Enumerar e consultar arquivos e pastas
Acesse arquivos e pastas que estão em uma pasta, biblioteca, dispositivo ou local de rede. Você também pode consultar arquivos e pastas em um local por meio de consultas de arquivo e pasta.
Para obter orientações sobre como armazenar os dados do seu aplicativo da Plataforma Universal do Windows, confira a classe ApplicationData.
Observação
Para obter um exemplo completo, consulte o Exemplo de enumeração de pasta.
Pré-requisitos
Entender a programação assíncrona para aplicativos UWP (Plataforma Universal do Windows)
Você pode aprender a escrever aplicativos assíncronos em C# ou Visual Basic, consulte Chamar APIs assíncronas em C# ou Visual Basic. Para aprender a escrever aplicativos assíncronos em C++/WinRT, consulte Simultaneidade e operações assíncronas com C++/WinRT. Para saber como escrever aplicativos assíncronos em C++/CX, consulte Programação assíncrona em C++/CX.
Permissões de acesso ao local
Por exemplo, o código nesses exemplos exige a funcionalidade picturesLibrary, mas o local talvez exija outra funcionalidade ou até mesmo nenhuma funcionalidade. Para obter mais informações, consulte Permissões de acesso a arquivo.
Enumerar arquivos e pastas em um local
Observação
Lembre-se de declarar a funcionalidade picturesLibrary.
Neste exemplo, usamos primeiro o método StorageFolder.GetFilesAsync para obter todos os arquivos na pasta raiz da KnownFolders.PicturesLibrary (não em subpastas) e listar o nome de cada arquivo. Em seguida, usamos o método StorageFolder.GetFoldersAsync para obter todas as subpastas na PicturesLibrary e listar o nome de cada subpasta.
StorageFolder picturesFolder = KnownFolders.PicturesLibrary;
StringBuilder outputText = new StringBuilder();
IReadOnlyList<StorageFile> fileList = await picturesFolder.GetFilesAsync();
outputText.AppendLine("Files:");
foreach (StorageFile file in fileList)
{
outputText.Append(file.Name + "\n");
}
IReadOnlyList<StorageFolder> folderList = await picturesFolder.GetFoldersAsync();
outputText.AppendLine("Folders:");
foreach (StorageFolder folder in folderList)
{
outputText.Append(folder.DisplayName + "\n");
}
// MainPage.h
// In MainPage.xaml: <TextBlock x:Name="OutputTextBlock"/>
#include <winrt/Windows.Storage.h>
#include <sstream>
...
Windows::Foundation::IAsyncAction ExampleCoroutineAsync()
{
// Be sure to specify the Pictures Folder capability in your Package.appxmanifest.
Windows::Storage::StorageFolder picturesFolder{
Windows::Storage::KnownFolders::PicturesLibrary()
};
std::wstringstream outputString;
outputString << L"Files:" << std::endl;
for (auto const& file : co_await picturesFolder.GetFilesAsync())
{
outputString << file.Name().c_str() << std::endl;
}
outputString << L"Folders:" << std::endl;
for (auto const& folder : co_await picturesFolder.GetFoldersAsync())
{
outputString << folder.Name().c_str() << std::endl;
}
OutputTextBlock().Text(outputString.str().c_str());
}
#include <ppltasks.h>
#include <string>
#include <memory>
using namespace Windows::Storage;
using namespace Platform::Collections;
using namespace concurrency;
using namespace std;
// Be sure to specify the Pictures Folder capability in the appxmanifext file.
StorageFolder^ picturesFolder = KnownFolders::PicturesLibrary;
// Use a shared_ptr so that the string stays in memory
// until the last task is complete.
auto outputString = make_shared<wstring>();
*outputString += L"Files:\n";
// Get a read-only vector of the file objects
// and pass it to the continuation.
create_task(picturesFolder->GetFilesAsync())
// outputString is captured by value, which creates a copy
// of the shared_ptr and increments its reference count.
.then ([outputString] (IVectorView\<StorageFile^>^ files)
{
for ( unsigned int i = 0 ; i < files->Size; i++)
{
*outputString += files->GetAt(i)->Name->Data();
*outputString += L"\n";
}
})
// We need to explicitly state the return type
// here: -IAsyncOperation<...>
.then([picturesFolder]() -IAsyncOperation\<IVectorView\<StorageFolder^>^>^
{
return picturesFolder->GetFoldersAsync();
})
// Capture "this" to access m_OutputTextBlock from within the lambda.
.then([this, outputString](IVectorView/<StorageFolder^>^ folders)
{
*outputString += L"Folders:\n";
for ( unsigned int i = 0; i < folders->Size; i++)
{
*outputString += folders->GetAt(i)->Name->Data();
*outputString += L"\n";
}
// Assume m_OutputTextBlock is a TextBlock defined in the XAML.
m_OutputTextBlock->Text = ref new String((*outputString).c_str());
});
Dim picturesFolder As StorageFolder = KnownFolders.PicturesLibrary
Dim outputText As New StringBuilder
Dim fileList As IReadOnlyList(Of StorageFile) =
Await picturesFolder.GetFilesAsync()
outputText.AppendLine("Files:")
For Each file As StorageFile In fileList
outputText.Append(file.Name & vbLf)
Next file
Dim folderList As IReadOnlyList(Of StorageFolder) =
Await picturesFolder.GetFoldersAsync()
outputText.AppendLine("Folders:")
For Each folder As StorageFolder In folderList
outputText.Append(folder.DisplayName & vbLf)
Next folder
Observação
No C# ou Visual Basic, lembre-se de colocar a palavra-chave async na declaração de qualquer método no qual você use o operador await.
Como alternativa, você pode usar o método StorageFolder.GetItemsAsync para obter todos os itens (arquivos e subpastas) em um local específico. O exemplo a seguir usa o método GetItemsAsync para obter todos os arquivos e subpastas na pasta raiz da KnownFolders.PicturesLibrary (e não em subpastas). Em seguida, o exemplo lista o nome de cada arquivo e subpasta. Se o item é uma subpasta, o exemplo anexa "folder"
ao nome.
StorageFolder picturesFolder = KnownFolders.PicturesLibrary;
StringBuilder outputText = new StringBuilder();
IReadOnlyList<IStorageItem> itemsList = await picturesFolder.GetItemsAsync();
foreach (var item in itemsList)
{
if (item is StorageFolder)
{
outputText.Append(item.Name + " folder\n");
}
else
{
outputText.Append(item.Name + "\n");
}
}
// MainPage.h
// In MainPage.xaml: <TextBlock x:Name="OutputTextBlock"/>
#include <winrt/Windows.Storage.h>
#include <sstream>
...
Windows::Foundation::IAsyncAction ExampleCoroutineAsync()
{
// Be sure to specify the Pictures Folder capability in your Package.appxmanifest.
Windows::Storage::StorageFolder picturesFolder{
Windows::Storage::KnownFolders::PicturesLibrary()
};
std::wstringstream outputString;
for (Windows::Storage::IStorageItem const& item : co_await picturesFolder.GetItemsAsync())
{
outputString << item.Name().c_str();
if (item.IsOfType(Windows::Storage::StorageItemTypes::Folder))
{
outputString << L" folder" << std::endl;
}
else
{
outputString << std::endl;
}
OutputTextBlock().Text(outputString.str().c_str());
}
}
// See previous example for comments, namespace and #include info.
StorageFolder^ picturesFolder = KnownFolders::PicturesLibrary;
auto outputString = make_shared<wstring>();
create_task(picturesFolder->GetItemsAsync())
.then ([this, outputString] (IVectorView<IStorageItem^>^ items)
{
for ( unsigned int i = 0 ; i < items->Size; i++)
{
*outputString += items->GetAt(i)->Name->Data();
if(items->GetAt(i)->IsOfType(StorageItemTypes::Folder))
{
*outputString += L" folder\n";
}
else
{
*outputString += L"\n";
}
m_OutputTextBlock->Text = ref new String((*outputString).c_str());
}
});
Dim picturesFolder As StorageFolder = KnownFolders.PicturesLibrary
Dim outputText As New StringBuilder
Dim itemsList As IReadOnlyList(Of IStorageItem) =
Await picturesFolder.GetItemsAsync()
For Each item In itemsList
If TypeOf item Is StorageFolder Then
outputText.Append(item.Name & " folder" & vbLf)
Else
outputText.Append(item.Name & vbLf)
End If
Next item
Consultar arquivos em um local e enumerar os arquivos correspondentes
Neste exemplo, consultamos todos os arquivos na KnownFolders.PicturesLibrary agrupados por mês e, desta vez, o exemplo retorna em subpastas. Primeiro, chamamos StorageFolder.CreateFolderQuery e passamos o valor CommonFolderQuery.GroupByMonth para o método. Isso nos dá um objeto StorageFolderQueryResult.
