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Configure Replication with T-SQL

Applies to: SQL Server - Linux

In this tutorial, configure SQL Server snapshot replication on Linux with two instances of SQL Server using Transact-SQL (T-SQL). The publisher and distributor are on the same instance, and the subscriber is on a separate instance.

  • Enable SQL Server replication agents on Linux
  • Create a sample database
  • Configure snapshot folder for SQL Server agents access
  • Configure the distributor
  • Configure the publisher
  • Configure publication and articles
  • Configure subscriber
  • Run the replication jobs

All replication configurations can be configured with replication stored procedures.

Prerequisites

To complete this tutorial, you need:

Detailed steps

  1. Enable SQL Server replication agents on Linux. On both host machines, run the following commands in the terminal.

    sudo /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf set sqlagent.enabled true
    sudo systemctl restart mssql-server
    
  2. Create the sample database and table. On the publisher, create a sample database and table that will act as the articles for a publication.

    CREATE DATABASE Sales;
    GO
    
    USE [Sales];
    GO
    
    CREATE TABLE Customer (
        [CustomerID] INT NOT NULL,
        [SalesAmount] DECIMAL NOT NULL
    );
    GO
    
    INSERT INTO Customer (CustomerID, SalesAmount)
    VALUES (1, 100), (2, 200), (3, 300);
    GO
    

    On the other SQL Server instance, the subscriber, create the database to receive the articles.

    CREATE DATABASE Sales;
    GO
    
  3. Create the snapshot folder for SQL Server Agents to read/write to on the distributor, create the snapshot folder and grant access to 'mssql' user

    sudo mkdir /var/opt/mssql/data/ReplData/
    sudo chown mssql /var/opt/mssql/data/ReplData/
    sudo chgrp mssql /var/opt/mssql/data/ReplData/
    
  4. Configure distributor. In this example, the publisher is also the distributor. Run the following commands on the publisher to configure the instance for distribution as well.

    DECLARE @distributor AS SYSNAME;
    DECLARE @distributorlogin AS SYSNAME;
    DECLARE @distributorpassword AS SYSNAME;
    
    -- Specify the distributor name. Use 'hostname' command on in terminal to find the hostname
    SET @distributor = N'<distributor instance name>'; --in this example, it will be the name of the publisher
    SET @distributorlogin = N'<distributor login>';
    SET @distributorpassword = N'<distributor password>';
    
    -- Specify the distribution database.
    USE master
    
    EXEC sp_adddistributor @distributor = @distributor -- this should be the hostname
    
    -- Log into distributor and create Distribution Database. In this example, our publisher and distributor is on the same host
    EXEC sp_adddistributiondb @database = N'distribution',
        @log_file_size = 2,
        @deletebatchsize_xact = 5000,
        @deletebatchsize_cmd = 2000,
        @security_mode = 0,
        @login = @distributorlogin,
        @password = @distributorpassword;
    GO
    
    DECLARE @snapshotdirectory AS NVARCHAR(500);
    SET @snapshotdirectory = N'/var/opt/mssql/data/ReplData/';
    
    -- Log into distributor and create Distribution Database. In this example, our publisher and distributor is on the same host
    USE [distribution];
    GO
    
    IF (NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sysobjects WHERE name = 'UIProperties' AND type = 'U'))
        CREATE TABLE UIProperties (id INT);
    
    IF (EXISTS (SELECT * FROM::fn_listextendedproperty('SnapshotFolder', 'user', 'dbo', 'table', 'UIProperties', NULL, NULL)))
        EXEC sp_updateextendedproperty N'SnapshotFolder',
            @snapshotdirectory,
            'user',
            dbo,
            'table',
            'UIProperties';
    ELSE
        EXEC sp_addextendedproperty N'SnapshotFolder',
            @snapshotdirectory,
            'user',
            dbo,
            'table',
            'UIProperties';
    GO
    
  5. Configure publisher. Run the following T-SQL commands on the publisher.

    DECLARE @publisher AS SYSNAME;
    DECLARE @distributorlogin AS SYSNAME;
    DECLARE @distributorpassword AS SYSNAME;
    
    -- Specify the distributor name. Use 'hostname' command on in terminal to find the hostname
    SET @publisher = N'<instance name>';
    SET @distributorlogin = N'<distributor login>';
    SET @distributorpassword = N'<distributor password>';
    
    -- Specify the distribution database.
    -- Adding the distribution publishers
    EXEC sp_adddistpublisher @publisher = @publisher,
        @distribution_db = N'distribution',
        @security_mode = 0,
        @login = @distributorlogin,
        @password = @distributorpassword,
        @working_directory = N'/var/opt/mssql/data/ReplData',
        @trusted = N'false',
        @thirdparty_flag = 0,
        @publisher_type = N'MSSQLSERVER';
    GO
    
