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Upgrade the OS version for your Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) Windows workloads

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When upgrading the OS version of a running Windows workload on Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS), you need to deploy a new node pool to ensure the Windows versions match on each node pool. This article describes the steps to upgrade the OS version for Windows workloads on AKS. While this example focuses on the upgrade from Windows Server 2019 to Windows Server 2022, the same process can be followed to upgrade from any Windows Server version to another.

Windows Server OS version support

When a new version of the Windows Server operating system is released, AKS is committed to supporting it and recommending you upgrade to the latest version to take advantage of the fixes, improvements, and new functionality. AKS provides a five-year support lifecycle for every Windows Server version, starting with Windows Server 2022. During this period, AKS will release a new version that supports a newer version of Windows Server OS for you to upgrade to.

Note

  • Windows Server 2019 is being retired after Kubernetes version 1.32 reaches end of life (EOL). For more information, see AKS release notes.
  • Windows Server 2022 is being retired after Kubernetes version 1.34 reaches its end of life (EOL). For more information, see AKS release notes.

Limitations

Windows Server 2019 and Windows Server 2022 can't coexist on the same node pool on AKS. You need to create a new node pool to host the new OS version. It's important that you match the permissions and access of the previous node pool to the new one.

Before you begin

  • Update the FROM statement in your Dockerfile to the new OS version.
  • Check your application and verify the container app works on the new OS version.
  • Deploy the verified container app on AKS to a development or testing environment.
  • Take note of the new image name or tag for use in this article.

Note

To learn how to build a Dockerfile for Windows workloads, see Dockerfile on Windows and Optimize Windows Dockerfiles.

Add a Windows Server 2022 node pool to an existing cluster

Update the YAML file

Node Selector is the most common and recommended option for placement of Windows pods on Windows nodes.

  1. Add Node Selector to your YAML file by adding the following annotation:

          nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": windows

    The annotation finds any available Windows node and places the pod on that node (following all other scheduling rules). When upgrading from Windows Server 2019 to Windows Server 2022, you need to enforce the placement on a Windows node and a node running the latest OS version. To accomplish this, one option is to use a different annotation:

          nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.azure.com/os-sku": Windows2022

  2. Once you update the nodeSelector in the YAML file, you also need to update the container image you want to use. You can get this information from the previous step in which you created a new version of the containerized application by changing the FROM statement on your Dockerfile.

Note

You should use the same YAML file you used to initially deploy the application. This ensures that no other configuration changes besides the nodeSelector and container image.

Apply the updated YAML file to the existing workload

  1. View the nodes on your cluster using the kubectl get nodes command.

    kubectl get nodes -o wide

    The following example output shows all nodes on the cluster, including the new node pool you created and the existing node pools:

    NAME                                STATUS   ROLES   AGE     VERSION   INTERNAL-IP    EXTERNAL-IP   OS-IMAGE                         KERNEL-VERSION     CONTAINER-RUNTIME
aks-agentpool-18877473-vmss000000   Ready    agent   5h40m   v1.23.8   10.240.0.4     <none>        Ubuntu 18.04.6 LTS               5.4.0-1085-azure   containerd://1.5.11+azure-2
akspoolws000000                     Ready    agent   3h15m   v1.23.8   10.240.0.208   <none>        Windows Server 2022 Datacenter   10.0.20348.825     containerd://1.6.6+azure
akspoolws000001                     Ready    agent   3h17m   v1.23.8   10.240.0.239   <none>        Windows Server 2022 Datacenter   10.0.20348.825     containerd://1.6.6+azure
akspoolws000002                     Ready    agent   3h17m   v1.23.8   10.240.1.14    <none>        Windows Server 2022 Datacenter   10.0.20348.825     containerd://1.6.6+azure
akswspool000000                     Ready    agent   5h37m   v1.23.8   10.240.0.115   <none>        Windows Server 2019 Datacenter   10.0.17763.3165    containerd://1.6.6+azure
akswspool000001                     Ready    agent   5h37m   v1.23.8   10.240.0.146   <none>        Windows Server 2019 Datacenter   10.0.17763.3165    containerd://1.6.6+azure
akswspool000002                     Ready    agent   5h37m   v1.23.8   10.240.0.177   <none>        Windows Server 2019 Datacenter   10.0.17763.3165    containerd://1.6.6+azure

  2. Apply the updated YAML file to the existing workload using the kubectl apply command and specify the name of the YAML file.

    kubectl apply -f <filename>

    The following example output shows a configured status for the deployment:

    deployment.apps/sample configured
service/sample unchanged

    At this point, AKS starts the process of terminating the existing pods and deploying new pods to the Windows Server 2022 nodes.

  3. Check the status of the deployment using the kubectl get pods command.

    kubectl get pods -o wide

    The following example output shows the pods in the default namespace:

    NAME                      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     IP             NODE              NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
sample-7794bfcc4c-k62cq   1/1     Running   0          2m49s   10.240.0.238   akspoolws000000   <none>           <none>
sample-7794bfcc4c-rswq9   1/1     Running   0          2m49s   10.240.1.10    akspoolws000001   <none>           <none>
sample-7794bfcc4c-sh78c   1/1     Running   0          2m49s   10.240.0.228   akspoolws000000   <none>           <none>

Security and authentication considerations

If you're using Group Managed Service Accounts (gMSA), you need to update the Managed Identity configuration for the new node pool. gMSA uses a secret (user account and password) so the node that runs the Windows pod can authenticate the container against Microsoft Entra ID. To access that secret on Azure Key Vault, the node uses a Managed Identity that allows the node to access the resource. Since Managed Identities are configured per node pool, and the pod now resides on a new node pool, you need to update that configuration. For more information, see Enable Group Managed Service Accounts (GMSA) for your Windows Server nodes on your Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) cluster.

The same principle applies to Managed Identities for any other pod or node pool when accessing other Azure resources. You need to update any access that Managed Identity provides to reflect the new node pool. To view update and sign-in activities, see How to view Managed Identity activity.

Next steps

In this article, you learned how to upgrade the OS version for Windows workloads on AKS. To learn more about Windows workloads on AKS, see Deploy a Windows container application on Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS).