Amostra GetProcessSample05
Este exemplo mostra uma versão completa do cmdlet Get-Proc.
Como criar o exemplo usando Visual Studio.
abra Windows Explorer e navegue até o diretório GetProcessSample05 no diretório samples.
com o SDK do Windows PowerShell 2,0 instalado, navegue até a pasta GetProcessSample05 o local padrão é C:\Program files (x86) \microsoft SDKs \ Windows \v7.0\Samples\sysmgmt\WindowsPowerShell\csharp\GetProcessSample05.
Clique duas vezes no ícone do arquivo da solução (. sln). Isso abre o projeto de exemplo no Visual Studio.
No menu Compilar, selecione Compilar Solução.
A biblioteca do exemplo será criada nos diretórios \bin ou \bin\Debug padrão.
Como executar a amostra
Crie a seguinte pasta de módulo:
[user]/documents/windowspowershell/modules/GetProcessSample05Copie o assembly de exemplo para a pasta do módulo.
Inicie o Windows PowerShell.
Execute o seguinte comando para carregar o assembly em Windows PowerShell:
Import-module getprossessample05Execute o seguinte comando para executar o cmdlet:
get-proc
Requisitos
este exemplo requer Windows PowerShell 2,0.
Demonstra
Este exemplo demonstra o seguinte.
Declarando uma classe de cmdlet usando o atributo cmdlet.
Declarando um parâmetro de cmdlet usando o atributo Parameter.
Especificando posições para parâmetros.
Especificar que os parâmetros podem receber entrada do pipeline. A entrada pode ser Obtida de um objeto ou de um valor de uma propriedade de um objeto cujo nome de propriedade é igual ao nome do parâmetro.
Declarando um atributo de validação para a entrada de parâmetro.
Tratamento de erros e exceções.
Gravando mensagens de depuração.
Exemplo
Este exemplo mostra como criar um cmdlet que exibe uma lista de processos especificados.
namespace Microsoft.Samples.PowerShell.Commands
{
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Management.Automation; // Windows PowerShell namespace.
using System.Security.Permissions;
using Win32Exception = System.ComponentModel.Win32Exception;
#region GetProcCommand
/// <summary>
/// This class implements the get-proc cmdlet.
/// </summary>
[Cmdlet(VerbsCommon.Get, "Proc",
DefaultParameterSetName = "ProcessName")]
public class GetProcCommand : PSCmdlet
{
#region Fields
/// <summary>
/// The names of the processes to act on.
/// </summary>
private string[] processNames;
/// <summary>
/// The identifiers of the processes to act on.
/// </summary>
private int[] processIds;
/// <summary>
/// The process objects to act on.
/// </summary>
private Process[] inputObjects;
#endregion Fields
#region Parameters
/// <summary>
/// Gets or sets the list of process names on
/// which the Get-Proc cmdlet will work.
/// </summary>
[Parameter(
Position = 0,
ParameterSetName = "ProcessName",
ValueFromPipeline = true,
ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = true)]
[ValidateNotNullOrEmpty]
public string[] Name
{
get { return this.processNames; }
set { this.processNames = value; }
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets or sets the list of process identifiers on
/// which the Get-Proc cmdlet will work.
/// </summary>
[Parameter(
ParameterSetName = "Id",
Mandatory = true,
ValueFromPipeline = true,
ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = true,
HelpMessage = "The unique id of the process to get.")]
public int[] Id
{
get { return this.processIds; }
set { this.processIds = value; }
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets or sets Process objects directly. If the input is a
/// stream of [collection of] Process objects, the cmdlet bypasses the
/// ProcessName and Id parameters and reads the Process objects
/// directly. This allows the cmdlet to deal with processes that have
/// wildcard characters in their name.
/// <value>Process objects</value>
/// </summary>
[Parameter(
ParameterSetName = "InputObject",
Mandatory = true,
ValueFromPipeline = true)]
public Process[] Input
{
get { return this.inputObjects; }
set { this.inputObjects = value; }
}
#endregion Parameters
#region Cmdlet Overrides
/// <summary>
/// The ProcessRecord method calls the Process.GetProcesses
/// method to retrieve the processes. Then, the WriteObject
/// method writes the associated processes to the pipeline.
/// </summary>
protected override void ProcessRecord()
{
List<Process> matchingProcesses;
WriteDebug("Obtaining the list of matching process objects.");
switch (ParameterSetName)
{
case "Id":
matchingProcesses = this.GetMatchingProcessesById();
break;
case "ProcessName":
matchingProcesses = this.GetMatchingProcessesByName();
break;
case "InputObject":
matchingProcesses = this.GetProcessesByInput();
break;
default:
ThrowTerminatingError(
new ErrorRecord(
new ArgumentException("Bad ParameterSetName"),
"UnableToAccessProcessList",
ErrorCategory.InvalidOperation,
null));
return;
} // switch (ParameterSetName)
WriteDebug("Outputting the matching process objects.");
matchingProcesses.Sort(ProcessComparison);
foreach (Process process in matchingProcesses)
{
WriteObject(process);
}
} // ProcessRecord
#endregion Overrides
#region protected Methods and Data
/// <summary>
/// Retrieves the list of all processes matching the ProcessName
/// parameter and generates a nonterminating error for each
/// specified process name which is not found even though the name
/// contains no wildcards.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>The matching processes.</returns>
[EnvironmentPermissionAttribute(
SecurityAction.LinkDemand,
Unrestricted = true)]
private List<Process> GetMatchingProcessesByName()
{
new EnvironmentPermission(
PermissionState.Unrestricted).Assert();
List<Process> allProcesses =
new List<Process>(Process.GetProcesses());
// The keys dictionary is used for rapid lookup of
// processes that are already in the matchingProcesses list.
Dictionary<int, byte> keys = new Dictionary<int, byte>();
List<Process> matchingProcesses = new List<Process>();
if (null == this.processNames)
{
matchingProcesses.AddRange(allProcesses);
}
else
{
foreach (string pattern in this.processNames)
{
WriteVerbose("Finding matches for process name \""
+ pattern + "\".");
// WildCard search on the available processes
WildcardPattern wildcard =
new WildcardPattern(
pattern,
WildcardOptions.IgnoreCase);
bool found = false;
foreach (Process process in allProcesses)
{
if (!keys.ContainsKey(process.Id))
{
string processName = SafeGetProcessName(process);
// Remove the process from the allProcesses list
// so that it is not tested again.
if (processName.Length == 0)
{
allProcesses.Remove(process);
}
// Perform a wildcard search on this particular
// process name and check whether it matches the
// pattern specified.
if (!wildcard.IsMatch(processName))
{
continue;
}
WriteDebug("Found matching process id "
+ process.Id + ".");
// A match is found.
found = true;
// Store the process identifier so that the same process
// is not added twice.
keys.Add(process.Id, 0);
// Add the process to the processes list.
matchingProcesses.Add(process);
}
} // foreach (Process...
if (!found &&
!WildcardPattern.ContainsWildcardCharacters(pattern))
{
WriteError(new ErrorRecord(
new ArgumentException("Cannot find process name "
+ "\"" + pattern + "\"."),
"ProcessNameNotFound",
ErrorCategory.ObjectNotFound,
pattern));
}
} // foreach (string...
} // if (null...
return matchingProcesses;
} // GetMatchingProcessesByName
/// <summary>
/// Returns the name of a process. If an error occurs, a blank
/// string is returned.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="process">The process whose name is
/// returned.</param>
/// <returns>The name of the process.</returns>
[EnvironmentPermissionAttribute(
SecurityAction.LinkDemand, Unrestricted = true)]
protected static string SafeGetProcessName(Process process)
{
new EnvironmentPermission(PermissionState.Unrestricted).Assert();
string name = String.Empty;
if (process != null)
{
try
{
return process.ProcessName;
}
catch (Win32Exception)
{
}
catch (InvalidOperationException)
{
}
}
return name;
} // SafeGetProcessName
#endregion Cmdlet Overrides
#region Private Methods
/// <summary>
/// Function to sort by process name first, and then by
/// the process identifier.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="x">First process object.</param>
/// <param name="y">Second process object.</param>
/// <returns>
/// Returns less than zero if x is less than y,
/// greater than 0 if x is greater than y, and 0 if x == y.
/// </returns>
private static int ProcessComparison(Process x, Process y)
{
int diff = String.Compare(
SafeGetProcessName(x),
SafeGetProcessName(y),
StringComparison.CurrentCultureIgnoreCase);
if (0 != diff)
{
return diff;
}
else
{
return x.Id.CompareTo(y.Id);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Retrieves the list of all processes matching the Id
/// parameter and generates a nonterminating error for
/// each specified process identifier which is not found.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>
/// An array of processes that match the given identifier.
/// </returns>
[EnvironmentPermissionAttribute(
SecurityAction.LinkDemand,
Unrestricted = true)]
private List<Process> GetMatchingProcessesById()
{
new EnvironmentPermission(
PermissionState.Unrestricted).Assert();
List<Process> matchingProcesses = new List<Process>();
if (null != this.processIds)
{
// The keys dictionary is used for rapid lookup of the
// processes already in the matchingProcesses list.
Dictionary<int, byte> keys = new Dictionary<int, byte>();
foreach (int processId in this.processIds)
{
WriteVerbose("Finding match for process id "
+ processId + ".");
if (!keys.ContainsKey(processId))
{
Process process;
try
{
process = Process.GetProcessById(processId);
}
catch (ArgumentException ex)
{
WriteError(new ErrorRecord(
ex,
"ProcessIdNotFound",
ErrorCategory.ObjectNotFound,
processId));
continue;
}
WriteDebug("Found matching process.");
matchingProcesses.Add(process);
keys.Add(processId, 0);
}
}
}
return matchingProcesses;
} // GetMatchingProcessesById
/// <summary>
/// Retrieves the list of all processes matching the InputObject
/// parameter.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>The matching processes.</returns>
[EnvironmentPermissionAttribute(
SecurityAction.LinkDemand,
Unrestricted = true)]
private List<Process> GetProcessesByInput()
{
new EnvironmentPermission(
PermissionState.Unrestricted).Assert();
List<Process> matchingProcesses = new List<Process>();
if (null != this.Input)
{
// The keys dictionary is used for rapid lookup of the
// processes already in the matchingProcesses list.
Dictionary<int, byte> keys = new Dictionary<int, byte>();
foreach (Process process in this.Input)
{
WriteVerbose("Refreshing process object.");
if (!keys.ContainsKey(process.Id))
{
try
{
process.Refresh();
}
catch (Win32Exception)
{
}
catch (InvalidOperationException)
{
}
matchingProcesses.Add(process);
}
}
}
return matchingProcesses;
} // GetProcessesByInput
#endregion Private Methods
} // End GetProcCommand class.
#endregion GetProcCommand
}