Em seguida, chamamos StorageFolderQueryResult.GetFoldersAsync, que retorna objetos StorageFolder que representam pastas virtuais. Nesse caso, estamos agrupando por mês, para que as pastas virtuais representem um grupo de arquivos com o mesmo mês.
StorageFolder picturesFolder = KnownFolders.PicturesLibrary;
StorageFolderQueryResult queryResult =
picturesFolder.CreateFolderQuery(CommonFolderQuery.GroupByMonth);
IReadOnlyList<StorageFolder> folderList =
await queryResult.GetFoldersAsync();
StringBuilder outputText = new StringBuilder();
foreach (StorageFolder folder in folderList)
{
IReadOnlyList<StorageFile> fileList = await folder.GetFilesAsync();
// Print the month and number of files in this group.
outputText.AppendLine(folder.Name + " (" + fileList.Count + ")");
foreach (StorageFile file in fileList)
{
// Print the name of the file.
outputText.AppendLine(" " + file.Name);
}
}
// MainPage.h
// In MainPage.xaml: <TextBlock x:Name="OutputTextBlock"/>
#include <winrt/Windows.Storage.h>
#include <winrt/Windows.Storage.Search.h>
#include <sstream>
...
Windows::Foundation::IAsyncAction ExampleCoroutineAsync()
{
// Be sure to specify the Pictures Folder capability in your Package.appxmanifest.
Windows::Storage::StorageFolder picturesFolder{
Windows::Storage::KnownFolders::PicturesLibrary()
};
Windows::Storage::Search::StorageFolderQueryResult queryResult{
picturesFolder.CreateFolderQuery(Windows::Storage::Search::CommonFolderQuery::GroupByMonth)
};
std::wstringstream outputString;
for (Windows::Storage::StorageFolder const& folder : co_await queryResult.GetFoldersAsync())
{
auto files{ co_await folder.GetFilesAsync() };
outputString << folder.Name().c_str() << L" (" << files.Size() << L")" << std::endl;
for (Windows::Storage::StorageFile const& file : files)
{
outputString << L" " << file.Name().c_str() << std::endl;
}
}
OutputTextBlock().Text(outputString.str().c_str());
}
#include <ppltasks.h>
#include <string>
#include <memory>
using namespace Windows::Storage;
using namespace Windows::Storage::Search;
using namespace concurrency;
using namespace Platform::Collections;
using namespace Windows::Foundation::Collections;
using namespace std;
StorageFolder^ picturesFolder = KnownFolders::PicturesLibrary;
StorageFolderQueryResult^ queryResult =
picturesFolder->CreateFolderQuery(CommonFolderQuery::GroupByMonth);
// Use shared_ptr so that outputString remains in memory
// until the task completes, which is after the function goes out of scope.
auto outputString = std::make_shared<wstring>();
create_task( queryResult->GetFoldersAsync()).then([this, outputString] (IVectorView<StorageFolder^>^ view)
{
for ( unsigned int i = 0; i < view->Size; i++)
{
create_task(view->GetAt(i)->GetFilesAsync()).then([this, i, view, outputString](IVectorView<StorageFile^>^ files)
{
*outputString += view->GetAt(i)->Name->Data();
*outputString += L" (";
*outputString += to_wstring(files->Size);
*outputString += L")\r\n";
for (unsigned int j = 0; j < files->Size; j++)
{
*outputString += L" ";
*outputString += files->GetAt(j)->Name->Data();
*outputString += L"\r\n";
}
}).then([this, outputString]()
{
m_OutputTextBlock->Text = ref new String((*outputString).c_str());
});
}
});
Dim picturesFolder As StorageFolder = KnownFolders.PicturesLibrary
Dim outputText As New StringBuilder
Dim queryResult As StorageFolderQueryResult =
picturesFolder.CreateFolderQuery(CommonFolderQuery.GroupByMonth)
Dim folderList As IReadOnlyList(Of StorageFolder) =
Await queryResult.GetFoldersAsync()
For Each folder As StorageFolder In folderList
Dim fileList As IReadOnlyList(Of StorageFile) =
Await folder.GetFilesAsync()
' Print the month and number of files in this group.
outputText.AppendLine(folder.Name & " (" & fileList.Count & ")")
For Each file As StorageFile In fileList
' Print the name of the file.
outputText.AppendLine(" " & file.Name)
Next file
Next folder
O resultado do exemplo é parecido com o seguinte:
July 2015 (2)
MyImage3.png
MyImage4.png
December 2014 (2)
MyImage1.png
MyImage2.png