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How to: Raise and Consume Events

The following example program demonstrates raising an event in one class and handling the event in another class. The AlarmClock class defines the public event Alarm, and provides methods to raise the event. The AlarmEventArgs class derives from EventArgs and defines the data specific to an Alarm event. The WakeMeUp class defines the method AlarmRang, which handles an Alarm event. The AlarmDriver class uses the classes together, setting the AlarmRang method of WakeMeUp to handle the Alarm event of the AlarmClock.

This example program uses concepts described in detail in Events and Delegates and Raising an Event.

Example

Imports System

Namespace EventSample

    ' Class that contains the data for 
    ' the alarm event. Derives from System.EventArgs. 
    ' 
    Public Class AlarmEventArgs
        Inherits EventArgs
        Private _snoozePressed As Boolean 
        Private nrings As Integer 

        'Constructor. 
        ' 
        Public Sub New(snoozePressed As Boolean, nrings As Integer)
            Me._snoozePressed = snoozePressed
            Me.nrings = nrings
        End Sub 

        ' The NumRings property returns the number of rings 
        ' that the alarm clock has sounded when the alarm event 
        ' is generated. 
        ' 
        Public ReadOnly Property NumRings() As Integer 
            Get 
                Return nrings
            End Get 
        End Property 

        ' The SnoozePressed property indicates whether the snooze 
        ' button is pressed on the alarm when the alarm event is generated. 
        ' 
        Public ReadOnly Property SnoozePressed() As Boolean 
            Get 
                Return _snoozePressed
            End Get 
        End Property 

        ' The AlarmText property that contains the wake-up message. 
        ' 
        Public ReadOnly Property AlarmText() As String 
            Get 
                If _snoozePressed Then 
                    Return "Wake Up!!! Snooze time is over." 
                Else 
                    Return "Wake Up!" 
                End If 
            End Get 
        End Property 
    End Class 


    ' Delegate declaration. 
    ' 
    Public Delegate Sub AlarmEventHandler(sender As Object, e As AlarmEventArgs)

    ' The Alarm class that raises the alarm event. 
    ' 
    Public Class AlarmClock
        Private _snoozePressed As Boolean = False 
        Private nrings As Integer = 0
        Private stopFlag As Boolean = False 

        ' The Stop property indicates whether the 
        ' alarm should be turned off. 
        ' 
        Public Property [Stop]() As Boolean 
            Get 
                Return stopFlag
            End Get 
            Set
                stopFlag = value
            End Set 
        End Property 

        ' The SnoozePressed property indicates whether the snooze 
        ' button is pressed on the alarm when the alarm event is generated. 
        ' 
        Public Property SnoozePressed() As Boolean 
            Get 
                Return _snoozePressed
            End Get 
            Set
                _snoozePressed = value
            End Set 
        End Property 

        ' The event member that is of type AlarmEventHandler. 
        ' 
        Public Event Alarm As AlarmEventHandler

        ' The protected OnAlarm method raises the event by invoking 
        ' the delegates. The sender is always this, the current instance 
        ' of the class. 
        ' 
        Protected Overridable Sub OnAlarm(e As AlarmEventArgs)
            RaiseEvent Alarm(Me, e)
        End Sub 

        ' This alarm clock does not have 
        ' a user interface. 
        ' To simulate the alarm mechanism it has a loop 
        ' that raises the alarm event at every iteration 
        ' with a time delay of 300 milliseconds, 
        ' if snooze is not pressed. If snooze is pressed, 
        ' the time delay is 1000 milliseconds. 
        ' 
        Public Sub Start()
            Do
                nrings += 1
                If stopFlag Then 
                    Exit Do 
                Else 
                    If _snoozePressed Then
                        System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000)
                    Else
                        System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(300)
                    End If 
                    Dim e As New AlarmEventArgs(_snoozePressed, nrings)
                    OnAlarm(e)
                End If 
            Loop 
        End Sub 
    End Class 

