Thanks for the update. Did you remove the old phone for this email from your Microsoft account security devices?
Outlook mobile will block the setup if the old device is still linked or if the email provider requires modern authentication for new sign ins. Please sign in to your Microsoft account online, go to Security, remove the old phone, then try adding the address again. If the provider uses app passwords or special server settings, confirm those with the mailbox admin because Outlook needs the correct permission before setup continues.