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Monitoring and maintaining SharePoint Server 2010

 

Applies to: SharePoint Server 2010

This article provides information about monitoring and performance counters for Microsoft SharePoint Server 2010 farms. To maintain SharePoint Server 2010 system performance, you must monitor your server to identify potential bottlenecks. Before you can monitor effectively, you must understand the key indicators that will tell you if a specific part of your farm requires attention, and know how to interpret these indicators. If you find that your farm is operating outside the targets you have defined, you can adjust your farm by adding or removing hardware resources, modifying your topology, or changing how data is stored.

The information in this section is intended to help administrators manually configure performance counters and other settings. For more information about health monitoring and troubleshooting using the health monitoring tools built into the SharePoint Central Administration interface, read the following articles:

Before you read this article, you should read Capacity management and sizing overview for SharePoint Server 2010.

In this article:

  • Configuring Monitoring

  • Removing Bottlenecks

Configuring Monitoring

Below is a list of the settings that you can modify to monitor your environment in its early stages, which will help you determine if any changes are needed. Keep in mind that increasing your monitoring capabilities will affect the amount of disk space that your usage database will require. Once the environment is stable and this detailed monitoring is no longer required, you may want to reverse the settings below to their defaults.

Setting Value Notes

Event Log Flooding Protection

Disabled

The default value is Enabled. It can be disabled to collect as much monitoring data as possible. For normal operations, it should be enabled.

Timer Job Schedule

   

Microsoft SharePoint Foundation Usage Data Import

5 minutes

The default value is 30 minutes. Lowering this setting imports the data into the usage database more frequently, and is particularly useful when troubleshooting. For normal operations, it should be 30 minutes.

Diagnostic Providers

   

Enable all diagnostic providers

Enabled

The default value is Disabled except for the "Search Health Monitoring - Trace Events" provider. These providers collect health data for various features and components. For normal operations, you may want to revert to the default.

Set "job-diagnostics-performance-counter-wfe-provider" and "job-diagnostics-performance-counter-sql-provider" Schedule Intervals

1 minute

The default value is 5 minutes. Lowering this setting can poll data more frequently, and is particularly useful when troubleshooting. For normal operations, it should be 5 minutes.

Miscellaneous

   

Enable stack tracing for content requests

Enabled

The default value is Disabled. Enabling this setting allows diagnosis of content requests failures using the process stack trace. For normal operations, it should be disabled.

Enable the Developer Dashboard

Enabled

The default value is Disabled. Enabling this setting allows diagnosis of slow pages, or other problems by using the Developer Dashboard. For normal operations, and once troubleshooting is no longer necessary, it should be disabled.

Usage Data Collection

   

Content Import Usage

Content Export Usage

Page Requests

Feature Use

Search Query Use

Site Inventory Usage

Timer Jobs

Rating Usage

Enabled

Enabling the logging of this set of counters allows you to collect more usage data across the environment and to better understand the traffic patterns in the environment.

Performance Counters

If you are making use of the usage database, then you can add the performance counters that assist you in monitoring and evaluating your farm's performance to the usage database, such that they are logged automatically at a specific interval (30 minutes by default). Given that, you can query the usage database to retrieve these counters and graph the results over time. Here's an example of using the Add-SPDiagnosticsPerformanceCounter PowerShell cmdlet to add the % Processor Time counter to the usage database. This only needs to be run on one of the Web servers:

Add-SPDiagnosticsPerformanceCounter -Category "Processor" -Counter "% Processor Time" -Instance "_Total" -WebFrontEnd

There are a number of generic performance counters that you should monitor for any server system. The following table outlines these performance counters.

Performance Counter Description

Processor

You should monitor processor performance to ensure that all processor usage does not remain consistently high (over 80 percent) as this indicates that the system would not be able to handle any sudden surges of activity. And that in the common state, you will not see a domino effect if one component failure will bring the remaining components to a malfunctioning state. For example – if you have three Web servers, you should make sure the average CPU across all servers is under 60% so that if one fails, there is still room for the other two to pick up the extra load.