  6. Configure publication job. Run the following T-SQL commands on the publisher.

    DECLARE @replicationdb AS SYSNAME;
    DECLARE @publisherlogin AS SYSNAME;
    DECLARE @publisherpassword AS SYSNAME;
    
    SET @replicationdb = N'Sales';
    SET @publisherlogin = N'<Publisher login>';
    SET @publisherpassword = N'<Publisher Password>';
    
    USE [Sales];
    GO
    
    EXEC sp_replicationdboption @dbname = N'Sales',
        @optname = N'publish',
        @value = N'true';
    
    -- Add the snapshot publication
    EXEC sp_addpublication @publication = N'SnapshotRepl',
        @description = N'Snapshot publication of database ''Sales'' from Publisher ''<PUBLISHER HOSTNAME>''.',
        @retention = 0,
        @allow_push = N'true',
        @repl_freq = N'snapshot',
        @status = N'active',
        @independent_agent = N'true';
    
    EXEC sp_addpublication_snapshot @publication = N'SnapshotRepl',
        @frequency_type = 1,
        @frequency_interval = 1,
        @frequency_relative_interval = 1,
        @frequency_recurrence_factor = 0,
        @frequency_subday = 8,
        @frequency_subday_interval = 1,
        @active_start_time_of_day = 0,
        @active_end_time_of_day = 235959,
        @active_start_date = 0,
        @active_end_date = 0,
        @publisher_security_mode = 0,
        @publisher_login = @publisherlogin,
        @publisher_password = @publisherpassword;
    
  7. Create articles from the Sales table.

    Run the following T-SQL commands on the publisher.

    USE [Sales];
    GO
    
    EXEC sp_addarticle @publication = N'SnapshotRepl',
        @article = N'customer',
        @source_owner = N'dbo',
        @source_object = N'customer',
        @type = N'logbased',
        @description = NULL,
        @creation_script = NULL,
        @pre_creation_cmd = N'drop',
        @schema_option = 0x000000000803509D,
        @identityrangemanagementoption = N'manual',
        @destination_table = N'customer',
        @destination_owner = N'dbo',
        @vertical_partition = N'false';
    
  8. Configure Subscription. Run the following T-SQL commands on the publisher.

    DECLARE @subscriber AS SYSNAME;
    DECLARE @subscriber_db AS SYSNAME;
    DECLARE @subscriberLogin AS SYSNAME;
    DECLARE @subscriberPassword AS SYSNAME;
    
    SET @subscriber = N'<Instance Name>'; -- for example, MSSQLSERVER
    SET @subscriber_db = N'Sales';
    SET @subscriberLogin = N'<Subscriber Login>';
    SET @subscriberPassword = N'<Subscriber Password>';
    
    USE [Sales];
    GO
    
    EXEC sp_addsubscription @publication = N'SnapshotRepl',
        @subscriber = @subscriber,
        @destination_db = @subscriber_db,
        @subscription_type = N'Push',
        @sync_type = N'automatic',
        @article = N'all',
        @update_mode = N'read only',
        @subscriber_type = 0;
    
    EXEC sp_addpushsubscription_agent @publication = N'SnapshotRepl',
        @subscriber = @subscriber,
        @subscriber_db = @subscriber_db,
        @subscriber_security_mode = 0,
        @subscriber_login = @subscriberLogin,
        @subscriber_password = @subscriberPassword,
        @frequency_type = 1,
        @frequency_interval = 0,
        @frequency_relative_interval = 0,
        @frequency_recurrence_factor = 0,
        @frequency_subday = 0,
        @frequency_subday_interval = 0,
        @active_start_time_of_day = 0,
        @active_end_time_of_day = 0,
        @active_start_date = 0,
        @active_end_date = 19950101;
    GO
    
  9. Run replication agent jobs. Run the following query to get a list of jobs:

    SELECT name, date_modified
    FROM msdb.dbo.sysjobs
    ORDER BY date_modified DESC;
    

    Run the Snapshot replication job to generate the snapshot:

    USE msdb;
    GO
    
    --generate snapshot of publications, for example
    EXEC dbo.sp_start_job N'PUBLISHER-PUBLICATION-SnapshotRepl-1';
    GO
    

    Run the snapshot replication job to generate the snapshot:

    USE msdb;
    GO
    --distribute the publication to subscriber, for example
    EXEC dbo.sp_start_job N'DISTRIBUTOR-PUBLICATION-SnapshotRepl-SUBSCRIBER';
    GO
    
  10. Connect subscriber and query replicated data.

    On the subscriber, check that the replication is working by running the following query:

    SELECT * from [Sales].[dbo].[Customer];
    

In this tutorial, you configured SQL Server snapshot replication on Linux with two instances of SQL Server using T-SQL.

  • Enable SQL Server replication agents on Linux
  • Create a sample database
  • Configure snapshot folder for SQL Server agents access
  • Configure the distributor
  • Configure the publisher
  • Configure publication and articles
  • Configure subscriber
  • Run the replication jobs