Use Date and Time Types
Applies to:
SQL Server
Azure SQL Database
Azure SQL Managed Instance
Azure Synapse Analytics
Analytics Platform System (PDW)
This sample shows how to initialize the date/time data structures that were added in SQL Server 2008 (10.0.x). It then prepares the input values, binds parameters, and executes the query. For more information about using these types, see Date and Time Improvements (ODBC).
Example
You will need an ODBC data source called DateTime. The default database for DateTime should be tempdb. This data source must be based on the ODBC driver for SQL Server Native Client.
If you will build and run this sample as a 32-bit application on a 64-bit operating system, you must create the ODBC data source with the ODBC Administrator in %windir%\SysWOW64\odbcad32.exe.
This sample connects to your computer's default SQL Server instance. To connect to a named instance, change the definition of the ODBC data source to specify the instance using the following format: server\namedinstance. By default, SQL Server Express installs to a named instance.
The first ( Transact-SQL) code listing creates a table used by this sample.
Compile the second (C++) code listing with odbc32.lib and user32.lib. Make sure your INCLUDE environment variable includes the directory that contains sqlncli.h.
The third ( Transact-SQL) code listing deletes the table used by this sample.
use tempdb
GO
IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sysobjects WHERE name = 'DateTimeTypes')
DROP TABLE DateTimeTypes
GO
CREATE TABLE DateTimeTypes (datecol date, time2col time(7), datetime2col datetime2(7), datetimeoffsetcol datetimeoffset(7))
GO
// compile with: odbc32.lib user32.lib
#include <windows.h>
#include <Sqlext.h>
#include <mbstring.h>
#include <sqlncli.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#define MAX_DATA 1024
#define MYSQLSUCCESS(rc) ( (rc == SQL_SUCCESS) || (rc == SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO) )
class direxec {
RETCODE rc; // ODBC return code
HENV henv; // Environment
HDBC hdbc; // Connection Handle
HSTMT hstmt; // Statement Handle
SQLHDESC hdesc; // Descriptor handle
unsigned char szData[MAX_DATA]; // Returned Data Storage
SDWORD cbData; // Output Length of data
unsigned char char_ds_name[SQL_MAX_DSN_LENGTH]; // Data Source Name
SQL_DATE_STRUCT date; // date structure
SQL_SS_TIME2_STRUCT time2; // time2 structure
SQL_TIMESTAMP_STRUCT datetime2; // datetime2 structure
SQL_SS_TIMESTAMPOFFSET_STRUCT dateTimeOffset; // datetimeoffset structure
SQLLEN cbdate; // size of date structure
SQLLEN cbtime2; // size of time structure
SQLLEN cbdatetime2; // size of datetime2
SQLLEN cbtimestampoffset; //size of dateTimeOffset
public:
direxec(); // Constructor
void sqlconn(); // Allocate env, stat and conn
void sqldisconn(); // Free pointers to env, stat, conn and disconnect
void error_out(); // Display errors
void check_rc(RETCODE rc); // Checks for success of the return code
void sqlinsert(); // Insert into the table
};
// Constructor initializes the string char_ds_name with the data source name and
// initialize the data structures to with the date to be inserted.
