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How does the .NET CF handle null reference

  • Artigo

Hyderabad Microsoft Campus

What happens when we have code as bellow

 class B
{
    public virtual void Virt(){
        Console.WriteLine("Base::Virt");
    }
}

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args){
        B b = null;
        b.Virt(); // throws System.NullReferenceException
    }
}

Obviously we have a null reference exception being thrown. If you see the IL the call looks like

     L_0000: nop 
    L_0001: ldnull 
    L_0002: stloc.0 
    L_0003: ldloc.0 
    L_0004: callvirt instance void ConsoleApplication1.B::Virt()
    L_0009: nop 
    L_000a: ret

So in effect you'd expect the jitter to generate the following kind of code (in processor instruction)

 if (b == null)
   throw new NullReferenceException
else
   b->Virt() // actually call safely using the this pointer

However, generating null checks for every call is going to lead to code bloat. So to work around this on some platforms (e.g. .NETCF on WinCE 6.0 and above) it uses the following approach

  1. Hook up native access violation exception (WinCE 6.0 supports this) to a method in the execution engine (EE)
  2. Do not generate any null checking and directly generate calls through references
  3. In case the reference is null then a native AV (access violation is raised as invalid 0 address is accessed) and the hook method is called
  4. At this point the EE checks to see if the source of the access violation (native code) is inside Jitted code block. If yes it creates the managed NullRefenceException and propagates it up the call chain.
  5. If it's outside then obviously it's either CLR itself or some other native component is crashing and it has nothing to do about it..

Comments

  • Anonymous
    July 07, 2008
    The comment has been removed

  • Anonymous
    July 07, 2008
    I'm definitely not a security expert. However, how do you propose a user "create a class with a virtual method table". Remember the user specifies a class and it's methods in IL and the Jitter creates the method table.

  • Anonymous
    July 08, 2008
    The comment has been removed