Como: BIND dados a Windows Forms DataGridView controle

Artigo
08/25/2010

The DataGridView controle suporta o modelo de BIND ing de dados Windows Forms padrão, portanto, ele será BIND a uma variedade de fontes de dados. Na maioria das circunstâncias, no entanto, você irá acoplar a um BindingSource componente que irá gerenciar os detalhes da interação com a fonte de dados. The BindingSource componente pode representar qualquer fonte de dados do Windows Forms e oferece grande flexibilidade ao escolher ou modificar o local dos dados. Para obter mais informações sobre as fontes de dados com suporte a DataGridView controle, consulte Visão geral do controle DataGridView (Windows Forms).

Há suporte extensivo para esta tarefa no Visual Studio.

Procedimento

Para conectar-se um controle DataGridView a dados

Implemente um método para lidar com os detalhes de recuperar dados de um banco de dados.O exemplo de código a seguir implementa um GetData método que inicializa um SqlDataAdapter componente e o usa para popular um DataTable. The DataTable em seguida, acoplada à BindingSource componente. Certifique-se de conjunto o connectionString variável para um valor que seja apropriado para seu banco de dados. Você precisará de acesso a um servidor com o banco de dados de exemplo Northwind SQL Server instalado.

Private Sub GetData(ByVal selectCommand As String)

    Try
        ' Specify a connection string. Replace the given value with a 
        ' valid connection string for a Northwind SQL Server sample
        ' database accessible to your system.
        Dim connectionString As String = _
            "Integrated Security=SSPI;Persist Security Info=False;" + _
            "Initial Catalog=Northwind;Data Source=localhost"

        ' Create a new data adapter based on the specified query.
        Me.dataAdapter = New SqlDataAdapter(selectCommand, connectionString)

        ' Create a command builder to generate SQL update, insert, and
        ' delete commands based on selectCommand. These are used to
        ' update the database.
        Dim commandBuilder As New SqlCommandBuilder(Me.dataAdapter)

        ' Populate a new data table and bind it to the BindingSource.
        Dim table As New DataTable()
        table.Locale = System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture
        Me.dataAdapter.Fill(table)
        Me.bindingSource1.DataSource = table

        ' Resize the DataGridView columns to fit the newly loaded content.
        Me.dataGridView1.AutoResizeColumns( _
            DataGridViewAutoSizeColumnsMode.AllCellsExceptHeader)
    Catch ex As SqlException
        MessageBox.Show("To run this example, replace the value of the " + _
            "connectionString variable with a connection string that is " + _
            "valid for your system.")
    End Try

End Sub

private void GetData(string selectCommand)
{
    try
    {
        // Specify a connection string. Replace the given value with a 
        // valid connection string for a Northwind SQL Server sample
        // database accessible to your system.
        String connectionString =
            "Integrated Security=SSPI;Persist Security Info=False;" +
            "Initial Catalog=Northwind;Data Source=localhost";

        // Create a new data adapter based on the specified query.
        dataAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter(selectCommand, connectionString);

        // Create a command builder to generate SQL update, insert, and
        // delete commands based on selectCommand. These are used to
        // update the database.
        SqlCommandBuilder commandBuilder = new SqlCommandBuilder(dataAdapter);

        // Populate a new data table and bind it to the BindingSource.
        DataTable table = new DataTable();
        table.Locale = System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture;
        dataAdapter.Fill(table);
        bindingSource1.DataSource = table;

        // Resize the DataGridView columns to fit the newly loaded content.
        dataGridView1.AutoResizeColumns( 
            DataGridViewAutoSizeColumnsMode.AllCellsExceptHeader);
    }
    catch (SqlException)
    {
        MessageBox.Show("To run this example, replace the value of the " +
            "connectionString variable with a connection string that is " +
            "valid for your system.");
    }
}

No Load manipulador de eventos, BIND a DataGridView o controle para o BindingSource componente e chama o GetData método para recuperar os dados do banco de dados.

Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) _
    Handles Me.Load

    ' Bind the DataGridView to the BindingSource
    ' and load the data from the database.
    Me.dataGridView1.DataSource = Me.bindingSource1
    GetData("select * from Customers")

End Sub

private void Form1_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
    // Bind the DataGridView to the BindingSource
    // and load the data from the database.
    dataGridView1.DataSource = bindingSource1;
    GetData("select * from Customers");
}

Exemplo

O exemplo de código completo a seguir fornece botões para recarregar os dados do banco de dados e enviar alterações para o banco de dados.

Imports System
Imports System.Data
Imports System.Data.SqlClient
Imports System.Windows.Forms

Public Class Form1
    Inherits System.Windows.Forms.Form

    Private dataGridView1 As New DataGridView()
    Private bindingSource1 As New BindingSource()
    Private dataAdapter As New SqlDataAdapter()
    Private WithEvents reloadButton As New Button()
    Private WithEvents submitButton As New Button()

    <STAThreadAttribute()> _
    Public Shared Sub Main()
        Application.Run(New Form1())
    End Sub

    ' Initialize the form.
    Public Sub New()

        Me.dataGridView1.Dock = DockStyle.Fill

        Me.reloadButton.Text = "reload"
        Me.submitButton.Text = "submit"

        Dim panel As New FlowLayoutPanel()
        panel.Dock = DockStyle.Top
        panel.AutoSize = True
        panel.Controls.AddRange(New Control() {Me.reloadButton, Me.submitButton})

        Me.Controls.AddRange(New Control() {Me.dataGridView1, panel})
        Me.Text = "DataGridView databinding and updating demo"

    End Sub

    Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) _
        Handles Me.Load

        ' Bind the DataGridView to the BindingSource
        ' and load the data from the database.
        Me.dataGridView1.DataSource = Me.bindingSource1
        GetData("select * from Customers")

