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Copy data from Amazon S3 to Azure Storage by using AzCopy

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AzCopy is a command-line utility that you can use to copy blobs or files to or from a storage account. This article helps you copy objects, directories, and buckets from Amazon Web Services (AWS) S3 to Azure Blob Storage by using AzCopy.

Note

AzCopy supports standard virtual-hosted-style or path-style URLs defined by AWS. For example: https://bucket.s3.amazonaws.com or https://s3.amazonaws.com/bucket.

Choose how you'll provide authorization credentials

  • To authorize with the Azure Storage, use Microsoft Entra ID or a Shared Access Signature (SAS) token.

  • To authorize with AWS S3, use an AWS access key and a secret access key.

Authorize with Azure Storage

See the Get started with AzCopy article to download AzCopy, and choose how you'll provide authorization credentials to the storage service.

Note

The examples in this article assume that you've authenticated your identity by using the AzCopy login command. AzCopy then uses your Microsoft Entra account to authorize access to data in Blob storage.

If you'd rather use a SAS token to authorize access to blob data, then you can append that token to the resource URL in each AzCopy command.

For example: https://mystorageaccount.blob.core.windows.net/mycontainer?<SAS-token>.

Authorize with AWS S3

Gather your AWS access key and secret access key, and then set these environment variables:

Operating system Command
Windows PowerShell:$env:AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=<access-key>
$env:AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=<secret-access-key>
In a command prompt use: set AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=<access-key>
set AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=<secret-access-key>
Linux export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=<access-key>
export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=<secret-access-key>
macOS export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=<access-key>
export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=<secret-access-key>

These credentials are used to generate pre-signed URLs that are used to copy objects.

Copy objects, directories, and buckets

AzCopy uses the Put Block From URL API, so data is copied directly between AWS S3 and storage servers. These copy operations don't use the network bandwidth of your computer.

Tip

The examples in this section enclose path arguments with single quotes (''). Use single quotes in all command shells except for the Windows Command Shell (cmd.exe). If you're using a Windows Command Shell (cmd.exe), enclose path arguments with double quotes ("") instead of single quotes ('').

These examples also work with accounts that have a hierarchical namespace. Multi-protocol access on Data Lake Storage enables you to use the same URL syntax (blob.core.windows.net) on those accounts.

Copy an object

Use the same URL syntax (blob.core.windows.net) for accounts that have a hierarchical namespace.

Syntax

azcopy copy 'https://s3.amazonaws.com/<bucket-name>/<object-name>' 'https://<storage-account-name>.blob.core.windows.net/<container-name>/<blob-name>'

Example

azcopy copy 'https://s3.amazonaws.com/mybucket/myobject' 'https://mystorageaccount.blob.core.windows.net/mycontainer/myblob'

Note

Examples in this article use path-style URLs for AWS S3 buckets (For example: http://s3.amazonaws.com/<bucket-name>).

You can also use virtual hosted-style URLs as well (For example: http://bucket.s3.amazonaws.com).

To learn more about virtual hosting of buckets, see Virtual Hosting of Buckets.

Copy a directory

Use the same URL syntax (blob.core.windows.net) for accounts that have a hierarchical namespace.

Syntax

azcopy copy 'https://s3.amazonaws.com/<bucket-name>/<directory-name>' 'https://<storage-account-name>.blob.core.windows.net/<container-name>/<directory-name>' --recursive=true

Example

azcopy copy 'https://s3.amazonaws.com/mybucket/mydirectory' 'https://mystorageaccount.blob.core.windows.net/mycontainer/mydirectory' --recursive=true

Note

This example appends the --recursive flag to copy files in all sub-directories.

Copy the contents of a directory

You can copy the contents of a directory without copying the containing directory itself by using the wildcard symbol (*).