   ' The WakeMeUp class has a method AlarmRang that handles the 
   ' alarm event. 
   ' 
   Public Class WakeMeUp
      Friend Sub AlarmRang(sender As Object, e As AlarmEventArgs)

         Console.WriteLine((e.AlarmText + ControlChars.Cr))

         If Not e.SnoozePressed Then 
            If e.NumRings Mod 10 = 0 Then
               Console.WriteLine(" Let alarm ring? Enter Y")
               Console.WriteLine(" Press Snooze? Enter N")
               Console.WriteLine(" Stop Alarm? Enter Q")
               Dim input As String = Console.ReadLine()

               If input.Equals("Y") Or input.Equals("y") Then 
                  Return 

               Else 
                  If input.Equals("N") Or input.Equals("n") Then 
                     CType(sender, AlarmClock).SnoozePressed = True 
                     Return 
                  Else 
                     CType(sender, AlarmClock).Stop = True 
                     Return 
                  End If 
               End If 
            End If 
         Else
            Console.WriteLine(" Let alarm ring? Enter Y")
            Console.WriteLine(" Stop Alarm? Enter Q")
            Dim input As String = Console.ReadLine()
            If input.Equals("Y") Or input.Equals("y") Then 
               Return 
            Else 
               CType(sender, AlarmClock).Stop = True 
               Return 
            End If 
         End If 
      End Sub 
   End Class 

   ' The driver class that hooks up the event handling method of 
   ' WakeMeUp to the alarm event of an Alarm object using a delegate. 
   ' In a forms-based application, the driver class is the 
   ' form. 
   ' 
   Public Class AlarmDriver
      Public Shared Sub Main()
         ' Instantiates the event receiver. 
         Dim w As New WakeMeUp()

         ' Instantiates the event source. 
         Dim clock As New AlarmClock()

         ' Wires the AlarmRang method to the Alarm event. 
         AddHandler clock.Alarm, AddressOf w.AlarmRang

         clock.Start()
      End Sub 
   End Class 
End Namespace
using System;

namespace EventSample
{
    // Class that contains the data for 
    // the alarm event. Derives from System.EventArgs. 
    // 
    public class AlarmEventArgs : EventArgs
    {
        private bool snoozePressed;
        private int nrings;

        //Constructor. 
        // 
        public AlarmEventArgs(bool snoozePressed, int nrings)
        {
            this.snoozePressed = snoozePressed;
            this.nrings = nrings;
        }

        // The NumRings property returns the number of rings 
        // that the alarm clock has sounded when the alarm event 
        // is generated. 
        // 
        public int NumRings
        {
            get { return nrings;}
        }

        // The SnoozePressed property indicates whether the snooze 
        // button is pressed on the alarm when the alarm event is generated. 
        // 
        public bool SnoozePressed
        {
            get {return snoozePressed;}
        }

        // The AlarmText property that contains the wake-up message. 
        // 
        public string AlarmText
        {
            get
            {
                if (snoozePressed)
                {
                    return ("Wake Up!!! Snooze time is over.");
                }
                else
                {
                    return ("Wake Up!");
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // Delegate declaration. 
    // 
    public delegate void AlarmEventHandler(object sender, AlarmEventArgs e);

    // The Alarm class that raises the alarm event. 
    // 
    public class AlarmClock
    {
        private bool snoozePressed = false;
        private int nrings = 0;
        private bool stop = false;

        // The Stop property indicates whether the 
        // alarm should be turned off. 
        // 
        public bool Stop
        {
            get {return stop;}
            set {stop = value;}
        }

        // The SnoozePressed property indicates whether the snooze 
        // button is pressed on the alarm when the alarm event is generated. 
        // 
        public bool SnoozePressed
        {
            get {return snoozePressed;}
            set {snoozePressed = value;}
        }

        // The event member that is of type AlarmEventHandler. 
        // 
        public event AlarmEventHandler Alarm;

