Loading the Microsoft Drivers for PHP for SQL Server

This page provides instructions for loading the Microsoft Drivers for PHP for SQL Server into the PHP process space.

Install the drivers on Windows with PIE

PIE, the PHP Installer for Extensions, installs the matching precompiled driver files and enables them in the PHP command-line configuration. Windows doesn't need a build toolchain.

Install a supported PHP version and the Microsoft ODBC Driver for SQL Server.
Run php --ini. If Loaded Configuration File is (none), copy php.ini-development from the PHP installation directory to php.ini in the same directory.
In php.ini, set the extension directory and enable the openssl and zip extensions:
```
extension_dir = "ext"
extension=openssl
extension=zip
```
From a writable working directory, download the latest stable pie.phar. The command works in Command Prompt and PowerShell:
```
curl.exe -fL --output pie.phar https://github.com/php/pie/releases/latest/download/pie.phar
```
If you have the GitHub CLI, verify that the PHP Foundation published the file:
```
gh attestation verify --owner php .\pie.phar
```

Install both drivers by using the PHP executable on PATH:

php .\pie.phar install microsoft/sqlsrv
php .\pie.phar install microsoft/pdo_sqlsrv

Verify that the same PHP command-line runtime loads both drivers:
```
php --ri sqlsrv
php --ri pdo_sqlsrv
```

For other PIE installation methods, see the PIE usage documentation.

Install the drivers on Linux and macOS

Install the drivers and their platform dependencies with PIE as described in the Linux and macOS installation tutorial.

Install prebuilt drivers manually

You can download the prebuilt drivers from the Microsoft Drivers for PHP for SQL Server page. The Windows download is a ZIP that contains SQLSRV and PDO_SQLSRV driver files for each supported PHP version, architecture, and thread-safety mode. Select the files that match your PHP environment. See System requirements for the file list.

You can also build the drivers from source either when building PHP or by using phpize. If you choose to build the drivers from source, you have the option of building them statically into PHP instead of building them as shared extensions by adding --enable-sqlsrv=static --with-pdo_sqlsrv=static (on Linux and macOS) or --enable-sqlsrv=static --with-pdo-sqlsrv=static (on Windows) to the ./configure command when building PHP. For more information on the PHP build system and phpize, see the PHP documentation.

Moving the driver file into your extension directory

The driver file must be located in a directory where the PHP runtime can find it. It's easiest to put the driver file in your default PHP extension directory - to find the default directory, run php -i | sls extension_dir on Windows or php -i | grep extension_dir on Linux/macOS. If you aren't using the default extension directory, specify a directory in the PHP configuration file (php.ini), using the extension_dir option. For example, on Windows, if you put the driver file in your c:\php\ext directory, add the following line to php.ini:

extension_dir = "c:\PHP\ext"

Loading the driver at PHP startup

To load the SQLSRV driver when PHP is started, first move a driver file into your extension directory. Then, follow these steps:

To enable the SQLSRV driver, modify php.ini by adding the following line to the extension section, changing the filename as appropriate for your PHP version and thread safe versus non thread safe installation:

On Windows:
```
extension=php_sqlsrv_83_ts.dll
```
On Linux, if you downloaded the prebuilt binaries for your distribution:
```
extension=php_sqlsrv_83_nts.so
```
If you compiled the SQLSRV binary from source, or installed it with PIE or PECL, its name is sqlsrv.so:
```
extension=sqlsrv.so
```
To enable the PDO_SQLSRV driver, the PHP Data Objects (PDO) extension must be available, either as a built-in extension or as a dynamically loaded extension.

On Windows, the prebuilt PHP binaries come with PDO built-in, so there's no need to modify php.ini to load it. If, however, you compiled PHP from source and specified a separate PDO extension to be built, its name is php_pdo.dll, and you must copy it to your extension directory and add the following line to php.ini:
```
extension=php_pdo.dll
```
On Linux, if you installed PHP using your system's package manager, PDO is probably installed as a dynamically loaded extension named pdo.so. The PDO extension must be loaded before the PDO_SQLSRV extension, or loading fails. Extensions are loaded using individual .ini files, and these files are read after php.ini. Therefore, if pdo.so is loaded through its own .ini file, a separate file loading the PDO_SQLSRV driver after PDO is required.

To find out which directory the extension-specific .ini files are located, run php --ini and note the directory listed under Scan for additional .ini files in:. Find the file that loads pdo.so. It should be prefixed with a number, such as 10-pdo.ini. The numerical prefix indicates the loading order of the .ini files, while files that don't have a numerical prefix are loaded alphabetically. Create a file to load the PDO_SQLSRV driver file called either 30-pdo_sqlsrv.ini (any number larger than the one that prefixes pdo.ini works) or pdo_sqlsrv.ini (if pdo.ini isn't prefixed with a number), and add the following line to it, changing the filename as appropriate:
```
extension=php_pdo_sqlsrv_3_nts.so
```
As with SQLSRV, if you compiled the PDO_SQLSRV binary from source, or installed it with PIE or PECL, its name is pdo_sqlsrv.so:
```
extension=pdo_sqlsrv.so
```
Copy this file to the directory that contains the other .ini files.

If you compiled PHP from source with built-in PDO support, you don't require a separate .ini file, and you can add the previous line to php.ini.
Restart the web server.

Note

To determine whether the driver is successfully loaded, run a script that calls phpinfo().

For more information about php.ini directives, see Description of core php.ini directives.

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Last updated on 2026-09-25