Permissions

Every SQL Server 2005 securable has associated permissions that can be granted to a principal. This topic provides the following information:

• Permissions naming conventions
• Permissions related to specific securables
• SQL Server 2005 permissions
• Examples

Permissions Naming Conventions

The following describes the general conventions that are followed for naming permissions:

• CONTROL
  Confers ownership-like capabilities on the grantee. The grantee effectively has all defined permissions on the securable. A principal that has been granted CONTROL can also grant permissions on the securable. Because the SQL Server security model is hierarchical, CONTROL at a particular scope implicitly includes CONTROL on all the securables under that scope. For example, CONTROL on a database implies all permissions on the database, all permissions on all assemblies in the database, all permissions on all schemas in the database, and all permissions on objects within all schemas within the database.
• ALTER
  Confers the ability to change the properties, except ownership, of a particular securable. When granted on a scope, ALTER also bestows the ability to alter, create, or drop any securable that is contained within that scope. For example, ALTER permission on a schema includes the ability to create, alter, and drop objects from the schema.
• ALTER ANY <Server Securable>, where Server Securable can be any server securable.
  Confers the ability to create, alter, or drop individual instances of the Server Securable. For example, ALTER ANY LOGIN confers the ability to create, alter, or drop any login in the instance.
• ALTER ANY <Database Securable>, where Database Securable can be any securable at the database level.
  Confers the ability to CREATE, ALTER, or DROP individual instances of the Database Securable. For example, ALTER ANY SCHEMA confers the ability to create, alter, or drop any schema in the database.
• TAKE OWNERSHIP
  Enables the grantee to take ownership of the securable on which it is granted.
• IMPERSONATE <Login>
  Enables the grantee to impersonate the login.
• IMPERSONATE <User>
  Enables the grantee to impersonate the user.
• CREATE <Server Securable>
  Confers to the grantee the ability to create the Server Securable.
• CREATE <Database Securable>
  Confers to the grantee the ability to create the Database Securable.
• CREATE <Schema-contained Securable>
  Confers the ability to create the schema-contained securable. However, ALTER permission on the schema is required to create the securable in a particular schema.
• VIEW DEFINITION
  Enables the grantee to access metadata.
• BACKUP and DUMP are synonymous.
• RESTORE and LOAD are synonymous.

Permissions Applicable to Specific Securables

The following table lists major genera of permissions and the kinds of securables to which they may be applied.

Permission	Applies to
SELECT	Synonyms Tables and columns Table-valued functions, Transact-SQL and common language runtime (CLR), and columns Views and columns
UPDATE	Synonyms Tables and columns Views and columns
REFERENCES	Scalar and aggregate functions (Transact-SQL and CLR) SQL Server 2005 Service Broker queues Tables and columns Table-valued functions (Transact-SQL and CLR), and columns Views and columns
INSERT	Synonyms Tables and columns Views and columns
DELETE	Synonyms Tables and columns Views and columns
EXECUTE	Procedures (Transact-SQL and CLR) Scalar and aggregate functions (Transact-SQL and CLR) Synonyms
RECEIVE	Service Broker queues
VIEW DEFINITION	Procedures (Transact-SQL and CLR) Service Broker queues Scalar and aggregate functions (Transact-SQL and CLR) Synonyms Tables Table-valued functions (Transact-SQL and CLR) Views
ALTER	Procedures (Transact-SQL and CLR) Scalar and aggregate functions (Transact-SQL and CLR) Service Broker queues Tables Table-valued functions (Transact-SQL and CLR) Views
TAKE OWNERSHIP	Procedures (Transact-SQL and CLR) Scalar and aggregate functions (Transact-SQL and CLR) Synonyms Tables Table-valued functions (Transact-SQL and CLR) Views
CONTROL	Procedures (Transact-SQL and CLR) Scalar and aggregate functions (Transact-SQL and CLR) Service Broker queues Synonyms Tables Table-valued functions (Transact-SQL and CLR) Views

SQL Server 2005 Permissions

The following table provides a complete list of the SQL Server 2005 permissions.

