/azure-quickstart-templates/master/demos/vmss-windows-webapp-dsc-autoscale/azuredeploy.json
# Update the scale set and apply the extension
Update-AzVmss `
-ResourceGroupName myResourceGroup `
-VmScaleSetName myVMSS `
-VirtualMachineScaleSet $vmssConfig
Answer the prompts to provide a scale set name and admin credentials for the VM instances. It can take 10-15 minutes for the scale set to be created and apply the extension to configure the app.
Validate the deployment
To see your scale set in action, access the sample web application in a web browser. Obtain the public IP address of your load balancer with Get-AzPublicIpAddress as follows:
Get-AzPublicIpAddress -ResourceGroupName myResourceGroup | Select IpAddress
Enter the public IP address of the load balancer in to a web browser in the format http://publicIpAddress/MyApp. The load balancer distributes traffic to one of your VM instances, as shown in the following example:
Clean up resources
When no longer needed, you can use the Remove-AzResourceGroup to remove the resource group, scale set. The -Force parameter confirms that you wish to delete the resources without an additional prompt to do so. The -AsJob parameter returns control to the prompt without waiting for the operation to complete.
Remove-AzResourceGroup -Name "myResourceGroup" -Force -AsJob
Next steps
In this quickstart, you created a Windows scale set with an ARM template and used the PowerShell DSC extension to install a basic ASP.NET app on the VM instances. To learn more, continue to the tutorial for how to create and manage Azure Virtual Machine Scale Sets.