        // The protected OnAlarm method raises the event by invoking 
        // the delegates. The sender is always this, the current instance 
        // of the class. 
        // 
        protected virtual void OnAlarm(AlarmEventArgs e)
        {
            AlarmEventHandler handler = Alarm;
            if (handler != null)
            {
                // Invokes the delegates.
                handler(this, e);
            }
        }

        // This alarm clock does not have 
        // a user interface. 
        // To simulate the alarm mechanism it has a loop 
        // that raises the alarm event at every iteration 
        // with a time delay of 300 milliseconds, 
        // if snooze is not pressed. If snooze is pressed, 
        // the time delay is 1000 milliseconds. 
        // 
        public void Start()
        {
            for (;;)
            {
                nrings++;
                if (stop)
                {
                    break;
                }
                else
                {
                    if (snoozePressed)
                    {
                        System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(300);
                    }
                    AlarmEventArgs e = new AlarmEventArgs(snoozePressed, nrings);
                    OnAlarm(e);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // The WakeMeUp class has a method AlarmRang that handles the 
    // alarm event. 
    // 
    public class WakeMeUp
    {
        internal void AlarmRang(object sender, AlarmEventArgs e)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(e.AlarmText +"\n");

            if (!(e.SnoozePressed))
            {
                if (e.NumRings % 10 == 0)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(" Let alarm ring? Enter Y");
                    Console.WriteLine(" Press Snooze? Enter N");
                    Console.WriteLine(" Stop Alarm? Enter Q");
                    String input = Console.ReadLine();

                    if (input.Equals("Y") ||input.Equals("y"))
                    {
                        return;
                    }
                    else if (input.Equals("N") || input.Equals("n"))
                    {
                        ((AlarmClock)sender).SnoozePressed = true;
                        return;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        ((AlarmClock)sender).Stop = true;
                        return;
                    }
                }
            }
            else
            {
                Console.WriteLine(" Let alarm ring? Enter Y");
                Console.WriteLine(" Stop Alarm? Enter Q");
                String input = Console.ReadLine();
                if (input.Equals("Y") || input.Equals("y"))
                {
                    return;
                }
                else
                {
                    ((AlarmClock)sender).Stop = true;
                    return;
                }
            }
        }
    }


    // The driver class that hooks up the event handling method of 
    // WakeMeUp to the alarm event of an Alarm object using a delegate. 
    // In a forms-based application, the driver class is the 
    // form. 
    // 
    public class AlarmDriver
    {
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            // Instantiates the event receiver.
            WakeMeUp w = new WakeMeUp();

            // Instantiates the event source.
            AlarmClock clock = new AlarmClock();

            // Wires the AlarmRang method to the Alarm event.
            clock.Alarm += new AlarmEventHandler(w.AlarmRang);

            clock.Start();
        }
    }
}
using namespace System;

namespace EventSample
{
    // Class that contains the data for 
    // the alarm event. Derives from System.EventArgs. 
    // 
    public ref class AlarmEventArgs : EventArgs
    {
    private:
        bool snoozePressed;
        int nrings;

    public:
        //Constructor. 
        //
        AlarmEventArgs(bool snoozePressed, int nrings)
        {
            this->snoozePressed = snoozePressed;
            this->nrings = nrings;
        }

        // The NumRings property returns the number of rings 
        // that the alarm clock has sounded when the alarm event 
        // is generated. 
        // 
        property int NumRings
        {
            int get() { return nrings;}
        }

        // The SnoozePressed property indicates whether the snooze 
        // button is pressed on the alarm when the alarm event is generated. 
        // 
        property bool SnoozePressed
        {
            bool get() {return snoozePressed;}
        }

        // The AlarmText property that contains the wake-up message. 
        // 
        property String^ AlarmText
        {
            String^ get()
            {
                if (snoozePressed)
                {
                    return ("Wake Up!!! Snooze time is over.");
                }
                else
                {
                    return ("Wake Up!");
                }
            }
        }
    };

    // Delegate declaration. 
    // 
    public delegate void AlarmEventHandler(Object^ sender, AlarmEventArgs^ e);

    // The Alarm class that raises the alarm event. 
    // 
    public ref class AlarmClock
    {
    private:
        bool snoozePressed;
        int nrings;
        bool stop;

        // The Stop property indicates whether the 
        // alarm should be turned off. 
        // 
    public:
        AlarmClock()
        {
            snoozePressed = false;
            nrings = 0;
            stop = false;
        }

        property bool Stop
        {
            bool get() {return stop;}
            void set(bool value) {stop = value;}
        }

        // The SnoozePressed property indicates whether the snooze 
        // button is pressed on the alarm when the alarm event is generated. 
        // 
        property bool SnoozePressed
        {
            bool get() {return snoozePressed;}
            void set(bool value) {snoozePressed = value;}
        }
        // The event member that is of type AlarmEventHandler. 
        // 
        event AlarmEventHandler^ Alarm;

      // The protected OnAlarm method raises the event by invoking 
      // the delegates. The sender is always this, the current instance 
      // of the class. 
      // 
    protected:
        virtual void OnAlarm(AlarmEventArgs^ e)
        {
            Alarm(this, e);
        }

    public:
        // This alarm clock does not have 
        // a user interface. 
        // To simulate the alarm mechanism it has a loop 
        // that raises the alarm event at every iteration 
        // with a time delay of 300 milliseconds, 
        // if snooze is not pressed. If snooze is pressed, 
        // the time delay is 1000 milliseconds. 
        // 
        void Start()
        {
            for (;;)
            {
                nrings++;
                if (stop)
                {
                    break;
                }
                else
                {
                    if (snoozePressed)
                    {
                        System::Threading::Thread::Sleep(1000);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        System::Threading::Thread::Sleep(300);
                    }
                    AlarmEventArgs^ e = gcnew AlarmEventArgs(snoozePressed, nrings);
                    OnAlarm(e);
                }
            }
        }
    };

    // The WakeMeUp class has a method AlarmRang that handles the 
    // alarm event. 
    // 
    public ref class WakeMeUp
    {
    internal:
        void AlarmRang(Object^ sender, AlarmEventArgs^ e)
        {
            Console::WriteLine(e->AlarmText + "\n");

            if (!(e->SnoozePressed))
            {
                if (e->NumRings % 10 == 0)
                {
                    Console::WriteLine(" Let alarm ring? Enter Y");
                    Console::WriteLine(" Press Snooze? Enter N");
                    Console::WriteLine(" Stop Alarm? Enter Q");
                    String^ input = Console::ReadLine();

                    if (input->Equals("Y") ||input->Equals("y"))
                    {
                        return;
                    }
                    else if (input->Equals("N") || input->Equals("n"))
                    {
                        ((AlarmClock^)sender)->SnoozePressed = true;
                        return;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        ((AlarmClock^)sender)->Stop = true;
                        return;
                    }
                }
            }
            else
            {
                Console::WriteLine(" Let alarm ring? Enter Y");
                Console::WriteLine(" Stop Alarm? Enter Q");
                String^ input = Console::ReadLine();
                if (input->Equals("Y") || input->Equals("y"))
                {
                    return;
                }
                else
                {
                    ((AlarmClock^)sender)->Stop = true;
                    return;
                }
            }
        }
    };


    // The driver class that hooks up the event handling method of 
    // WakeMeUp to the alarm event of an Alarm object using a delegate. 
    // In a forms-based application, the driver class is the 
    // form. 
    // 
    public ref class AlarmDriver
    {
    public:
        static void Main()
        {
            // Instantiates the event receiver.
            WakeMeUp^ w= gcnew WakeMeUp();

            // Instantiates the event source.
            AlarmClock^ clock = gcnew AlarmClock();

            // Wires the AlarmRang method to the Alarm event.
            clock->Alarm += gcnew AlarmEventHandler(w, &WakeMeUp::AlarmRang);

            clock->Start();
        }
    };
}

int main()
{
    EventSample::AlarmDriver::Main();
}

See Also

Concepts

Raising an Event

Events and Delegates

Other Resources

Handling and Raising Events