Alterar uma senha de usuário de autenticação de cliente nativo do SQL Server (OLE DB)

Aplica-se a: SQL Server Banco de Dados SQL do Azure Instância Gerenciada de SQL do Azure PDW (Sistema de Plataforma de Análise) do Azure Synapse Analytics

Este exemplo mostra como usar OLE DB para alterar a senha de uma conta do usuário na Autenticação do SQL Server.

Importante

Quando possível, use a Autenticação do Windows. Se a Autenticação do Windows não estiver disponível, solicite aos usuários que digitem suas credenciais em tempo de execução. Evite armazenar as credenciais em um arquivo. Se for necessário manter as credenciais, criptografe-as com a Win32 crypto API(em inglês).

Exemplo

Antes de compilar, atualize o código do C++ para especificar a ID de usuário, a senha antiga e a nova senha.

Esse aplicativo se conecta à instância padrão do SQL Server do computador. Em alguns sistemas operacionais Windows, será necessário alterar (localhost) ou (local) para o nome de sua instância do SQL Server . Para conectar-se a uma instância nomeada, altere a cadeia de conexão de L"(local)" para L"(local)\\name", onde name é a instância nomeada. Por padrão, o SQL Server Express é instalado em uma instância nomeada. Verifique se a variável de ambiente INCLUDE inclui o diretório que contém sqlncli.h.

Compile com ole32.lib oleaut32.lib.

Para compilar este exemplo, você precisa de uma conta de usuário da Autenticação do SQL Server cuja senha você conhece. Para permitir logons com a autenticação do SQL Server, abra o SQL Server Management Studio, clique com o botão direito do mouse no nó Servidor no Pesquisador de Objetos e selecione Propriedades. Selecione Segurança e habilite o SQL Server e o modo de Autenticação do Windows. Para adicionar uma conta de usuário com a autenticação do SQL Server, clique com o botão direito do mouse no nó Segurança no Pesquisador de Objetos e selecione Adicionar.

O servidor onde este exemplo será executado deve ter pelo menos um logon habilitado para a Autenticação do SQL Server. O servidor também deve estar habilitado para permitir logons na Autenticação do SQL Server.

// compile with: ole32.lib oleaut32.lib  
void InitializeAndEstablishConnection();  
  
#define STATUSDUMP(status)  case status : wprintf(L"status"); break;  
  
#define UNICODE  
#define DBINITCONSTANTS  
#define INITGUID  
  
#include <assert.h>  
#include <windows.h>  
#include <stdio.h>  
#include <stddef.h>  
#include <IOSTREAM>  
#include <cguid.h>  
#include <oledb.h>  
#include <oledberr.h>  
  
#include <SQLNCLI.h>  
  
LPMALLOC pMalloc = NULL;  
IDBInitialize * pIDBInitialize = NULL;  
HRESULT hr;  
  
void DumpErrorInfo (IUnknown* pObjectWithError, REFIID IID_InterfaceWithError);  
void DumpErrorInfo (IUnknown* pObjectWithError, REFIID IID_InterfaceWithError, BOOL &has_sql_errors);  
  
int main() {  
   // All the initialization activities in a separate function.  
   InitializeAndEstablishConnection();  
  
   if ( FAILED( pIDBInitialize->Uninitialize() ) )  
      // Uninitialize is not required, but fails if an interface was not released.  
      printf("Problem uninitializing.\n");  
  
   pIDBInitialize->Release();  
   CoUninitialize();  
};  
  
void InitializeAndEstablishConnection() {  
   IDBProperties * pIDBProperties = NULL;  
   const ULONG nInitProps = 4;  
   DBPROP InitProperties[nInitProps];  
   const ULONG nSSInitProps = 1;  
   DBPROP SSInitProperties[nSSInitProps];  
  
   const ULONG nPropSet = 2;  
   DBPROPSET rgInitPropSet[nPropSet];  
  
   // Initialize the COM library.  
   CoInitialize(NULL);  
   CoGetMalloc(1, &pMalloc);  
  
   CLSID clsid;  
   CLSIDFromProgID(L"SQLNCLI11", &clsid);  
  
   // Obtain access to the SQLOLEDB provider.  
   hr = CoCreateInstance( clsid, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER, IID_IDBInitialize, (void **) &pIDBInitialize);  
   if (FAILED(hr))  
      printf("Failed in CoCreateInstance().\n");  
  
   // Initialize the property values needed to establish the connection.  
   for (int i = 0; i < nInitProps; i++)  
      VariantInit(&InitProperties[i].vValue);  
  
   // Specify database name.  
   InitProperties[0].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_INIT_CATALOG;  
   InitProperties[0].vValue.vt = VT_BSTR;  
   // Change the following line to use any database on your server  
   InitProperties[0].vValue.bstrVal = SysAllocString(L"master");  
   InitProperties[0].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;  
   InitProperties[0].colid = DB_NULLID;  
  
