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Use table-valued parameters (PHP)

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Download PHP driver

Applicable to

  • Microsoft Drivers 5.10.0 for PHP for SQL Server

Introduction

You can use table-valued parameters to send multiple rows of data to a Transact-SQL statement or a stored procedure. You don't need to create a temporary table. To use a table-valued parameter with the PHP drivers, declare a user-defined table type with a name, as shown in the examples on this page.

Use a table-valued parameter with a stored procedure

The following examples assume the following tables, table type, and stored procedure exist:

CREATE TABLE TVPOrd(
    OrdNo INTEGER IDENTITY(1,1),
    OrdDate DATETIME,
    CustID VARCHAR(10))


CREATE TABLE TVPItem(
    OrdNo INTEGER,
    ItemNo INTEGER IDENTITY(1,1),
    ProductCode CHAR(10),
    OrderQty INTEGER,
    SalesDate DATE,
    Label NVARCHAR(30),
    Price DECIMAL(5,2),
    Photo VARBINARY(MAX))


--Create TABLE type for use as a TVP
CREATE TYPE TVPParam AS TABLE(
                ProductCode CHAR(10),
                OrderQty INTEGER,
                SalesDate DATE,
                Label NVARCHAR(30),
                Price DECIMAL(5,2),
                Photo VARBINARY(MAX))


--Create procedure with TVP parameters
CREATE PROCEDURE TVPOrderEntry(
        @CustID VARCHAR(10),
        @Items TVPParam READONLY,
        @OrdNo INTEGER OUTPUT,
        @OrdDate DATETIME OUTPUT)
AS
BEGIN
    SET @OrdDate = GETDATE(); SET NOCOUNT ON;
    INSERT INTO TVPOrd (OrdDate, CustID) VALUES (@OrdDate, @CustID);
    SELECT @OrdNo = SCOPE_IDENTITY();
    INSERT INTO TVPItem (OrdNo, ProductCode, OrderQty, SalesDate, Label, Price, Photo)
    SELECT @OrdNo, ProductCode, OrderQty, SalesDate, Label, Price, Photo
    FROM @Items
END

The PHP drivers use row-wise binding for table-valued parameters (TVPs), and you must provide the type name as a non-empty string. In this example, the name is TVPParam. The TVP input is essentially a key-value pair with TVP type name as the key and the input data as a nested array. For example:

$image1 = fopen($pic1, 'rb');
$image2 = fopen($pic2, 'rb');
$image3 = fopen($pic3, 'rb');

$items = [
    ['0062836700', 367, "2009-03-12", 'AWC Tee Male Shirt', '20.75', $image1],
    ['1250153272', 256, "2017-11-07", 'Superlight Black Bicycle', '998.45', $image2],
    ['1328781505', 260, "2010-03-03", 'Silver Chain for Bikes', '88.98', $image3],
];

// Create a TVP input array
$tvpType = 'TVPParam';
$tvpInput = array($tvpType => $items);

// To execute the stored procedure, either execute a direct query or prepare this query:
$callTVPOrderEntry = "{call TVPOrderEntry(?, ?, ?, ?)}";

Use the SQLSRV driver

You may call sqlsrv_query or sqlsrv_prepare with sqlsrv_execute. The following example shows the former use case:

$custCode = 'SRV_123';
$ordNo = 0;
$ordDate = null;
$params = array($custCode,
                array($tvpInput, SQLSRV_PARAM_IN, SQLSRV_PHPTYPE_TABLE, SQLSRV_SQLTYPE_TABLE), // or simply array($tvpInput),
                array(&$ordNo, SQLSRV_PARAM_OUT),
                array(&$ordDate, SQLSRV_PARAM_OUT, SQLSRV_PHPTYPE_STRING(SQLSRV_ENC_CHAR)));
$stmt = sqlsrv_query($conn, $callTVPOrderEntry, $params);
if (!$stmt) {
    print_r(sqlsrv_errors());
}
sqlsrv_next_result($stmt);

In addition, you may use sqlsrv_send_stream_data to send TVP data post execution. For example:

$options = array("SendStreamParamsAtExec" => 0);
$stmt = sqlsrv_prepare($conn, $callTVPOrderEntry, $params, $options);
if (!$stmt) {
    print_r(sqlsrv_errors());
}
$res = sqlsrv_execute($stmt);
if (!$res) {
    print_r(sqlsrv_errors());
}

// Now call sqlsrv_send_stream_data in a loop
while (sqlsrv_send_stream_data($stmt)) {
}
sqlsrv_next_result($stmt);

Use the PDO_SQLSRV driver

This is an equivalent example when using the PDO_SQLSRV driver. You can use prepare/execute with bindParam and specify the TVP input as a PDO::PARAM_LOB. If not, you'll get this error: Operand type clash: nvarchar is incompatible with ….

try {
    $stmt = $conn->prepare($callTVPOrderEntry);
    $stmt->bindParam(1, $custCode);
    $stmt->bindParam(2, $tvpInput, PDO::PARAM_LOB);
    // 3 - OrdNo output
    $stmt->bindParam(3, $ordNo, PDO::PARAM_INT, 10);
    // 4 - OrdDate output
    $stmt->bindParam(4, $ordDate, PDO::PARAM_STR, 20);
    $stmt->execute();
} catch (PDOException $e) {
    ...
}

If your stored procedure only takes input parameters, you can use bindValue instead of bindParam.

Use a schema other than the default dbo schema

If you're not using the default dbo schema, then you should provide the schema name. Even if the schema name contains a space character, do not use delimiters like [ or ].

    $inputs = [
        ['ABC', 12345, null],
        ['DEF', 6789, 'This is a test']
    ];
    $schema = 'Sales DB';
    $tvpType = 'TestTVP';

    // i.e. the TVP type name is "[Sales DB].[TestTVP]"
    $tvpInput = array($tvpType => $inputs, $schema);

Use a table-valued parameter without a stored procedure

You may use table-valued parameters without stored procedures. Consider the following example:

CREATE TYPE id_table_type AS TABLE(id INT PRIMARY KEY)

CREATE TABLE test_table (id INT PRIMARY KEY)

Use the SQLSRV driver

This is an example when using a user-defined schema:

$schema = 'my schema';
$tvpName = 'id_table_type';

$tsql = "INSERT INTO [$schema].[test_table] SELECT * FROM ?";
$params = [
[[$tvpname => [[1], [2], [3]], $schema]],
];

$stmt = sqlsrv_query($conn, $tsql, $params);
if (!$stmt) {
    print_r(sqlsrv_errors());
}
sqlsrv_free_stmt($stmt);

Use the PDO_SQLSRV driver

This is an example when using the default dbo schema:

$tsql = "INSERT INTO test_table SELECT * FROM ?";
$tvpInput = array('id_table_type' => [[1], [2], [3]]);

$stmt = $conn->prepare($tsql);
$stmt->bindParam(1, $tvpInput, PDO::PARAM_LOB);
$result = $stmt->execute();

See also