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geo_point_to_s2cell()

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Applies to: ✅ Microsoft Fabric ✅ Azure Data Explorer ✅ Azure Monitor ✅ Microsoft Sentinel

Calculates the S2 cell token string value of a geographic location.

Read more about S2 cell hierarchy. S2 cell can be a useful geospatial clustering tool. An S2 cell is a cell on a spherical surface and it has geodesic edges. S2 cells are part of a hierarchy dividing up the Earth's surface. They have a maximum of 31 levels, ranging from zero to 30, which define the number of times a cell is subdivided. Levels range from the largest coverage on level zero with area coverage of 85,011,012.19km², to the lowest coverage of 0.44 cm² at level 30. As S2 cells are subdivided at higher levels, the cell center is preserved well. Two geographic locations can be very close to each other but they have different S2 cell tokens.

Note

If you invoke the geo_s2cell_to_central_point() function on an S2 cell token string that was calculated on longitude x and latitude y, the function won't necessarily return x and y.

Read more about S2 cell hierarchy.

Syntax

geo_point_to_s2cell(longitude, latitude, [ level ])

Learn more about syntax conventions.

Parameters

Name Type Required Description
longitude real ✔️ Geospatial coordinate, longitude value in degrees. Valid value is a real number and in the range [-180, +180].
latitude real ✔️ Geospatial coordinate, latitude value in degrees. Valid value is a real number and in the range [-90, +90].
level int Defines the requested cell level. Supported values are in the range [0, 30]. If unspecified, the default value 11 is used.

Returns

The S2 cell token string value of a given geographic location. If the coordinates or levels are invalid, the query produces an empty result.

S2 cell approximate area coverage per level value

For every level, the size of the S2 cell is similar but not exactly equal. Nearby cell sizes tend to be more equal.

Level Minimum random cell edge length (UK) Maximum random cell edge length (US)
0 7842 km 7842 km
1 3921 km 5004 km
2 1825 km 2489 km
3 840 km 1310 km
4 432 km 636 km
5 210 km 315 km
6 108 km 156 km
7 54 km 78 km
8 27 km 39 km
9 14 km 20 km
10 7 km 10 km
11 3 km 5 km
12 1699 m 2 km
13 850 m 1225 m
14 425 m 613 m
15 212 m 306 m
16 106 m 153 m
17 53 m 77 m
18 27 m 38 m
19 13 m 19 m
20 7 m 10 m
21 3 m 5 m
22 166 cm 2 m
23 83 cm 120 cm
24 41 cm 60 cm
25 21 cm 30 cm
26 10 cm 15 cm
27 5 cm 7 cm
28 2 cm 4 cm
29 12 mm 18 mm
30 6 mm 9 mm

The table source can be found in this S2 Cell statistical resource.

For comparison with other available grid systems, see geospatial clustering with Kusto Query Language.

Examples

US storm events aggregated by S2 cell

The following example finds US storm events aggregated by S2 cells.

StormEvents
| project BeginLon, BeginLat
| summarize by hash=geo_point_to_s2cell(BeginLon, BeginLat, 5)
| project geo_s2cell_to_central_point(hash)
| render scatterchart with (kind=map)

Output

Screenshot of a map rendering of US storm events aggregated by S2 cell.

The following example calculates the S2 cell ID.

print s2cell = geo_point_to_s2cell(-80.195829, 25.802215, 8)

Output

s2cell
88d9b

Find a group of coordinates

The following example finds groups of coordinates. Every pair of coordinates in the group resides in the S2 cell with a maximum area of 1632.45 km².

datatable(location_id:string, longitude:real, latitude:real)
[
  "A", 10.1234, 53,
  "B", 10.3579, 53,
  "C", 10.6842, 53,
]
| summarize count = count(),                                        // items per group count
            locations = make_list(location_id)                      // items in the group
            by s2cell = geo_point_to_s2cell(longitude, latitude, 8) // s2 cell of the group

Output

s2cell count locations
47b1d 2 ["A","B"]
47ae3 1 ["C"]

Empty results

The following example produces an empty result because of the invalid coordinate input.

print s2cell = geo_point_to_s2cell(300,1,8)

Output

s2cell

The following example produces an empty result because of the invalid level input.

print s2cell = geo_point_to_s2cell(1,1,35)

Output

s2cell

The following example produces an empty result because of the invalid level input.

print s2cell = geo_point_to_s2cell(1,1,int(null))

Output

s2cell

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