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sp_settriggerorder (Transact-SQL)

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Applies to: SQL Server Azure SQL Database Azure SQL Managed Instance

Specifies the AFTER triggers that are fired first or last. The AFTER triggers that are fired between the first and last triggers are executed in undefined order.

Transact-SQL syntax conventions

Syntax

sp_settriggerorder
    [ @triggername = ] N'triggername'
    , [ @order = ] 'order'
    , [ @stmttype = ] 'stmttype'
    [ , [ @namespace = ] 'DATABASE' | 'SERVER' | NULL ]
[ ; ]

Arguments

[ @triggername = ] N'triggername'

The name of the trigger and the schema to which it belongs, if applicable, whose order is to be set or changed. @triggername is nvarchar(517), with no default, and is in the format [ trigger_schema . ] trigger_name. If the name doesn't correspond to a trigger or if the name corresponds to an INSTEAD OF trigger, the procedure returns an error. A schema can't be specified for DDL or logon triggers.

[ @order = ] 'order'

The setting for the new order of the trigger. @order is varchar(10), and can be any one of the following values.

Value Description
First Trigger is fired first.
Last Trigger is fired last.
None Trigger is fired in undefined order.

Important

The First and Last triggers must be two different triggers.

[ @stmttype = ] 'stmttype'

Specifies the Transact-SQL statement that fires the trigger. @stmttype is varchar(50), and can be INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, LOGON, or any T-SQL statement event listed in DDL Events. Event groups can't be specified.

A trigger can be designated as the First or Last trigger for a statement type only after that trigger was defined as a trigger for that statement type. For example, trigger TR1 can be designated First for INSERT on table T1 if TR1 is defined as an INSERT trigger. The Database Engine returns an error if TR1, which was defined only as an INSERT trigger, is set as a First or Last trigger for an UPDATE statement. For more information, see the Remarks section.

@namespace = { 'DATABASE' | 'SERVER' | NULL }

When @triggername is a DDL trigger, @namespace specifies whether @triggername was created with database scope or server scope. If @triggername is a logon trigger, SERVER must be specified. For more information about DDL trigger scope, see DDL Triggers. If not specified, or if NULL is specified, @triggername is a DML trigger.

Return code values

0 (success) and 1 (failure).

Remarks

This section discusses considerations for data manipulation language (DML) and data definition language (DDL) triggers.

DML triggers

There can be only one First and one Last trigger for each statement on a single table.

If a First trigger is already defined on the table, database, or server, you can't designate a new trigger as First for the same table, database, or server for the same @stmttype. This restriction also applies Last triggers.

Replication automatically generates a first trigger for any table that is included in an immediate updating or queued updating subscription. Replication requires that its trigger is the first trigger. Replication raises an error when you try to include a table with a first trigger in an immediate updating or queued updating subscription. If you try to make a trigger a first trigger after a table is included in a subscription, sp_settriggerorder returns an error. If you use ALTER TRIGGER on the replication trigger, or use sp_settriggerorder to change the replication trigger to a Last or None trigger, the subscription doesn't function correctly.

DDL triggers

If a DDL trigger with database scope and a DDL trigger with server scope exist on the same event, you can specify that both triggers be a First trigger or a Last trigger. However, server-scoped triggers always fire first. In general, the order of execution of DDL triggers that exist on the same event is as follows:

  1. The server-level trigger marked First
  2. Other server-level triggers
  3. The server-level trigger marked Last
  4. The database-level trigger marked First
  5. Other database-level triggers
  6. The database-level trigger marked Last

General trigger considerations

If an ALTER TRIGGER statement changes a first or last trigger, the First or Last attribute originally set on the trigger is dropped, and the value is replaced by None. The order value must be reset by using sp_settriggerorder.

If the same trigger must be designated as the first or last order for more than one statement type, sp_settriggerorder must be executed for each statement type. Also, the trigger must be first defined for a statement type before it can be designated as the First or Last trigger to fire for that statement type.

Permissions

Setting the order of a DDL trigger with server scope (created ON ALL SERVER) or a logon trigger requires CONTROL SERVER permission.

Setting the order of a DDL trigger with database scope (created ON DATABASE) requires ALTER ANY DATABASE DDL TRIGGER permission.

Setting the order of a DML trigger requires ALTER permission on the table or view on which the trigger is defined.

Examples

A. Set the firing order for a DML trigger

The following example specifies that trigger uSalesOrderHeader is the first trigger to fire after an UPDATE operation occurs on the Sales.SalesOrderHeader table.

USE AdventureWorks2022;
GO

EXEC sp_settriggerorder @triggername = 'Sales.uSalesOrderHeader',
    @order = 'First',
    @stmttype = 'UPDATE';

B. Set the firing order for a DDL trigger

The following example specifies that trigger ddlDatabaseTriggerLog is the first trigger to fire after an ALTER_TABLE event occurs in the AdventureWorks2022 database.

USE AdventureWorks2022;
GO

EXEC sp_settriggerorder @triggername = 'ddlDatabaseTriggerLog',
    @order = 'First',
    @stmttype = 'ALTER_TABLE',
    @namespace = 'DATABASE';

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