    End Sub

    Private Sub reloadButton_Click(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) _
        Handles reloadButton.Click

        ' Reload the data from the database.
        GetData(Me.dataAdapter.SelectCommand.CommandText)

    End Sub

    Private Sub submitButton_Click(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) _
        Handles submitButton.Click

        ' Update the database with the user's changes.
        Me.dataAdapter.Update(CType(Me.bindingSource1.DataSource, DataTable))

    End Sub

    Private Sub GetData(ByVal selectCommand As String)

        Try
            ' Specify a connection string. Replace the given value with a 
            ' valid connection string for a Northwind SQL Server sample
            ' database accessible to your system.
            Dim connectionString As String = _
                "Integrated Security=SSPI;Persist Security Info=False;" + _
                "Initial Catalog=Northwind;Data Source=localhost"

            ' Create a new data adapter based on the specified query.
            Me.dataAdapter = New SqlDataAdapter(selectCommand, connectionString)

            ' Create a command builder to generate SQL update, insert, and
            ' delete commands based on selectCommand. These are used to
            ' update the database.
            Dim commandBuilder As New SqlCommandBuilder(Me.dataAdapter)

            ' Populate a new data table and bind it to the BindingSource.
            Dim table As New DataTable()
            table.Locale = System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture
            Me.dataAdapter.Fill(table)
            Me.bindingSource1.DataSource = table

            ' Resize the DataGridView columns to fit the newly loaded content.
            Me.dataGridView1.AutoResizeColumns( _
                DataGridViewAutoSizeColumnsMode.AllCellsExceptHeader)
        Catch ex As SqlException
            MessageBox.Show("To run this example, replace the value of the " + _
                "connectionString variable with a connection string that is " + _
                "valid for your system.")
        End Try

    End Sub

End Class

using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Windows.Forms;

public class Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form
{
    private DataGridView dataGridView1 = new DataGridView();
    private BindingSource bindingSource1 = new BindingSource();
    private SqlDataAdapter dataAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter();
    private Button reloadButton = new Button();
    private Button submitButton = new Button();

    [STAThreadAttribute()]
    public static void Main()
    {
        Application.Run(new Form1());
    }

    // Initialize the form.
    public Form1()
    {
        dataGridView1.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;

        reloadButton.Text = "reload";
        submitButton.Text = "submit";
        reloadButton.Click += new System.EventHandler(reloadButton_Click);
        submitButton.Click += new System.EventHandler(submitButton_Click);

        FlowLayoutPanel panel = new FlowLayoutPanel();
        panel.Dock = DockStyle.Top;
        panel.AutoSize = true;
        panel.Controls.AddRange(new Control[] { reloadButton, submitButton });

        this.Controls.AddRange(new Control[] { dataGridView1, panel });
        this.Load += new System.EventHandler(Form1_Load);
        this.Text = "DataGridView databinding and updating demo";
    }

    private void Form1_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
    {
        // Bind the DataGridView to the BindingSource
        // and load the data from the database.
        dataGridView1.DataSource = bindingSource1;
        GetData("select * from Customers");
    }

    private void reloadButton_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
    {
        // Reload the data from the database.
        GetData(dataAdapter.SelectCommand.CommandText);
    }

    private void submitButton_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
    {
        // Update the database with the user's changes.
        dataAdapter.Update((DataTable)bindingSource1.DataSource);
    }

    private void GetData(string selectCommand)
    {
        try
        {
            // Specify a connection string. Replace the given value with a 
            // valid connection string for a Northwind SQL Server sample
            // database accessible to your system.
            String connectionString =
                "Integrated Security=SSPI;Persist Security Info=False;" +
                "Initial Catalog=Northwind;Data Source=localhost";

            // Create a new data adapter based on the specified query.
            dataAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter(selectCommand, connectionString);

            // Create a command builder to generate SQL update, insert, and
            // delete commands based on selectCommand. These are used to
            // update the database.
            SqlCommandBuilder commandBuilder = new SqlCommandBuilder(dataAdapter);

            // Populate a new data table and bind it to the BindingSource.
            DataTable table = new DataTable();
            table.Locale = System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture;
            dataAdapter.Fill(table);
            bindingSource1.DataSource = table;

            // Resize the DataGridView columns to fit the newly loaded content.
            dataGridView1.AutoResizeColumns( 
                DataGridViewAutoSizeColumnsMode.AllCellsExceptHeader);
        }
        catch (SqlException)
        {
            MessageBox.Show("To run this example, replace the value of the " +
                "connectionString variable with a connection string that is " +
                "valid for your system.");
        }
    }

}

Compilando o código

Este exemplo requer:

Referências aos assemblies do sistema, System.Windows.Forms, System.dados e System.XML.

Para obter informações sobre como criar este exemplo a partir da linha de comando para Visual Basic ou Visual C#, consulte Criando a partir da linha de comando (Visual Basic) ou Linha de comando criando com csc.exe.Você também pode construir este exemplo no Visual Studio colando o código em um novo projeto.

Segurança

Armazenar informações confidenciais, sistema autônomo uma senha, dentro da cadeia de conexão podem afetar a segurança do seu aplicativo.Usando a autenticação do Windows (também conhecida como segurança integrada) é uma maneira mais segura de controlar o acesso a um banco de dados.Para obter mais informações, consulte Proteger seqüências de caracteres de conexão.

Consulte também

Compartilhar via

Como: BIND dados a Windows Forms DataGridView controle

Procedimento

Para conectar-se um controle DataGridView a dados

Exemplo

Compilando o código

Segurança

Consulte também

Conceitos

Referência

Outros recursos

Recursos adicionais