Base securable	Granular permissions on base securable	Permission type code	Securable that contains base securable	Permission on container securable that implies granular permission on base securable
APPLICATION ROLE	ALTER	AL	DATABASE	ALTER ANY APPLICATION ROLE
APPLICATION ROLE	CONTROL	CL	DATABASE	CONTROL
APPLICATION ROLE	VIEW DEFINITION	VW	DATABASE	VIEW DEFINITION
ASSEMBLY	ALTER	AL	DATABASE	ALTER ANY ASSEMBLY
ASSEMBLY	CONTROL	CL	DATABASE	CONTROL
ASSEMBLY	EXECUTE	EX	DATABASE	EXECUTE
ASSEMBLY	REFERENCES	RF	DATABASE	REFERENCES
ASSEMBLY	TAKE OWNERSHIP	TO	DATABASE	CONTROL
ASSEMBLY	VIEW DEFINITION	VW	DATABASE	VIEW DEFINITION
ASYMMETRIC KEY	ALTER	AL	DATABASE	ALTER ANY ASYMMETRIC KEY
ASYMMETRIC KEY	CONTROL	CL	DATABASE	CONTROL
ASYMMETRIC KEY	REFERENCES	RF	DATABASE	REFERENCES
ASYMMETRIC KEY	TAKE OWNERSHIP	TO	DATABASE	CONTROL
ASYMMETRIC KEY	VIEW DEFINITION	VW	DATABASE	VIEW DEFINITION
CERTIFICATE	ALTER	AL	DATABASE	ALTER ANY CERTIFICATE
CERTIFICATE	CONTROL	CL	DATABASE	CONTROL
CERTIFICATE	REFERENCES	RF	DATABASE	REFERENCES
CERTIFICATE	TAKE OWNERSHIP	TO	DATABASE	CONTROL
CERTIFICATE	VIEW DEFINITION	VW	DATABASE	VIEW DEFINITION
CONTRACT	ALTER	AL	DATABASE	ALTER ANY CONTRACT
CONTRACT	CONTROL	CL	DATABASE	CONTROL
CONTRACT	REFERENCES	RF	DATABASE	REFERENCES
CONTRACT	TAKE OWNERSHIP	TO	DATABASE	CONTROL
CONTRACT	VIEW DEFINITION	VW	DATABASE	VIEW DEFINITION
DATABASE	ALTER	AL	SERVER	ALTER ANY DATABASE
DATABASE	ALTER ANY APPLICATION ROLE	ALAR	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	ALTER ANY ASSEMBLY	ALAS	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	ALTER ANY ASYMMETRIC KEY	ALAK	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	ALTER ANY CERTIFICATE	ALCF	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	ALTER ANY CONTRACT	ALSC	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	ALTER ANY DATABASE DDL TRIGGER	ALTG	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	ALTER ANY DATABASE EVENT NOTIFICATION	ALED	SERVER	ALTER ANY EVENT NOTIFICATION
DATABASE	ALTER ANY DATASPACE	ALDS	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	ALTER ANY FULLTEXT CATALOG	ALFT	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	ALTER ANY MESSAGE TYPE	ALMT	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	ALTER ANY REMOTE SERVICE BINDING	ALSB	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	ALTER ANY ROLE	ALRL	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	ALTER ANY ROUTE	ALRT	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	ALTER ANY SCHEMA	ALSM	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	ALTER ANY SERVICE	ALSV	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	ALTER ANY SYMMETRIC KEY	ALSK	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	ALTER ANY USER	ALUS	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	AUTHENTICATE	AUTH	SERVER	AUTHENTICATE SERVER
DATABASE	BACKUP DATABASE	BADB	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	BACKUP LOG	BALO	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	CHECKPOINT	CP	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	CONNECT	CO	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	CONNECT REPLICATION	CORP	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	CONTROL	CL	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	CREATE AGGREGATE	CRAG	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	CREATE ASSEMBLY	CRAS	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	CREATE ASYMMETRIC KEY	CRAK	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	CREATE CERTIFICATE	CRCF	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	CREATE CONTRACT	CRSC	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	CREATE DATABASE	CRDB	SERVER	CREATE ANY DATABASE
DATABASE	CREATE DATABASE DDL EVENT NOTIFICATION	CRED	SERVER	CREATE DDL EVENT NOTIFICATION