Network Interface

Monitor the rate at which data is sent and received via the network interface card. This should remain below 50 percent of network capacity.

Disks and Cache

There are a number of logical disk options that you should monitor regularly. The available disk space is essential in any capacity study, but you should also review the time that the disk is idle. Dependent on the types of applications or services you are running on your servers, you may review disk read and write times. Extended queuing for write or read function will affect performance. The cache has a major impact on read and write operations. You must monitor for increased cache failures.

Memory and Paging File

Monitor the amount of physical memory available for allocation. Insufficient memory will lead to excessive use of the page file and an increase in the number of page faults per second.

System Counters

The following table provides information on system objects and counters that you could add to the set of counters monitored in the usage database using the SPDiagnosticPerformanceCounter on a web server.

Objects and Counters Description

Processor

 

% Processor Time

This shows processor usage over a period of time. If this is consistently too high, you may find performance is adversely affected. Remember to count "Total" in multiprocessor systems. You can measure the utilization on each processor as well, to ensure balanced performance between cores.

Disk

 

- Avg. Disk Queue Length

This shows the average number of both read and write requests that were queued for the selected disk during the sample interval. A bigger disk queue length may not be a problem as long as disk reads/writes are not suffering and the system is working in a steady state without expanding queuing.

Avg. Disk Read Queue Length

The average number of read requests that are queued.

Avg. Disk Write Queue Length

The average number of write requests that are queued.

Disk Reads/sec

The number of reads to disk per second.

Disk Writes/sec

The number of writes to disk per second.

Memory

 

- Available Mbytes

This shows the amount of physical memory available for allocation. Insufficient memory will lead to excessive use of the page file and an increase in the number of page faults per second.

- Cache Faults/sec

This counter shows the rate at which faults occur when a page is sought in the file system cache and is not found. This may be a soft fault, when the page is found in memory, or a hard fault, when the page is on disk.

The effective use of the cache for read and write operations can have a significant effect on server performance. You must monitor for increased cache failures, indicated by a reduction in the Async Fast Reads/sec or Read Aheads/sec.

- Pages/sec

This counter shows the rate at which pages are read from or written to disk to resolve hard page faults. If this rises, it indicates system-wide performance problems.

Paging File

 

- % Used and % Used Peak

The server paging file, sometimes called the swap file, holds "virtual" memory addresses on disk. Page faults occur when a process has to stop and wait while required "virtual" resources are retrieved from disk into memory. These will be more frequent if the physical memory is inadequate.

NIC

 

- Total Bytes/sec

This is the rate at which data is sent and received via the network interface card. You may need to investigate further if this rate is over 40-50 percent network capacity. To fine-tune your investigation, monitor Bytes received/sec and Bytes Sent/sec.

Process

 

- Working Set

This counter indicates the current size (in bytes) of the working set for a given process. This memory is reserved for the process, even if it is not in use.

- % Processor Time

This counter indicates the percentage of processor time that is used by a given process.

Thread Count (_Total)

The current number of threads.

ASP.NET

 

Requests Total

The total number of requests since the service was started.

Requests Queued

Microsoft SharePoint Foundation 2010 provides the building blocks for HTML pages that are rendered in the user browser over HTTP. This counter shows the number of requests waiting to be processed.

Request Wait Time

The number of milliseconds that the most recent request waited in the queue for processing. As the number of wait events increases, users will experience degraded page-rendering performance.

Requests Rejected

The total number of requests not executed because of insufficient server resources to process them. This counter represents the number of requests that return a 503 HTTP status code, indicating that the server is too busy.

Requests Executing (_Total)

The number of requests currently executing.

Requests/Sec (_Total)

The number of requests executed per second. This represents the current throughput of the application. Under constant load, this number should remain within a certain range, barring other server work (such as garbage collection, cache cleanup thread, external server tools, and so on).

.NET CLR Memory

 

# Gen 0 Collections

Displays the number of times the generation 0 objects (that is, the youngest, most recently allocated objects) are garbage collected since the application started. This number is useful as a ratio of #Gen 0: #Gen 1: #Gen 2 to make sure that the number of Gen 2 collections does not greatly exceed Gen 0 collections, optimally by a factor of 2.

# Gen 1 Collections

Displays the number of times the generation 1 objects are garbage collected since the application started.

# Gen 2 Collections

Displays the number of times the generation 2 objects are garbage collected since the application started. The counter is incremented at the end of a generation 2 garbage collection (also called a full garbage collection).

% Time in GC

Displays the percentage of elapsed time that was spent performing a garbage collection since the last garbage collection cycle. This counter usually indicates the work done by the garbage collector to collect and compact memory on behalf of the application. This counter is updated only at the end of every garbage collection. This counter is not an average; its value reflects the last observed value. This counter should be under 5% in normal operation.

SQL Server Counters

The following table provides information on SQL Server objects and counters.

Objects and Counters Description

General Statistics

This object provides counters to monitor general server-wide activity, such as the number of current connections and the number of users connecting and disconnecting per second from computers running an instance of SQL Server.

User Connections

This counter shows the amount of user connections on your instance of SQL Server. If you see this number rise by 500 percent from your baseline, you may see a performance reduction.

Databases

This object provides counters to monitor bulk copy operations, backup and restore throughput, and transaction log activities. Monitor transactions and the transaction log to determine how much user activity is occurring in the database and how full the transaction log is becoming. The amount of user activity can determine the performance of the database and affect log size, locking, and replication. Monitoring low-level log activity to gauge user activity and resource usage can help you to identify performance bottlenecks.

Transactions/sec

This counter shows the amount of transactions on a given database or on the entire SQL Server instance per second. This number is to help you create a baseline and to help you troubleshoot issues.

Locks

This object provides information about SQL Server locks on individual resource types.

Number of Deadlocks/sec

This counter shows the number of deadlocks on the SQL Server per second. This should normally be 0.

Average Wait Time (ms)

This counter shows the average amount of wait time for each lock request that resulted in a wait.

Lock Wait Time (ms)

This counter shows the total wait time for locks in the last second.

Lock Waits/sec

This counter shows the number of locks per second that could not be satisfied immediately and had to wait for resources.

Latches

This object provides counters to monitor internal SQL Server resource locks called latches. Monitoring the latches to determine user activity and resource usage can help you to identify performance bottlenecks.

Average Latch Wait Time (ms)

This counter shows the average latch wait time for latch requests that had to wait.

Latch Waits/sec

This counter shows the number of latch requests per second that could not be granted immediately.

SQL Statistics

This object provides counters to monitor compilation and the type of requests sent to an instance of SQL Server. Monitoring the number of query compilations and recompilations and the number of batches received by an instance of SQL Server gives you an indication of how quickly SQL Server is processing user queries and how effectively the query optimizer is processing the queries.

SQL Compilations/sec

This counter indicates the number of times the compile code path is entered per second.

SQL Re-Compilations/sec

This counter indicates the number of times statement recompiles are triggered per second.

Plan Cache

This object provides counters to monitor how SQL Server uses memory to store objects such as stored procedures, ad hoc and prepared Transact-SQL statements, and triggers.

Cache Hit Ratio

This counter indicates the ratio between cache hits and lookups for plans.

Buffer Cache

This object provides counters to monitor how SQL Server uses memory to store data pages, internal data structures, and the procedure cache, as well as counters to monitor the physical I/O as SQL Server reads and writes database pages.

Buffer Cache Hit Ratio

This counter shows the percentage of pages found in the buffer cache without having to read from disk. The ratio is the total number of cache hits divided by the total number of cache lookups since an instance of SQL Server was started.

Removing Bottlenecks

System bottlenecks represent a point of contention where there are insufficient resources to service user transaction requests. These may be physical hardware, operating environment, or application-based. Often, the reason for the bottleneck will be inefficient custom code or 3rd party solutions, and a review of those could yield better results than adding hardware. Another common cause for bottlenecks is a misconfiguration of the farm, or an inefficient solution implementation that structures data in a way that requires more resources than necessary. For a system administrator, it is essential to manage bottlenecks by constantly monitoring performance. When you identify a performance issue, you must assess the best resolution for removing the bottleneck. The performance counters and other performance monitoring applications, such as System Center Operations Manager (SCOM), are the key tools in tracking and analyzing problems, so that you can develop a solution.

Physical Bottleneck Resolution

Physical bottlenecks are based on processor, disk, memory, and network contention: too many requests are contending for too few physical resources. The objects and counters described in the Monitoring Performance topic indicate where the performance problem is located, for example, hardware processor or ASP.NET. Bottleneck resolution requires that you identify the issue and then make a change or changes that mitigate the performance problem.

Problems seldom happen instantaneously; there is usually a gradual performance degradation that you can track if you monitor regularly, using your performance monitor tool or a more sophisticated system, such as SCOM. For both of these options, to varying degrees, you can embed solutions within an alert, in the form of advisory text or scripted commands.

You may have to resolve bottleneck issues by making changes to hardware or system configurations, once you have determined that they are not caused by a misconfiguration, inefficient custom code or third party solutions, or inefficient solution implementation. The following tables identify problem threshold and possible resolution options. Some of the options suggest hardware upgrades or modifications.

Objects and Counters Problem Resolution Options

Processor

Processor - % Processor Time

Over 75-85%

Upgrade processor

Increase number of processors

Add additional server(s)

Disk

   

Avg. Disk Queue Length

Gradually increasing, system not in a steady state and queue is backing up

Increase number or speed of disks

Change array configuration to stripe

Move some data to an alternative server

% Idle Time

Less than 90%

Increase number of disks

Move data to an alternative disk or server

% Free Space

Less than 30%

Increase number of disks

Move data to an alternative disk or server

Memory

   

Available Mbytes

Less than 2GB on a Web server.

Add memory.

Note

SQL server available memory will be low, by design, and does not always indicate a problem.

Cache Faults/sec

Greater than 1

Add memory

Increase cache speed or size if possible

Move data to an alternative disk or server

Pages/sec

Greater than 10

Add memory

Paging File

   

% Used and % Used Peak

The server paging file, sometimes called the swap file, holds "virtual" memory addresses on disk. Page faults occur when a process has to stop and wait while required "virtual" resources are retrieved from disk into memory. These will be more frequent if the physical memory is inadequate.

Add memory

NIC

   

Total Bytes/sec

Over 40-50% of network capacity. This is the rate at which data is sent and received via the network interface card.

Investigate further by monitoring Bytes received/sec and Bytes Sent/sec.

Reassess network interface card speed

Check number, size, and usage of memory buffers

Process

   

Working Set

Greater than 80% of total memory

Add memory

% Processor Time

Over 75-85%.

Increase number of processors

Redistribute workload to additional servers

ASP.NET

   

Application Pool Recycles

Several per day, causing intermittent slowness.

Make sure that you have not implemented settings that automatically recycle the application pool unnecessarily throughout the day.

Requests Queued

Hundreds or thousands of requests queued.

Implement additional Web servers

The default maximum for this counter is 5,000, and you can change this setting in the Machine.config file

Request Wait Time

As the number of wait events increases, users will experience degraded page rendering performance.

Implement additional Web servers

Requests Rejected

Greater than 0

Implement additional Web servers

See Also

Concepts

Capacity management and sizing overview for SharePoint Server 2010
Performance testing for SharePoint Server 2010
Capacity planning for SharePoint Server 2010
Health monitoring (SharePoint Server 2010)
Storage and SQL Server capacity planning and configuration (SharePoint Server 2010)