direxec::direxec() {
_mbscpy_s(char_ds_name, (const unsigned char *)"DateTime");
// Initialize the date structure
date.day = 12;
date.month = 10;
date.year = 2001;
// Initialize the time structure
time2.hour = 21;
time2.minute = 45;
time2.second = 52;
time2.fraction = 100 ;
// Initialize the datetime2 structure
datetime2.year = 2007;
datetime2.month = 12;
datetime2.day = 26;
datetime2.hour = 0;
datetime2.minute = 0;
datetime2.second = 0;
datetime2.fraction = 100;
// Initialize the timestampoffset structure
dateTimeOffset.year = 2007;
dateTimeOffset.month = 3;
dateTimeOffset.day = 11;
dateTimeOffset.hour = 2;
dateTimeOffset.minute = 30;
dateTimeOffset.second = 29;
dateTimeOffset.fraction = 200;
dateTimeOffset.timezone_hour = -8;
dateTimeOffset.timezone_minute = 0;
// Size of structures
cbdate = sizeof(SQL_DATE_STRUCT);
cbtime2 = sizeof(SQL_SS_TIME2_STRUCT);
cbdatetime2 = sizeof(SQL_TIMESTAMP_STRUCT);
cbtimestampoffset = sizeof(SQL_SS_TIMESTAMPOFFSET_STRUCT);
} // direxec
// Allocate environment handles, connection handle, connect to data source, and allocate statement handle
void direxec::sqlconn() {
// Allocate the environment handle
rc = SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, SQL_NULL_HANDLE, &henv);
check_rc(rc);
// Set the ODBC version to version 3
rc = SQLSetEnvAttr(henv, SQL_ATTR_ODBC_VERSION, (SQLPOINTER) SQL_OV_ODBC3, SQL_IS_INTEGER);
check_rc(rc);
// Allocate the database connection handle
rc = SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, henv, &hdbc);
check_rc(rc);
// Connect to the database
rc = SQLConnect(hdbc, char_ds_name, SQL_NTS, NULL, 0, NULL, 0);
check_rc(rc);
// Allocate the statement handle
rc = SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_STMT, hdbc, &hstmt);
check_rc(rc);
// Allocate the descriptor handle
rc = rc = SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_DESC, hdbc, &hdesc);
check_rc(rc);
} // direxec::sqlconn
// Display error message from the DiagRecord
void direxec::error_out() {
// String to hold the SQL State
unsigned char szSQLSTATE[10];
// Error code
SDWORD nErr;
// The error message
unsigned char msg[SQL_MAX_MESSAGE_LENGTH + 1];
// Size of the message
SWORD cbmsg;
// If hstmt is not null use that for getting the DiagRec
if (hstmt)
rc = SQLGetDiagRec(SQL_HANDLE_STMT, hstmt, 1, szSQLSTATE, &nErr, msg, sizeof(msg), &cbmsg);
// else get the diag record from the env
else
rc = SQLGetDiagRec(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, henv, 1, szSQLSTATE, &nErr, msg, sizeof(msg), &cbmsg);
// If the rc is successful, show the message using a message box
if ( rc == SQL_SUCCESS) {
char hold_err[100];
_itoa_s(nErr, hold_err, 100, 10);
_snprintf_s((char *)szData, MAX_DATA, MAX_DATA - 1, "%s" "%s" "%s" "%s" "%s" "%s" "%s" "%s",
"Error:", "\n", "SQLSTATE= ", szSQLSTATE, ", Native error=", hold_err, ", msg = ", msg);
MessageBox(NULL, (const char *)szData, "ODBC Error", MB_OK);
}
} // direxec::error_out
// Checks the return code. If failure, displays the error, free the memory and exits the program
void direxec::check_rc(RETCODE rc) {
if (!MYSQLSUCCESS(rc)) {
error_out();
SQLFreeEnv(henv);
SQLFreeConnect(hdbc);
exit(-1);
}
} // direxec::check_rc
// Function to insert dates into the table.
void direxec::sqlinsert() {
rc = SQLPrepare(hstmt, (SQLCHAR *) "INSERT INTO DateTimeTypes (datecol, time2col, datetime2col, datetimeoffsetcol) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)", SQL_NTS);
check_rc(rc);
rc = SQLBindParameter(hstmt, 1, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_TYPE_DATE, SQL_TYPE_DATE, 10, 0, &date, 0, &cbdate);
check_rc(rc);
rc = SQLBindParameter(hstmt, 2, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_BINARY, SQL_SS_TIME2, 16, 7, &time2, 0, &cbtime2);
check_rc(rc);
rc = SQLBindParameter(hstmt, 3, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_TIMESTAMP, SQL_TYPE_TIMESTAMP, 27, 7, &datetime2, 0, &cbdatetime2);
check_rc(rc);
rc = SQLBindParameter(hstmt, 4, SQL_PARAM_INPUT, SQL_C_BINARY, SQL_SS_TIMESTAMPOFFSET, 34, 7, &dateTimeOffset, 0, &cbtimestampoffset);
check_rc(rc);
rc = SQLExecute(hstmt);
check_rc(rc);
} // direxec::sqlinsert
int main() {
direxec x;
// Allocate handles, and connect.
x.sqlconn();
// Insert all into the table
x.sqlinsert();
}
USE tempdb
GO
IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sysobjects WHERE name = 'DateTimeTypes')
DROP TABLE DateTimeTypes
GO