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Scaffold Identity in ASP.NET Core projects

  • Artikel

By Rick Anderson

Blazor Identity scaffolding

ASP.NET Core Identity scaffolding adds ASP.NET Core Identity to Blazor Web Apps and Blazor Server apps. After the scaffolder adds the Identity Razor components to the app, you can customize the components to suit your app's requirements.

Although the scaffolder generates the necessary C# code to scaffold Identity into the app, you must update the project's database with an Entity Framework (EF) Core database migration to complete the process. This article explains the steps required to migrate a database.

Inspect the changes after running the Identity scaffolder. We recommend using GitHub or another source control system that shows file changes with a revert changes feature.

Services are required when using two-factor authentication (2FA), account confirmation and password recovery, and other security features with Identity. Services or service stubs aren't generated when scaffolding Identity. Services to enable these features must be added manually.

Razor Pages and MVC Identity scaffolding

ASP.NET Core provides ASP.NET Core Identity as a Razor class library (RCL). Applications that include Identity can apply the scaffolder to selectively add the source code contained in the Identity RCL. You might want to generate source code so you can modify the code and change the behavior. For example, you could instruct the scaffolder to generate the code used in registration. Customized Identity code overrides the default implementation provided by the Identity RCL. To gain full control of the UI and not use the default RCL, see the Create full Identity UI source section.

Applications that do not include authentication can apply the scaffolder to add the RCL Identity package. You have the option of selecting Identity code to be generated.

Although the scaffolder generates most of the necessary code, you need to update your project to complete the process. This document explains the steps needed to complete an Identity scaffolding update.

We recommend using a source control system that shows file differences and allows you to back out of changes. Inspect the changes after running the Identity scaffolder.

Services are required when using Two Factor Authentication, Account confirmation and password recovery, and other security features with Identity. Services or service stubs aren't generated when scaffolding Identity. Services to enable these features must be added manually. For example, see Require Email Confirmation.

Typically, apps created with individual accounts should not create a new data context.

Scaffold Identity into a Blazor project

This section applies to Blazor Web Apps and Blazor Server apps.

Run the Identity scaffolder:

  • From Solution Explorer, right-click on the project > Add > New Scaffolded Item.
  • From the left pane of the Add New Scaffolded Item dialog, select Identity. Select Blazor Identity in the center pane. Select the Add button.
  • In the Add Blazor Identity dialog:
    • Select or add with the plus (+) button the database context class (DbContext class).
    • Select the database provider (Database provider), which defaults to SQL Server.
    • Select or add with the plus (+) button the user class (User class).
    • Select the Add button.

The generated Identity database code requires EF Core Migrations. The following steps explain how to create and apply a migration to the database.

Visual Studio Connected Services are used to add an EF Core migration and update the database.

In Solution Explorer, double-click Connected Services. In the SQL Server Express LocalDB area of Service Dependencies, select the ellipsis (...) followed by Add migration.

Give the migration a Migration name, such as CreateIdentitySchema, which is a name that describes the migration. Wait for the database context to load in the DbContext class names field, which may take a few seconds. Select Finish to create the migration.

Select the Close button after the operation finishes.

Select the ellipsis (...) again followed by the Update database command.

The Update database with the latest migration dialog opens. Wait for the DbContext class names field to update and for prior migrations to load, which may take a few seconds. Select the Finish button.

Select the Close button after the operation finishes.

The update database command executes the Up method migrations that haven't been applied in a migration code file created by the scaffolder. In this case, the command executes the Up method in the Migrations/{TIME STAMP}_{MIGRATION NAME}.cs file, which creates the Identity tables, constraints, and indexes. The {TIME STAMP} placeholder is a time stamp, and the {MIGRATION NAME} placeholder is the migration name.

Client-side Blazor apps (Standalone Blazor WebAssembly)

Client-side Blazor apps (Standalone Blazor WebAssembly) use their own Identity UI approaches and can't use ASP.NET Core Identity scaffolding.

For more information, see the Blazor Security and Identity articles.

Scaffold Identity into a Razor project without existing authorization

Install the Microsoft.VisualStudio.Web.CodeGeneration.Design NuGet package.

Note

For guidance on adding packages to .NET apps, see the articles under Install and manage packages at Package consumption workflow (NuGet documentation). Confirm correct package versions at NuGet.org.

Run the Identity scaffolder:

  • From Solution Explorer, right-click on the project > Add > New Scaffolded Item.
  • From the left pane of the Add New Scaffolded Item dialog, select Identity. Select Identity in the center pane. Select the Add button.
  • In the Add Identity dialog, select the options you want.
    • If you have an existing, customized layout page for Identity (_Layout.cshtml), select your existing layout page to avoid overwriting your layout with incorrect markup by the scaffolder. For example, select either:
      • Pages/Shared/_Layout.cshtml for Razor Pages or Blazor Server projects with existing Razor Pages infrastructure.
      • Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml for MVC projects or Blazor Server projects with existing MVC infrastructure.
    • For the data context (DbContext class):
      • Select your data context class. You must select at least one file to add your data context.
      • To create a data context and possibly create a new user class for Identity, select the + button. Accept the default value or specify a class (for example, Contoso.Data.ApplicationDbContext for a company named "Contoso"). To create a new user class, select the + button for User class and specify the class (for example, ContosoUser for a company named "Contoso").
    • Select the Add button to run the scaffolder.

Migrations, UseAuthentication, and layout

The generated Identity database code requires Entity Framework (EF) Core Migrations. If a migration to generate the Identity schema hasn't been created and applied to the database, create a migration and update the database.

Visual Studio Connected Services are used to add an EF Core migration and update the database.

In Solution Explorer, double-click Connected Services. In the SQL Server Express LocalDB area of Service Dependencies, select the ellipsis (...) followed by Add migration.

Give the migration a Migration name, such as CreateIdentitySchema, which is a name that describes the migration. Wait for the database context to load in the DbContext class names field, which may take a few seconds. Select Finish to create the migration.

Select the Close button after the operation finishes.

Select the ellipsis (...) again followed by the Update database command.

The Update database with the latest migration dialog opens. Wait for the DbContext class names field to update and for prior migrations to load, which may take a few seconds. Select the Finish button.

Select the Close button after the operation finishes.

The update database command executes the Up method migrations that haven't been applied in a migration code file created by the scaffolder. In this case, the command executes the Up method in the Migrations/{TIME STAMP}_{MIGRATION NAME}.cs file, which creates the Identity tables, constraints, and indexes. The {TIME STAMP} placeholder is a time stamp, and the {MIGRATION NAME} placeholder is the migration name.

If the Identity schema has already been created but not applied to the database, only the command to update the database must be executed:

In Solution Explorer, double-click Connected Services. In the SQL Server Express LocalDB area of Service Dependencies, select the ellipsis (...) followed by the Update database command.

The Update database with the latest migration dialog opens. Wait for the DbContext class names field to update and for prior migrations to load, which may take a few seconds. Select the Finish button.

Select the Close button after the operation finishes.

You can confirm the application of an Identity schema with the following command. The output of the command includes an "applied" column to show which migrations are applied to the database.

In the Visual Studio Package Manager Console, execute Get-Migration:

Get-Migration

If more than one database context exists, specify the context with the -Context parameter.

Layout changes

Optional: Add the login partial (_LoginPartial) to the layout file:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <title>@ViewData["Title"] - WebRPnoAuth2Auth</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="~/lib/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.css" />
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="~/css/site.css" asp-append-version="true" />
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="~/WebRPnoAuth2Auth.styles.css" asp-append-version="true" />
</head>
<body>
    <header>
        <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-sm navbar-toggleable-sm navbar-light bg-white border-bottom box-shadow mb-3">
            <div class="container">
                <a class="navbar-brand" asp-area="" asp-page="/Index">WebRPnoAuth2Auth</a>
                <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target=".navbar-collapse" aria-controls="navbarSupportedContent"
                        aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
                    <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
                </button>
                <div class="navbar-collapse collapse d-sm-inline-flex justify-content-between">
                    <ul class="navbar-nav flex-grow-1">
                        <li class="nav-item">
                            <a class="nav-link text-dark" asp-area="" asp-page="/Index">Home</a>
                        </li>
                        <li class="nav-item">
                            <a class="nav-link text-dark" asp-area="" asp-page="/Privacy">Privacy</a>
                        </li>
                    </ul>
                    <partial name="_LoginPartial" />
                </div>
            </div>
        </nav>
    </header>
    <div class="container">
        <main role="main" class="pb-3">
            @RenderBody()
        </main>
    </div>

    <footer class="border-top footer text-muted">
        <div class="container">
            &copy; 2021 - WebRPnoAuth2Auth - <a asp-area="" asp-page="/Privacy">Privacy</a>
        </div>
    </footer>

    <script src="~/lib/jquery/dist/jquery.js"></script>
    <script src="~/lib/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.js"></script>
    <script src="~/js/site.js" asp-append-version="true"></script>

    @await RenderSectionAsync("Scripts", required: false)
</body>
</html>

Scaffold Identity into a Razor project with authorization

Install the Microsoft.VisualStudio.Web.CodeGeneration.Design NuGet package.

Note

For guidance on adding packages to .NET apps, see the articles under Install and manage packages at Package consumption workflow (NuGet documentation). Confirm correct package versions at NuGet.org.

Run the Identity scaffolder:

  • From Solution Explorer, right-click on the project > Add > New Scaffolded Item.
  • From the left pane of the Add New Scaffolded Item dialog, select Identity. Select Identity in the center pane. Select the Add button.
  • In the Add Identity dialog, select the options you want.
    • If you have an existing, customized layout page for Identity (_Layout.cshtml), select your existing layout page to avoid overwriting your layout with incorrect markup by the scaffolder. For example, select either:
      • Pages/Shared/_Layout.cshtml for Razor Pages or Blazor Server projects with existing Razor Pages infrastructure.
      • Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml for MVC projects or Blazor Server projects with existing MVC infrastructure.
    • For the data context (DbContext class):
      • Select your data context class. You must select at least one file to add your data context.
      • To create a data context and possibly create a new user class for Identity, select the + button. Accept the default value or specify a class (for example, Contoso.Data.ApplicationDbContext for a company named "Contoso"). To create a new user class, select the + button for User class and specify the class (for example, ContosoUser for a company named "Contoso").
    • Select the Add button to run the scaffolder.

Scaffold Identity into an MVC project without existing authorization

Install the Microsoft.VisualStudio.Web.CodeGeneration.Design NuGet package.

Note

For guidance on adding packages to .NET apps, see the articles under Install and manage packages at Package consumption workflow (NuGet documentation). Confirm correct package versions at NuGet.org.

Run the Identity scaffolder:

  • From Solution Explorer, right-click on the project > Add > New Scaffolded Item.
  • From the left pane of the Add New Scaffolded Item dialog, select Identity. Select Identity in the center pane. Select the Add button.
  • In the Add Identity dialog, select the options you want.
    • If you have an existing, customized layout page for Identity (_Layout.cshtml), select your existing layout page to avoid overwriting your layout with incorrect markup by the scaffolder. For example, select either:
      • Pages/Shared/_Layout.cshtml for Razor Pages or Blazor Server projects with existing Razor Pages infrastructure.
      • Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml for MVC projects or Blazor Server projects with existing MVC infrastructure.
    • For the data context (DbContext class):
      • Select your data context class. You must select at least one file to add your data context.
      • To create a data context and possibly create a new user class for Identity, select the + button. Accept the default value or specify a class (for example, Contoso.Data.ApplicationDbContext for a company named "Contoso"). To create a new user class, select the + button for User class and specify the class (for example, ContosoUser for a company named "Contoso").
    • Select the Add button to run the scaffolder.

Optional: Add the login partial (_LoginPartial) to the Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml file:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <title>@ViewData["Title"] - WebRPnoAuth2Auth</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="~/lib/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.css" />
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="~/css/site.css" asp-append-version="true" />
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="~/WebRPnoAuth2Auth.styles.css" asp-append-version="true" />
</head>
<body>
    <header>
        <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-sm navbar-toggleable-sm navbar-light bg-white border-bottom box-shadow mb-3">
            <div class="container">
                <a class="navbar-brand" asp-area="" asp-page="/Index">WebRPnoAuth2Auth</a>
                <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target=".navbar-collapse" aria-controls="navbarSupportedContent"
                        aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
                    <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
                </button>
                <div class="navbar-collapse collapse d-sm-inline-flex justify-content-between">
                    <ul class="navbar-nav flex-grow-1">
                        <li class="nav-item">
                            <a class="nav-link text-dark" asp-area="" asp-page="/Index">Home</a>
                        </li>
                        <li class="nav-item">
                            <a class="nav-link text-dark" asp-area="" asp-page="/Privacy">Privacy</a>
                        </li>
                    </ul>
                    <partial name="_LoginPartial" />
                </div>
            </div>
        </nav>
    </header>
    <div class="container">
        <main role="main" class="pb-3">
            @RenderBody()
        </main>
    </div>

    <footer class="border-top footer text-muted">
        <div class="container">
            &copy; 2021 - WebRPnoAuth2Auth - <a asp-area="" asp-page="/Privacy">Privacy</a>
        </div>
    </footer>

    <script src="~/lib/jquery/dist/jquery.js"></script>
    <script src="~/lib/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.js"></script>
    <script src="~/js/site.js" asp-append-version="true"></script>

    @await RenderSectionAsync("Scripts", required: false)
</body>
</html>

The generated Identity database code requires Entity Framework (EF) Core Migrations. If a migration to generate the Identity schema hasn't been created and applied to the database, create a migration and update the database.

Visual Studio Connected Services are used to add an EF Core migration and update the database.

In Solution Explorer, double-click Connected Services. In the SQL Server Express LocalDB area of Service Dependencies, select the ellipsis (...) followed by Add migration.

Give the migration a Migration name, such as CreateIdentitySchema, which is a name that describes the migration. Wait for the database context to load in the DbContext class names field, which may take a few seconds. Select Finish to create the migration.

Select the Close button after the operation finishes.

Select the ellipsis (...) again followed by the Update database command.

The Update database with the latest migration dialog opens. Wait for the DbContext class names field to update and for prior migrations to load, which may take a few seconds. Select the Finish button.

Select the Close button after the operation finishes.

The update database command executes the Up method migrations that haven't been applied in a migration code file created by the scaffolder. In this case, the command executes the Up method in the Migrations/{TIME STAMP}_{MIGRATION NAME}.cs file, which creates the Identity tables, constraints, and indexes. The {TIME STAMP} placeholder is a time stamp, and the {MIGRATION NAME} placeholder is the migration name.

If the Identity schema has already been created but not applied to the database, only the command to update the database must be executed:

In Solution Explorer, double-click Connected Services. In the SQL Server Express LocalDB area of Service Dependencies, select the ellipsis (...) followed by the Update database command.

The Update database with the latest migration dialog opens. Wait for the DbContext class names field to update and for prior migrations to load, which may take a few seconds. Select the Finish button.

Select the Close button after the operation finishes.

You can confirm the application of an Identity schema with the following command. The output of the command includes an "applied" column to show which migrations are applied to the database.

In the Visual Studio Package Manager Console, execute Get-Migration:

Get-Migration

If more than one database context exists, specify the context with the -Context parameter.

Add MapRazorPages to Program.cs as shown in the following highlighted code:

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using WebMVCauth.Data;

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

var connectionString = builder.Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection");
builder.Services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(options =>
    options.UseSqlServer(connectionString));
builder.Services.AddDatabaseDeveloperPageExceptionFilter();

builder.Services.AddDefaultIdentity<IdentityUser>(options => options.SignIn.RequireConfirmedAccount = true)
    .AddEntityFrameworkStores<ApplicationDbContext>();
builder.Services.AddControllersWithViews();

var app = builder.Build();

if (app.Environment.IsDevelopment())
{
    app.UseMigrationsEndPoint();
}
else
{
    app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error");
    app.UseHsts();
}

app.UseHttpsRedirection();
app.UseStaticFiles();

app.UseRouting();

app.UseAuthentication();
app.UseAuthorization();

app.MapControllerRoute(
    name: "default",
    pattern: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
app.MapRazorPages();

app.Run();

Scaffold Identity into an MVC project with authorization

Install the Microsoft.VisualStudio.Web.CodeGeneration.Design NuGet package.

Note

For guidance on adding packages to .NET apps, see the articles under Install and manage packages at Package consumption workflow (NuGet documentation). Confirm correct package versions at NuGet.org.

Run the Identity scaffolder:

  • From Solution Explorer, right-click on the project > Add > New Scaffolded Item.
  • From the left pane of the Add New Scaffolded Item dialog, select Identity. Select Identity in the center pane. Select the Add button.
  • In the Add Identity dialog, select the options you want.
    • If you have an existing, customized layout page for Identity (_Layout.cshtml), select your existing layout page to avoid overwriting your layout with incorrect markup by the scaffolder. For example, select either:
      • Pages/Shared/_Layout.cshtml for Razor Pages or Blazor Server projects with existing Razor Pages infrastructure.
      • Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml for MVC projects or Blazor Server projects with existing MVC infrastructure.
    • For the data context (DbContext class):
      • Select your data context class. You must select at least one file to add your data context.
      • To create a data context and possibly create a new user class for Identity, select the + button. Accept the default value or specify a class (for example, Contoso.Data.ApplicationDbContext for a company named "Contoso"). To create a new user class, select the + button for User class and specify the class (for example, ContosoUser for a company named "Contoso").
    • Select the Add button to run the scaffolder.

Create full Identity UI source

To maintain full control of the Identity UI, run the Identity scaffolder and select Override all files.

Password configuration

If PasswordOptions are configured in Startup.ConfigureServices, [StringLength] attribute configuration might be required for the Password property in scaffolded Identity pages. InputModel Password properties are found in the following files:

  • Areas/Identity/Pages/Account/Register.cshtml.cs
  • Areas/Identity/Pages/Account/ResetPassword.cshtml.cs

Disable a page

This section shows how to disable the register page but the approach can be used to disable any page.

To disable user registration:

  • Scaffold Identity. Include Account.Register, Account.Login, and Account.RegisterConfirmation. For example:

    dotnet aspnet-codegenerator identity -dc RPauth.Data.ApplicationDbContext --files "Account.Register;Account.Login;Account.RegisterConfirmation"

  • Update Areas/Identity/Pages/Account/Register.cshtml.cs so users can't register from this endpoint:

    public class RegisterModel : PageModel
{
    public IActionResult OnGet()
    {
        return RedirectToPage("Login");
    }

    public IActionResult OnPost()
    {
        return RedirectToPage("Login");
    }
}

  • Update Areas/Identity/Pages/Account/Register.cshtml to be consistent with the preceding changes:

    @page
@model RegisterModel
@{
    ViewData["Title"] = "Go to Login";
}

<h1>@ViewData["Title"]</h1>

<li class="nav-item">
    <a class="nav-link text-dark" asp-area="Identity" asp-page="/Account/Login">Login</a>
</li>

  • Comment out or remove the registration link from Areas/Identity/Pages/Account/Login.cshtml

    @*
<p>
    <a asp-page="./Register" asp-route-returnUrl="@Model.ReturnUrl">Register as a new user</a>
</p>
*@

  • Update the Areas/Identity/Pages/Account/RegisterConfirmation page.

    • Remove the code and links from the cshtml file.
    • Remove the confirmation code from the PageModel:
    [AllowAnonymous]
  public class RegisterConfirmationModel : PageModel
  {
      public IActionResult OnGet()
      {  
          return Page();
      }
  }

Use another app to add users

Provide a mechanism to add users outside the web app. Options to add users include:

  • A dedicated admin web app.
  • A console app.

The following code outlines one approach to adding users:

  • A list of users is read into memory.
  • A strong unique password is generated for each user.
  • The user is added to the Identity database.
  • The user is notified and told to change the password.
public class Program
{
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        var host = CreateHostBuilder(args).Build();

        using (var scope = host.Services.CreateScope())
        {
            var services = scope.ServiceProvider;

            try
            {
                var context = services.GetRequiredService<AppDbCntx>();
                context.Database.Migrate();

                var config = host.Services.GetRequiredService<IConfiguration>();
                var userList = config.GetSection("userList").Get<List<string>>();

                SeedData.Initialize(services, userList).Wait();
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                var logger = services.GetRequiredService<ILogger<Program>>();
                logger.LogError(ex, "An error occurred adding users.");
            }
        }

        host.Run();
    }

    public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args) =>
        Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
            .ConfigureWebHostDefaults(webBuilder =>
            {
                webBuilder.UseStartup<Startup>();
            });
}

The following code outlines adding a user:


public static async Task Initialize(IServiceProvider serviceProvider,
                                    List<string> userList)
{
    var userManager = serviceProvider.GetService<UserManager<IdentityUser>>();

    foreach (var userName in userList)
    {
        var userPassword = GenerateSecurePassword();
        var userId = await EnsureUser(userManager, userName, userPassword);

        NotifyUser(userName, userPassword);
    }
}

private static async Task<string> EnsureUser(UserManager<IdentityUser> userManager,
                                             string userName, string userPassword)
{
    var user = await userManager.FindByNameAsync(userName);

    if (user == null)
    {
        user = new IdentityUser(userName)
        {
            EmailConfirmed = true
        };
        await userManager.CreateAsync(user, userPassword);
    }

    return user.Id;
}

A similar approach can be followed for production scenarios.

