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Relative bindings

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.NET Multi-platform App UI (.NET MAUI) relative bindings provide the ability to set the binding source relative to the position of the binding target. They are created with the RelativeSource markup extension, and set as the Source property of a binding expression.

The RelativeSource markup extension is supported by the RelativeSourceExtension class, which defines the following properties:

  • Mode, of type RelativeBindingSourceMode, describes the location of the binding source relative to the position of the binding target.
  • AncestorLevel, of type int, an optional ancestor level to look for, when the Mode property is FindAncestor. An AncestorLevel of n skips n-1 instances of the AncestorType.
  • AncestorType, of type Type, the type of ancestor to look for, when the Mode property is FindAncestor.

Note

The XAML parser allows the RelativeSourceExtension class to be abbreviated as RelativeSource.

The Mode property should be set to one of the RelativeBindingSourceMode enumeration members:

  • TemplatedParent indicates the element to which the template, in which the bound element exists, is applied. For more information, see Bind to a templated parent.
  • Self indicates the element on which the binding is being set, allowing you to bind one property of that element to another property on the same element. For more information, see Bind to self.
  • FindAncestor indicates the ancestor in the visual tree of the bound element. This mode should be used to bind to an ancestor control represented by the AncestorType property. For more information, see Bind to an ancestor.
  • FindAncestorBindingContext indicates the BindingContext of the ancestor in the visual tree of the bound element. This mode should be used to bind to the BindingContext of an ancestor represented by the AncestorType property. For more information, see Bind to an ancestor.

The Mode property is the content property of the RelativeSourceExtension class. Therefore, for XAML markup expressions expressed with curly braces, you can eliminate the Mode= part of the expression.

For more information about .NET MAUI markup extensions, see Consume XAML markup extensions.

Bind to self

The Self relative binding mode is used bind a property of an element to another property on the same element:

<BoxView Color="Red"
         WidthRequest="200"
         HeightRequest="{Binding Source={RelativeSource Self}, Path=WidthRequest}"
         HorizontalOptions="Center" />

In this example, the BoxView sets its WidthRequest property to a fixed size, and the HeightRequest property binds to the WidthRequest property. Therefore, both properties are equal and so a square is drawn:

Screenshot of a Self mode relative binding.

Important

When binding a property of an element to another property on the same element, the properties must be the same type. Alternatively, you can specify a converter on the binding to convert the value.

A common use of this binding mode is set an object's BindingContext to a property on itself. The following code shows an example of this:

<ContentPage ...
             BindingContext="{Binding Source={RelativeSource Self}, Path=DefaultViewModel}">
    <StackLayout>
        <ListView ItemsSource="{Binding Employees}">
            ...
        </ListView>
    </StackLayout>
</ContentPage>

In this example, the BindingContext of the page is set to the DefaultViewModel property of itself. This property is defined in the code-behind file for the page, and provides a viewmodel instance. The ListView binds to the Employees property of the viewmodel.

Bind to an ancestor

The FindAncestor and FindAncestorBindingContext relative binding modes are used to bind to parent elements, of a certain type, in the visual tree. The FindAncestor mode is used to bind to a parent element, which derives from the Element type. The FindAncestorBindingContext mode is used to bind to the BindingContext of a parent element.

Warning

The AncestorType property must be set to a Type when using the FindAncestor and FindAncestorBindingContext relative binding modes, otherwise a XamlParseException is thrown.

If the Mode property isn't explicitly set, setting the AncestorType property to a type that derives from Element will implicitly set the Mode property to FindAncestor. Similarly, setting the AncestorType property to a type that does not derive from Element will implicitly set the Mode property to FindAncestorBindingContext.

Note

Relative bindings that use the FindAncestorBindingContext mode will be reapplied when the BindingContext of any ancestors change.