DATABASE	CREATE DEFAULT	CRDF	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	CREATE FULLTEXT CATALOG	CRFT	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	CREATE FUNCTION	CRFN	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	CREATE MESSAGE TYPE	CRMT	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	CREATE PROCEDURE	CRPR	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	CREATE QUEUE	CRQU	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	CREATE REMOTE SERVICE BINDING	CRSB	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	CREATE ROLE	CRRL	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	CREATE ROUTE	CRRT	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	CREATE RULE	CRRU	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	CREATE SCHEMA	CRSM	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	CREATE SERVICE	CRSV	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	CREATE SYMMETRIC KEY	CRSK	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	CREATE SYNONYM	CRSN	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	CREATE TABLE	CRTB	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	CREATE TYPE	CRTY	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	CREATE VIEW	CRVW	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	CREATE XML SCHEMA COLLECTION	CRXS	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	DELETE	DL	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	EXECUTE	EX	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	INSERT	IN	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	REFERENCES	RF	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	SELECT	SL	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	SHOWPLAN	SPLN	SERVER	ALTER TRACE
DATABASE	SUBSCRIBE QUERY NOTIFICATIONS	SUQN	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	TAKE OWNERSHIP	TO	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	UPDATE	UP	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
DATABASE	VIEW DATABASE STATE	VWDS	SERVER	VIEW SERVER STATE
DATABASE	VIEW DEFINITION	VW	SERVER	VIEW ANY DEFINITION
ENDPOINT	ALTER	AL	SERVER	ALTER ANY ENDPOINT
ENDPOINT	CONNECT	CO	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
ENDPOINT	CONTROL	CL	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
ENDPOINT	TAKE OWNERSHIP	TO	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
ENDPOINT	VIEW DEFINITION	VW	SERVER	VIEW ANY DEFINITION
FULLTEXT CATALOG	ALTER	AL	DATABASE	ALTER ANY FULLTEXT CATALOG
FULLTEXT CATALOG	CONTROL	CL	DATABASE	CONTROL
FULLTEXT CATALOG	REFERENCES	RF	DATABASE	REFERENCES
FULLTEXT CATALOG	TAKE OWNERSHIP	TO	DATABASE	CONTROL
FULLTEXT CATALOG	VIEW DEFINITION	VW	DATABASE	VIEW DEFINITION
LOGIN	ALTER	AL	SERVER	ALTER ANY LOGIN
LOGIN	CONTROL	CL	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
LOGIN	IMPERSONATE	IM	SERVER	CONTROL SERVER
LOGIN	VIEW DEFINITION	VW	SERVER	VIEW ANY DEFINITION
MESSAGE TYPE	ALTER	AL	DATABASE	ALTER ANY MESSAGE TYPE
MESSAGE TYPE	CONTROL	CL	DATABASE	CONTROL
MESSAGE TYPE	REFERENCES	RF	DATABASE	REFERENCES
MESSAGE TYPE	TAKE OWNERSHIP	TO	DATABASE	CONTROL
MESSAGE TYPE	VIEW DEFINITION	VW	DATABASE	VIEW DEFINITION
OBJECT	ALTER	AL	SCHEMA	ALTER
OBJECT	CONTROL	CL	SCHEMA	CONTROL
OBJECT	DELETE	DL	SCHEMA	DELETE
OBJECT	EXECUTE	EX	SCHEMA	EXECUTE
OBJECT	INSERT	IN	SCHEMA	INSERT
OBJECT	RECEIVE	RC	SCHEMA	CONTROL
OBJECT	REFERENCES	RF	SCHEMA	REFERENCES
OBJECT	SELECT	SL	SCHEMA	SELECT
OBJECT	TAKE OWNERSHIP	TO	SCHEMA	CONTROL
OBJECT	UPDATE	UP	SCHEMA	UPDATE
OBJECT	VIEW DEFINITION	VW	SCHEMA	VIEW DEFINITION
REMOTE SERVICE BINDING	ALTER	AL	DATABASE	ALTER ANY REMOTE SERVICE BINDING
REMOTE SERVICE BINDING	CONTROL	CL	DATABASE	CONTROL
REMOTE SERVICE BINDING	TAKE OWNERSHIP	TO	DATABASE	CONTROL
REMOTE SERVICE BINDING	VIEW DEFINITION	VW	DATABASE	VIEW DEFINITION
ROLE	ALTER	AL	DATABASE	ALTER ANY ROLE
ROLE	CONTROL	CL	DATABASE	CONTROL
ROLE	TAKE OWNERSHIP	TO	DATABASE	CONTROL
ROLE	VIEW DEFINITION	VW	DATABASE	VIEW DEFINITION
ROUTE	ALTER	AL	DATABASE	ALTER ANY ROUTE
ROUTE	CONTROL	CL	DATABASE	CONTROL
ROUTE	TAKE OWNERSHIP	TO	DATABASE	CONTROL
ROUTE	VIEW DEFINITION	VW	DATABASE	VIEW DEFINITION
SCHEMA	ALTER	AL	DATABASE	ALTER ANY SCHEMA
SCHEMA	CONTROL	CL	DATABASE	CONTROL
SCHEMA	DELETE	DL	DATABASE	DELETE
SCHEMA	EXECUTE	EX	DATABASE	EXECUTE
SCHEMA	INSERT	IN	DATABASE	INSERT
SCHEMA	REFERENCES	RF	DATABASE	REFERENCES
SCHEMA	SELECT	SL	DATABASE	SELECT
SCHEMA	TAKE OWNERSHIP	TO	DATABASE	CONTROL
SCHEMA	UPDATE	UP	DATABASE	UPDATE
SCHEMA	VIEW DEFINITION	VW	DATABASE	VIEW DEFINITION
SERVER	ADMINISTER BULK OPERATIONS	ADBO	Not applicable	Not applicable
SERVER	ALTER ANY CONNECTION	ALCO	Not applicable	Not applicable
SERVER	ALTER ANY CREDENTIAL	ALCD	Not applicable	Not applicable
SERVER	ALTER ANY DATABASE	ALDB	Not applicable	Not applicable
SERVER	ALTER ANY ENDPOINT	ALHE	Not applicable	Not applicable
SERVER	ALTER ANY EVENT NOTIFICATION	ALES	Not applicable	Not applicable
SERVER	ALTER ANY LINKED SERVER	ALLS	Not applicable	Not applicable
SERVER	ALTER ANY LOGIN	ALLG	Not applicable	Not applicable
SERVER	ALTER RESOURCES	ALRS	Not applicable	Not applicable
SERVER	ALTER SERVER STATE	ALSS	Not applicable	Not applicable
SERVER	ALTER SETTINGS	ALST	Not applicable	Not applicable
SERVER	ALTER TRACE	ALTR	Not applicable	Not applicable
SERVER	AUTHENTICATE SERVER	AUTH	Not applicable	Not applicable
SERVER	CONNECT SQL	COSQ	Not applicable	Not applicable
SERVER	CONTROL SERVER	CL	Not applicable	Not applicable
SERVER	CREATE ANY DATABASE	CRDB	Not applicable	Not applicable
SERVER	CREATE DDL EVENT NOTIFICATION	CRDE	Not applicable	Not applicable
SERVER	CREATE ENDPOINT	CRHE	Not applicable	Not applicable
SERVER	CREATE TRACE EVENT NOTIFICATION	CRTE	Not applicable	Not applicable
SERVER	EXTERNAL ACCESS ASSEMBLY	XA	Not applicable	Not applicable
SERVER	SHUTDOWN	SHDN	Not applicable	Not applicable
SERVER	UNSAFE ASSEMBLY	XU	Not applicable	Not applicable
SERVER	VIEW ANY DATABASE	VWDB	Not applicable	Not applicable
SERVER	VIEW ANY DEFINITION	VWAD	Not applicable	Not applicable
SERVER	VIEW SERVER STATE	VWSS	Not applicable	Not applicable
SERVICE	ALTER	AL	DATABASE	ALTER ANY SERVICE
SERVICE	CONTROL	CL	DATABASE	CONTROL
SERVICE	SEND	SN	DATABASE	CONTROL
SERVICE	TAKE OWNERSHIP	TO	DATABASE	CONTROL
SERVICE	VIEW DEFINITION	VW	DATABASE	VIEW DEFINITION
SYMMETRIC KEY	ALTER	AL	DATABASE	ALTER ANY SYMMETRIC KEY
SYMMETRIC KEY	CONTROL	CL	DATABASE	CONTROL
SYMMETRIC KEY	REFERENCES	RF	DATABASE	REFERENCES
SYMMETRIC KEY	TAKE OWNERSHIP	TO	DATABASE	CONTROL
SYMMETRIC KEY	VIEW DEFINITION	VW	DATABASE	VIEW DEFINITION
TYPE	CONTROL	CL	SCHEMA	CONTROL
TYPE	EXECUTE	EX	SCHEMA	EXECUTE
TYPE	REFERENCES	RF	SCHEMA	REFERENCES
TYPE	TAKE OWNERSHIP	TO	SCHEMA	CONTROL
TYPE	VIEW DEFINITION	VW	SCHEMA	VIEW DEFINITION
USER	ALTER	AL	DATABASE	ALTER ANY USER
USER	CONTROL	CL	DATABASE	CONTROL
USER	IMPERSONATE	IM	DATABASE	CONTROL
USER	VIEW DEFINITION	VW	DATABASE	VIEW DEFINITION
XML SCHEMA COLLECTION	ALTER	AL	SCHEMA	ALTER
XML SCHEMA COLLECTION	CONTROL	CL	SCHEMA	CONTROL
XML SCHEMA COLLECTION	EXECUTE	EX	SCHEMA	EXECUTE
XML SCHEMA COLLECTION	REFERENCES	RF	SCHEMA	REFERENCES
XML SCHEMA COLLECTION	TAKE OWNERSHIP	TO	SCHEMA	CONTROL
XML SCHEMA COLLECTION	VIEW DEFINITION	VW	SCHEMA	VIEW DEFINITION
APPLICATION ROLE	ALTER	AL	DATABASE	ALTER ANY APPLICATION ROLE
APPLICATION ROLE	CONTROL	CL	DATABASE	CONTROL
APPLICATION ROLE	VIEW DEFINITION	VW	DATABASE	VIEW DEFINITION
ASSEMBLY	ALTER	AL	DATABASE	ALTER ANY ASSEMBLY
ASSEMBLY	CONTROL	CL	DATABASE	CONTROL
ASSEMBLY	EXECUTE	EX	DATABASE	EXECUTE
ASSEMBLY	REFERENCES	RF	DATABASE	REFERENCES
ASSEMBLY	TAKE OWNERSHIP	TO	DATABASE	CONTROL
ASSEMBLY	VIEW DEFINITION	VW	DATABASE	VIEW DEFINITION