   InitProperties[1].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_AUTH_USERID;  
   InitProperties[1].vValue.vt = VT_BSTR;  
   // Modify the following line to add the user ID of a SQL Server Authentication account on your server  
   InitProperties[1].vValue.bstrVal = SysAllocString(L"");  
   InitProperties[1].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;  
   InitProperties[1].colid = DB_NULLID;  
  
   InitProperties[2].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_AUTH_PASSWORD;  
   InitProperties[2].vValue.vt = VT_BSTR;  
   // Modify the following line to add the new SQL Server Authentication password  
   InitProperties[2].vValue.bstrVal = SysAllocString(L"");  
   InitProperties[2].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;  
   InitProperties[2].colid = DB_NULLID;  
  
   InitProperties[3].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_INIT_DATASOURCE;  
   InitProperties[3].vValue.vt = VT_BSTR;  
   InitProperties[3].vValue.bstrVal = SysAllocString(L"(local)");  
   InitProperties[3].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;  
   InitProperties[3].colid = DB_NULLID;  
  
   SSInitProperties[0].dwPropertyID = SSPROP_AUTH_OLD_PASSWORD;  
   SSInitProperties[0].vValue.vt = VT_BSTR;  
   // Modify the following line to specify the existing SQL Server Authentication password  
   SSInitProperties[0].vValue.bstrVal = SysAllocString(L"");  
   SSInitProperties[0].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;  
   SSInitProperties[0].colid = DB_NULLID;  
  
   rgInitPropSet[0].guidPropertySet = DBPROPSET_DBINIT;  
   rgInitPropSet[0].cProperties = nInitProps;  
   rgInitPropSet[0].rgProperties = InitProperties;  
  
   rgInitPropSet[1].guidPropertySet = DBPROPSET_SQLSERVERDBINIT;  
   rgInitPropSet[1].cProperties = nSSInitProps;  
   rgInitPropSet[1].rgProperties = SSInitProperties;  
  
   // Set initialization properties.  
   hr = pIDBInitialize->QueryInterface( IID_IDBProperties, (void **)&pIDBProperties);  
  
   if (FAILED(hr))  
      printf("Failed to obtain IDBProperties interface.\n");  
  
   hr = pIDBProperties->SetProperties( nPropSet, rgInitPropSet);  
  
   if (FAILED(hr))  
      printf("Failed to set initialization properties.\n");  
  
   pIDBProperties->Release();  
  
   // establish connection to the data source.  
   DWORD now = GetTickCount();  
  
   if ( FAILED(pIDBInitialize->Initialize()) ) {  
      printf("Problem in initializing.\n");  
      DumpErrorInfo(pIDBInitialize, IID_IDBInitialize);  
   }  
  
   DWORD tookms = GetTickCount() - now;  
   printf("Connection took %d ms.\n", tookms);  
}  
  
// DumpErrorInfo queries SQLOLEDB error interfaces, retrieving available status  
// or error information. This version is called when SQL Server errors are not expected.  
void DumpErrorInfo (IUnknown* pObjectWithError, REFIID IID_InterfaceWithError) {  
   BOOL has_sql_errors;  
   DumpErrorInfo (pObjectWithError, IID_InterfaceWithError, has_sql_errors);  
}  
  
// DumpErrorInfo queries SQLOLEDB error interfaces, retrieving available status   
// or error information. This version is called when an SQL Server error could occur.  
void DumpErrorInfo (IUnknown* pObjectWithError, REFIID IID_InterfaceWithError, BOOL &has_sql_errors ) {  
   // Interfaces used in the example.  
   IErrorInfo * pIErrorInfoAll = NULL;  
   IErrorInfo * pIErrorInfoRecord = NULL;  
   IErrorRecords * pIErrorRecords = NULL;  
   ISupportErrorInfo * pISupportErrorInfo = NULL;  
   ISQLErrorInfo * pISQLErrorInfo = NULL;  
   ISQLServerErrorInfo * pISQLServerErrorInfo = NULL;  
  
   // Number of error records.  
   ULONG nRecs;  
   ULONG nRec;  
  
   // Basic error information from GetBasicErrorInfo.  
   ERRORINFO errorinfo;  
  
   // IErrorInfo values.  
   BSTR bstrDescription;  
   BSTR bstrSource;  
  
   // ISQLErrorInfo parameters.  
   BSTR bstrSQLSTATE;  
   LONG lNativeError;  
  
   // ISQLServerErrorInfo parameter pointers.  
   SSERRORINFO * pSSErrorInfo = NULL;  
   OLECHAR * pSSErrorStrings = NULL;  
  
   // Hard-code an English (United States) locale for the example.  
   DWORD MYLOCALEID = 0x0409;  
  
   has_sql_errors = 0;  
  
   // Only ask for error information if the interface supports it.  
   if (FAILED(pObjectWithError->QueryInterface(IID_ISupportErrorInfo, (void**) &pISupportErrorInfo)))     
      wprintf(L"SupportErrorErrorInfo interface not supported\n");  
   else if (FAILED(pISupportErrorInfo->InterfaceSupportsErrorInfo(IID_InterfaceWithError)))     
      wprintf(L"InterfaceWithError interface not supported\n");  
  