The following XAML shows an example where the Mode property will be implicitly set to FindAncestorBindingContext:

<ContentPage ...
             BindingContext="{Binding Source={RelativeSource Self}, Path=DefaultViewModel}">
    <StackLayout>
        <ListView ItemsSource="{Binding Employees}">
            <ListView.ItemTemplate>
                <DataTemplate>
                    <ViewCell>
                        <StackLayout Orientation="Horizontal">
                            <Label Text="{Binding Fullname}"
                                   VerticalOptions="Center" />
                            <Button Text="Delete"
                                    Command="{Binding Source={RelativeSource AncestorType={x:Type local:PeopleViewModel}}, Path=DeleteEmployeeCommand}"
                                    CommandParameter="{Binding}"
                                    HorizontalOptions="End" />
                        </StackLayout>
                    </ViewCell>
                </DataTemplate>
            </ListView.ItemTemplate>
        </ListView>
    </StackLayout>
</ContentPage>

In this example, the BindingContext of the page is set to the DefaultViewModel property of itself. This property is defined in the code-behind file for the page, and provides a viewmodel instance. The ListView binds to the Employees property of the viewmodel. The DataTemplate, which defines the appearance of each item in the ListView, contains a Button. The button's Command property is bound to the DeleteEmployeeCommand in its parent's viewmodel. Tapping a Button deletes an employee:

Screenshot of a FindAncestor mode relative binding.

In addition, the optional AncestorLevel property can help disambiguate ancestor lookup in scenarios where there is possibly more than one ancestor of that type in the visual tree:

<Label Text="{Binding Source={RelativeSource AncestorType={x:Type Entry}, AncestorLevel=2}, Path=Text}" />

In this example, the Label.Text property binds to the Text property of the second Entry that's encountered on the upward path, starting at the target element of the binding.

Note

The AncestorLevel property should be set to 1 to find the ancestor nearest to the binding target element.

Bind to a templated parent

The TemplatedParent relative binding mode is used to bind from within a control template to the runtime object instance to which the template is applied (known as the templated parent). This mode is only applicable if the relative binding is within a control template, and is similar to setting a TemplateBinding.

The following XAML shows an example of the TemplatedParent relative binding mode:

<ContentPage ...>
    <ContentPage.Resources>
        <ControlTemplate x:Key="CardViewControlTemplate">
            <Frame BindingContext="{Binding Source={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}}"
                   BackgroundColor="{Binding CardColor}"
                   BorderColor="{Binding BorderColor}"
                   ...>
                <Grid>
                    ...
                    <Label Text="{Binding CardTitle}"
                           ... />
                    <BoxView BackgroundColor="{Binding BorderColor}"
                             ... />
                    <Label Text="{Binding CardDescription}"
                           ... />
                </Grid>
            </Frame>
        </ControlTemplate>
    </ContentPage.Resources>
    <StackLayout>        
        <controls:CardView BorderColor="DarkGray"
                           CardTitle="John Doe"
                           CardDescription="Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nulla elit dolor, convallis non interdum."
                           IconBackgroundColor="SlateGray"
                           IconImageSource="user.png"
                           ControlTemplate="{StaticResource CardViewControlTemplate}" />
        <controls:CardView BorderColor="DarkGray"
                           CardTitle="Jane Doe"
                           CardDescription="Phasellus eu convallis mi. In tempus augue eu dignissim fermentum. Morbi ut lacus vitae eros lacinia."
                           IconBackgroundColor="SlateGray"
                           IconImageSource="user.png"
                           ControlTemplate="{StaticResource CardViewControlTemplate}" />
        <controls:CardView BorderColor="DarkGray"
                           CardTitle="Xamarin Monkey"
                           CardDescription="Aliquam sagittis, odio lacinia fermentum dictum, mi erat scelerisque erat, quis aliquet arcu."
                           IconBackgroundColor="SlateGray"
                           IconImageSource="user.png"
                           ControlTemplate="{StaticResource CardViewControlTemplate}" />
    </StackLayout>
</ContentPage>

In this example, the Frame, which is the root element of the ControlTemplate, has its BindingContext set to the runtime object instance to which the template is applied. Therefore, the Frame and its children resolve their binding expressions against the properties of each CardView object:

Screenshot of a TemplatedParent mode relative binding.

For more information about control templates, see Control templates.