Examples

The following examples show how you can retrieve permissions information.

A. Returning the complete list of grantable permissions

SELECT * FROM fn_builtin_permissions(default);
GO

B. Returning the permissions on a particular class of objects

The following example returns permissions on assemblies.

SELECT * FROM fn_builtin_permissions('assembly');
GO  

C. Returning the permissions granted to the executing principal on an object

The following example returns permissions on an object named Orders55.

SELECT * FROM fn_my_permissions('Orders55', 'object');
GO

D. Returning the permissions applicable to a specified object

The following example returns permissions applicable to an object called Yttrium. Note that the built-in function OBJECT_ID is used to retrieve the ID of object Yttrium.

SELECT * FROM sys.database_permissions 
    WHERE major_id = OBJECT_ID('Yttrium');
GO

See Also

Concepts

Permissions of Fixed Database Roles
Permissions of Fixed Server Roles
Securables

Other Resources

sys.fn_builtin_permissions (Transact-SQL)
sys.database_permissions (Transact-SQL)
sys.database_principals (Transact-SQL)
sys.database_role_members (Transact-SQL)
sys.server_permissions (Transact-SQL)
sys.server_principals (Transact-SQL)
sys.server_role_members (Transact-SQL)
sys.sql_logins (Transact-SQL)
sys.certificates (Transact-SQL)
sys.symmetric_keys (Transact-SQL)
sys.asymmetric_keys (Transact-SQL)
sys.key_encryptions (Transact-SQL)
sys.crypt_properties (Transact-SQL)
sys.credentials (Transact-SQL)
OBJECT_ID (Transact-SQL)

Help and Information

Getting SQL Server 2005 Assistance