Syntax

azcopy copy 'https://s3.amazonaws.com/<bucket-name>/<directory-name>/*' 'https://<storage-account-name>.blob.core.windows.net/<container-name>/<directory-name>' --recursive=true

Example

azcopy copy 'https://s3.amazonaws.com/mybucket/mydirectory/*' 'https://mystorageaccount.blob.core.windows.net/mycontainer/mydirectory' --recursive=true

Copy a bucket

Use the same URL syntax (blob.core.windows.net) for accounts that have a hierarchical namespace.

Syntax

azcopy copy 'https://s3.amazonaws.com/<bucket-name>' 'https://<storage-account-name>.blob.core.windows.net/<container-name>' --recursive=true

Example

azcopy copy 'https://s3.amazonaws.com/mybucket' 'https://mystorageaccount.blob.core.windows.net/mycontainer' --recursive=true

Copy all buckets in all regions

Use the same URL syntax (blob.core.windows.net) for accounts that have a hierarchical namespace.

Syntax

azcopy copy 'https://s3.amazonaws.com/' 'https://<storage-account-name>.blob.core.windows.net' --recursive=true

Example

azcopy copy 'https://s3.amazonaws.com' 'https://mystorageaccount.blob.core.windows.net' --recursive=true

Copy all buckets in a specific S3 region

Use the same URL syntax (blob.core.windows.net) for accounts that have a hierarchical namespace.

Syntax

azcopy copy 'https://s3-<region-name>.amazonaws.com/' 'https://<storage-account-name>.blob.core.windows.net' --recursive=true

Example

azcopy copy 'https://s3-rds.eu-north-1.amazonaws.com' 'https://mystorageaccount.blob.core.windows.net' --recursive=true

Handle differences in object naming rules

AWS S3 has a different set of naming conventions for bucket names as compared to Azure blob containers. You can read about them here. If you choose to copy a group of buckets to an Azure storage account, the copy operation might fail because of naming differences.

AzCopy handles two of the most common issues that can arise; buckets that contain periods and buckets that contain consecutive hyphens. AWS S3 bucket names can contain periods and consecutive hyphens, but a container in Azure can't. AzCopy replaces periods with hyphens and consecutive hyphens with a number that represents the number of consecutive hyphens (For example: a bucket named my----bucket becomes my-4-bucket.

Also, as AzCopy copies over files, it checks for naming collisions and attempts to resolve them. For example, if there are buckets with the name bucket-name and bucket.name, AzCopy resolves a bucket named bucket.name first to bucket-name and then to bucket-name-2.

Handle differences in object metadata

AWS S3 and Azure allow different sets of characters in the names of object keys. You can read about the characters that AWS S3 uses here. On the Azure side, blob object keys adhere to the naming rules for C# identifiers.

As part of an AzCopy copy command, you can provide a value for optional the s2s-handle-invalid-metadata flag that specifies how you would like to handle files where the metadata of the file contains incompatible key names. The following table describes each flag value.

Flag value Description
ExcludeIfInvalid (Default option) The metadata isn't included in the transferred object. AzCopy logs a warning.
FailIfInvalid Objects aren't copied. AzCopy logs an error and includes that error in the failed count that appears in the transfer summary.
RenameIfInvalid AzCopy resolves the invalid metadata key, and copies the object to Azure using the resolved metadata key value pair. To learn exactly what steps AzCopy takes to rename object keys, see the How AzCopy renames object keys section below. If AzCopy is unable to rename the key, then the object won't be copied.

How AzCopy renames object keys

AzCopy performs these steps:

  1. Replaces invalid characters with '_'.

  2. Adds the string rename_ to the beginning of a new valid key.

    This key will be used to save the original metadata value.

  3. Adds the string rename_key_ to the beginning of a new valid key. This key will be used to save original metadata invalid key. You can use this key to try to recover the metadata in Azure side since metadata key is preserved as a value on the Blob storage service.

Next steps

Find more examples in these articles:

See these articles to configure settings, optimize performance, and troubleshoot issues: