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Unit and integration tests in Minimal API apps

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Note

This isn't the latest version of this article. For the current release, see the .NET 8 version of this article.

Warning

This version of ASP.NET Core is no longer supported. For more information, see .NET and .NET Core Support Policy. For the current release, see the .NET 8 version of this article.

Important

This information relates to a pre-release product that may be substantially modified before it's commercially released. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, with respect to the information provided here.

For the current release, see the .NET 8 version of this article.

By Fiyaz Bin Hasan, and Rick Anderson

Introduction to integration tests

Integration tests evaluate an app's components on a broader level than unit tests. Unit tests are used to test isolated software components, such as individual class methods. Integration tests confirm that two or more app components work together to produce an expected result, possibly including every component required to fully process a request.

These broader tests are used to test the app's infrastructure and whole framework, often including the following components:

  • Database
  • File system
  • Network appliances
  • Request-response pipeline

Unit tests use fabricated components, known as fakes or mock objects, in place of infrastructure components.

In contrast to unit tests, integration tests:

  • Use the actual components that the app uses in production.
  • Require more code and data processing.
  • Take longer to run.

Therefore, limit the use of integration tests to the most important infrastructure scenarios. If a behavior can be tested using either a unit test or an integration test, choose the unit test.

In discussions of integration tests, the tested project is frequently called the System Under Test, or "SUT" for short. "SUT" is used throughout this article to refer to the ASP.NET Core app being tested.

Don't write integration tests for every permutation of data and file access with databases and file systems. Regardless of how many places across an app interact with databases and file systems, a focused set of read, write, update, and delete integration tests are usually capable of adequately testing database and file system components. Use unit tests for routine tests of method logic that interact with these components. In unit tests, the use of infrastructure fakes or mocks result in faster test execution.

ASP.NET Core integration tests

Integration tests in ASP.NET Core require the following:

  • A test project is used to contain and execute the tests. The test project has a reference to the SUT.
  • The test project creates a test web host for the SUT and uses a test server client to handle requests and responses with the SUT.
  • A test runner is used to execute the tests and report the test results.

Integration tests follow a sequence of events that include the usual Arrange, Act, and Assert test steps:

  1. The SUT's web host is configured.
  2. A test server client is created to submit requests to the app.
  3. The Arrange test step is executed: The test app prepares a request.
  4. The Act test step is executed: The client submits the request and receives the response.
  5. The Assert test step is executed: The actual response is validated as a pass or fail based on an expected response.
  6. The process continues until all of the tests are executed.
  7. The test results are reported.

Usually, the test web host is configured differently than the app's normal web host for the test runs. For example, a different database or different app settings might be used for the tests.

Infrastructure components, such as the test web host and in-memory test server (TestServer), are provided or managed by the Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Testing package. Use of this package streamlines test creation and execution.

The Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Testing package handles the following tasks:

  • Copies the dependencies file (.deps) from the SUT into the test project's bin directory.
  • Sets the content root to the SUT's project root so that static files and pages/views are found when the tests are executed.
  • Provides the WebApplicationFactory class to streamline bootstrapping the SUT with TestServer.

The unit tests documentation describes how to set up a test project and test runner, along with detailed instructions on how to run tests and recommendations for how to name tests and test classes.

Separate unit tests from integration tests into different projects. Separating the tests:

  • Helps ensure that infrastructure testing components aren't accidentally included in the unit tests.
  • Allows control over which set of tests are run.

The sample code on GitHub provides an example of unit and integration tests on a Minimal API app.

IResult implementation types

Public IResult implementation types in the Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http.HttpResults namespace can be used to unit test minimal route handlers when using named methods instead of lambdas.

The following code uses the NotFound<TValue> class:

[Fact]
public async Task GetTodoReturnsNotFoundIfNotExists()
{
    // Arrange
    await using var context = new MockDb().CreateDbContext();

    // Act
    var result = await TodoEndpointsV1.GetTodo(1, context);

    //Assert
    Assert.IsType<Results<Ok<Todo>, NotFound>>(result);

    var notFoundResult = (NotFound) result.Result;

    Assert.NotNull(notFoundResult);
}

The following code uses the Ok<TValue> class:

[Fact]
public async Task GetTodoReturnsTodoFromDatabase()
{
    // Arrange
    await using var context = new MockDb().CreateDbContext();

    context.Todos.Add(new Todo
    {
        Id = 1,
        Title = "Test title",
        Description = "Test description",
        IsDone = false
    });

    await context.SaveChangesAsync();

    // Act
    var result = await TodoEndpointsV1.GetTodo(1, context);

    //Assert
    Assert.IsType<Results<Ok<Todo>, NotFound>>(result);

    var okResult = (Ok<Todo>)result.Result;

    Assert.NotNull(okResult.Value);
    Assert.Equal(1, okResult.Value.Id);
}

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