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Outer Joins

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ODBC supports the SQL-92 left, right, and full outer join syntax. The escape sequence for outer joins is

{oj outer-join}

where outer-join is

table-reference {LEFT | RIGHT | FULL} OUTER JOIN {table-reference | outer-join} ON search-condition

table-reference specifies a table name, and search-condition specifies the join condition between the table-references.

An outer join request must appear after the FROM keyword and before the WHERE clause (if one exists). For complete syntax information, see Outer Join Escape Sequence in Appendix C: SQL Grammar.

For example, the following SQL statements create the same result set that lists all customers and shows which has open orders. The first statement uses the escape-sequence syntax. The second statement uses the native syntax for Oracle and is not interoperable.

SELECT Customers.CustID, Customers.Name, Orders.OrderID, Orders.Status  
   FROM {oj Customers LEFT OUTER JOIN Orders ON Customers.CustID=Orders.CustID}  
   WHERE Orders.Status='OPEN'  
  
SELECT Customers.CustID, Customers.Name, Orders.OrderID, Orders.Status  
   FROM Customers, Orders  
   WHERE (Orders.Status='OPEN') AND (Customers.CustID= Orders.CustID(+))

To determine the types of outer joins that a data source and driver support, an application calls SQLGetInfo with the SQL_OJ_CAPABILITIES flag. The types of outer joins that might be supported are left, right, full, or nested outer joins; outer joins in which the column names in the ON clause do not have the same order as their respective table names in the OUTER JOIN clause; inner joins in conjunction with outer joins; and outer joins using any ODBC comparison operator. If the SQL_OJ_CAPABILITIES information type returns 0, no outer join clause is supported.