   // Do not test the return of GetErrorInfo. It can succeed and return  
   // a NULL pointer in pIErrorInfoAll. Simply test the pointer.  
   GetErrorInfo(0, &pIErrorInfoAll);  
  
   // Test to see if it's a valid OLE DB IErrorInfo interface exposing a list of records.  
   if (pIErrorInfoAll != NULL)  {  
      if (SUCCEEDED(pIErrorInfoAll->QueryInterface(IID_IErrorRecords, (void**) &pIErrorRecords))) {  
         pIErrorRecords->GetRecordCount(&nRecs);  
  
         // Within each record, retrieve information from each of the defined interfaces.  
         for (nRec = 0; nRec < nRecs; nRec++) {  
            ULONG errorno = nRecs - nRec - 1;  
            // From IErrorRecords, get the HRESULT and a reference to the ISQLErrorInfo interface.  
            pIErrorRecords->GetBasicErrorInfo(errorno, &errorinfo);  
            pIErrorRecords->GetCustomErrorObject(errorno,IID_ISQLErrorInfo, (IUnknown**) &pISQLErrorInfo);  
  
            // Display the HRESULT, then use the ISQLErrorInfo.  
            wprintf(L"HRESULT:\t%#X\n", errorinfo.hrError);  
  
            if (pISQLErrorInfo != NULL) {  
               pISQLErrorInfo->GetSQLInfo(&bstrSQLSTATE, &lNativeError);  
               // Display SQLSTATE and native error values.  
               wprintf(L"SQLSTATE:\t%s\nNative Error:\t%ld\n", bstrSQLSTATE, lNativeError);  
  
               // SysFree BSTR references.  
               SysFreeString(bstrSQLSTATE);  
  
               // Get the ISQLServerErrorInfo interface from  
               // ISQLErrorInfo before releasing the reference.  
               pISQLErrorInfo->QueryInterface(IID_ISQLServerErrorInfo, (void**) &pISQLServerErrorInfo);  
  
               pISQLErrorInfo->Release();  
            }  
  
            // Test to ensure the reference is valid, then get error information from ISQLServerErrorInfo.  
            if (pISQLServerErrorInfo != NULL) {  
               pISQLServerErrorInfo->GetErrorInfo(&pSSErrorInfo, &pSSErrorStrings);  
  
               // ISQLServerErrorInfo::GetErrorInfo succeeds even when it  
               // has nothing to return. Test the pointers before using.  
               if (pSSErrorInfo) {  
                  // Display the state and severity from the returned  
                  // information. The error message comes from  
                  // IErrorInfo::GetDescription.  
                  wprintf(L"Error state:\t%d\nSeverity:\t%d\n", pSSErrorInfo->bState, pSSErrorInfo->bClass);  
                  wprintf(L"Procedure:\t%s\nLine:\t%d\n", pSSErrorInfo->pwszProcedure, pSSErrorInfo->wLineNumber);  
  
                  has_sql_errors++;  
  
                  // IMalloc::Free needed to release references on returned values.  
                  pMalloc->Free(pSSErrorStrings);  
                  pMalloc->Free(pSSErrorInfo);  
               }  
  
               pISQLServerErrorInfo->Release();  
            }  
  
            if (SUCCEEDED(pIErrorRecords->GetErrorInfo(errno, MYLOCALEID, &pIErrorInfoRecord))) {  
               // Get the source and description (error message) from the record's IErrorInfo.  
               pIErrorInfoRecord->GetSource(&bstrSource);  
               pIErrorInfoRecord->GetDescription(&bstrDescription);  
  
               if (bstrSource != NULL) {  
                  wprintf(L"Source:\t\t%s\n", bstrSource);  
                  SysFreeString(bstrSource);  
               }  
  
               if (bstrDescription != NULL) {  
                  wprintf(L"Error message:\t%s\n", bstrDescription);  
                  SysFreeString(bstrDescription);  
               }  
  
               pIErrorInfoRecord->Release();  
            }  
         }  
  
         pIErrorRecords->Release();  
      }  
      else {  
         // IErrorInfo is valid; get the source and  
         // description to see what it is.  
         pIErrorInfoAll->GetSource(&bstrSource);  
         pIErrorInfoAll->GetDescription(&bstrDescription);  
  
         if (bstrSource != NULL) {  
            wprintf(L"Source:\t\t%s\n", bstrSource);  
            SysFreeString(bstrSource);  
         }  
  
         if (bstrDescription != NULL) {  
            wprintf(L"Error message:\t%s\n", bstrDescription);  
            SysFreeString(bstrDescription);  
         }  
      }  
  
      pIErrorInfoAll->Release();  
   }  
   else  
      wprintf(L"GetErrorInfo failed.\n");  
  
   if (pISupportErrorInfo != NULL)  
      pISupportErrorInfo->Release();  
}