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vsprintf, _vsprintf_l, vswprintf, _vswprintf_l, __vswprintf_l

Write formatted output using a pointer to a list of arguments. More secure versions of these functions are available; see vsprintf_s, _vsprintf_s_l, vswprintf_s, _vswprintf_s_l.

int vsprintf(
   char *buffer,
   const char *format,
   va_list argptr 
); 
int _vsprintf_l(
   char *buffer,
   const char *format,
   locale_t locale,
   va_list argptr 
); 
int vswprintf(
   wchar_t *buffer,
   size_t count,
   const wchar_t *format,
   va_list argptr 
);
int _vswprintf_l(
   wchar_t *buffer,
   size_t count,
   const wchar_t *format,
   locale_t locale,
   va_list argptr 
);
int __vswprintf_l(
   wchar_t *buffer,
   const wchar_t *format,
   locale_t locale,
   va_list argptr 
);
template <size_t size>
int vsprintf(
   char (&buffer)[size],
   const char *format,
   va_list argptr 
); // C++ only
template <size_t size>
int _vsprintf_l(
   char (&buffer)[size],
   const char *format,
   locale_t locale,
   va_list argptr 
); // C++ only
template <size_t size>
int vswprintf(
   wchar_t (&buffer)[size],
   size_t count,
   const wchar_t *format,
   va_list argptr 
); // C++ only
template <size_t size>
int _vswprintf_l(
   wchar_t (&buffer)[size],
   size_t count,
   const wchar_t *format,
   locale_t locale,
   va_list argptr 
); // C++ only

Parameters

  • buffer
    Storage location for output.

  • count
    Maximum number of characters to store, in the UNICODE version of this function.

  • format
    Format specification.

  • argptr
    Pointer to list of arguments.

  • locale
    The locale to use.

Return Value

vsprintf and vswprintf return the number of characters written, not including the terminating null character, or a negative value if an output error occurs. If buffer or format is a null pointer, these functions invoke the invalid parameter handler, as described in Parameter Validation. If execution is allowed to continue, these functions return -1 and set errno to EINVAL.

For information on these and other error codes, see _doserrno, errno, _sys_errlist, and _sys_nerr.

Remarks

Each of these functions takes a pointer to an argument list, and then formats and writes the given data to the memory pointed to by buffer.

The versions of these functions with the _l suffix are identical except that they use the locale parameter passed in instead of the current thread locale.

Security noteSecurity Note:

Using vsprintf, here is no way to limit the number of characters written, which means that code using this function is susceptible to buffer overruns. Use _vsnprintf instead, or call _vscprintf to determine how large a buffer is needed. Also, ensure that format is not a user-defined string. For more information, see Avoiding Buffer Overruns.

In Visual C++ 2005, vswprintf conforms to the ISO C Standard, which requires the second parameter, count, of type size_t. To force the old nonstandard behavior, define _CRT_NON_CONFORMING_SWPRINTFS. The old behavior may not be in a future version, so code should be changed to use the new conformant behavior.

In C++, these functions have template overloads that invoke the newer, secure counterparts of these functions. For more information, see Secure Template Overloads.

Generic-Text Routine Mappings

TCHAR.H routine

_UNICODE & _MBCS not defined

_MBCS defined

_UNICODE defined

_vstprintf

vsprintf

vsprintf

vswprintf

_vstprintf_l

_vsprintf_l

_vsprintf_l

_vswprintf_l

Requirements

Routine

Required header

Optional headers

vsprintf, _vsprintf_l

<stdio.h> and <stdarg.h>

<varargs.h>*

vswprintf, _vswprintf_l

<stdio.h> or <wchar.h>, and <stdarg.h>

<varargs.h>*

* Required for UNIX V compatibility.

For additional compatibility information, see Compatibility in the Introduction.

Example

// crt_vsprintf.c
// compile with: /W3
// This program uses vsprintf to write to a buffer.
// The size of the buffer is determined by _vscprintf.

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdarg.h>

void test( char * format, ... )
{
    va_list args;
    int     len;
    char    *buffer;

    // retrieve the variable arguments
    va_start( args, format );
    
    len = _vscprintf( format, args ) // _vscprintf doesn't count
                                + 1; // terminating '\0'
    
    buffer = (char*)malloc( len * sizeof(char) );

    vsprintf( buffer, format, args ); // C4996
    // Note: vsprintf is deprecated; consider using vsprintf_s instead
    puts( buffer );

    free( buffer );
}

int main( void )
{
   test( "%d %c %d", 123, '<', 456 );
   test( "%s", "This is a string" );
}

123 < 456 This is a string

.NET Framework Equivalent

System::String::Format

See Also

Reference

Stream I/O

vprintf Functions

Format Specification Fields: printf and wprintf Functions

fprintf, _fprintf_l, fwprintf, _fwprintf_l

printf, _printf_l, wprintf, _wprintf_l

sprintf, _sprintf_l, swprintf, _swprintf_l, __swprintf_l

va_arg, va_end, va_start