Prevent publish of static Identity assets

To prevent publishing static Identity assets to the web root, see Introduction to Identity on ASP.NET Core.

ASP.NET Core provides ASP.NET Core Identity as a Razor class library (RCL). Applications that include Identity can apply the scaffolder to selectively add the source code contained in the Identity RCL. You might want to generate source code so you can modify the code and change the behavior. For example, you could instruct the scaffolder to generate the code used in registration. Generated code takes precedence over the same code in the Identity RCL. To gain full control of the UI and not use the default RCL, see the section Create full Identity UI source.

Applications that do not include authentication can apply the scaffolder to add the RCL Identity package. You have the option of selecting Identity code to be generated.

Although the scaffolder generates most of the necessary code, you need to update your project to complete the process. This document explains the steps needed to complete an Identity scaffolding update.

We recommend using a source control system that shows file differences and allows you to back out of changes. Inspect the changes after running the Identity scaffolder.

Services are required when using Two Factor Authentication, Account confirmation and password recovery, and other security features with Identity. Services or service stubs aren't generated when scaffolding Identity. Services to enable these features must be added manually. For example, see Require Email Confirmation.

Typically, apps created with individual accounts should not create a new data context.

Scaffold Identity into a Razor project without existing authorization

Install the Microsoft.VisualStudio.Web.CodeGeneration.Design NuGet package.

Note

For guidance on adding packages to .NET apps, see the articles under Install and manage packages at Package consumption workflow (NuGet documentation). Confirm correct package versions at NuGet.org.

Run the Identity scaffolder:

  • From Solution Explorer, right-click on the project > Add > New Scaffolded Item.
  • From the left pane of the Add New Scaffolded Item dialog, select Identity. Select Identity in the center pane. Select the Add button.
  • In the Add Identity dialog, select the options you want.
    • If you have an existing, customized layout page for Identity (_Layout.cshtml), select your existing layout page to avoid overwriting your layout with incorrect markup by the scaffolder. For example, select either:
      • Pages/Shared/_Layout.cshtml for Razor Pages or Blazor Server projects with existing Razor Pages infrastructure.
      • Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml for MVC projects or Blazor Server projects with existing MVC infrastructure.
    • For the data context (DbContext class):
      • Select your data context class. You must select at least one file to add your data context.
      • To create a data context and possibly create a new user class for Identity, select the + button. Accept the default value or specify a class (for example, Contoso.Data.ApplicationDbContext for a company named "Contoso"). To create a new user class, select the + button for User class and specify the class (for example, ContosoUser for a company named "Contoso").
    • Select the Add button to run the scaffolder.

Migrations, UseAuthentication, and layout

The generated Identity database code requires Entity Framework (EF) Core Migrations. If a migration to generate the Identity schema hasn't been created and applied to the database, create a migration and update the database.

Visual Studio Connected Services are used to add an EF Core migration and update the database.

In Solution Explorer, double-click Connected Services. In the SQL Server Express LocalDB area of Service Dependencies, select the ellipsis (...) followed by Add migration.

Give the migration a Migration name, such as CreateIdentitySchema, which is a name that describes the migration. Wait for the database context to load in the DbContext class names field, which may take a few seconds. Select Finish to create the migration.

Select the Close button after the operation finishes.

Select the ellipsis (...) again followed by the Update database command.

The Update database with the latest migration dialog opens. Wait for the DbContext class names field to update and for prior migrations to load, which may take a few seconds. Select the Finish button.

Select the Close button after the operation finishes.

The update database command executes the Up method migrations that haven't been applied in a migration code file created by the scaffolder. In this case, the command executes the Up method in the Migrations/{TIME STAMP}_{MIGRATION NAME}.cs file, which creates the Identity tables, constraints, and indexes. The {TIME STAMP} placeholder is a time stamp, and the {MIGRATION NAME} placeholder is the migration name.

If the Identity schema has already been created but not applied to the database, only the command to update the database must be executed:

In Solution Explorer, double-click Connected Services. In the SQL Server Express LocalDB area of Service Dependencies, select the ellipsis (...) followed by the Update database command.

The Update database with the latest migration dialog opens. Wait for the DbContext class names field to update and for prior migrations to load, which may take a few seconds. Select the Finish button.

Select the Close button after the operation finishes.

You can confirm the application of an Identity schema with the following command. The output of the command includes an "applied" column to show which migrations are applied to the database.

In the Visual Studio Package Manager Console, execute Get-Migration:

Get-Migration

If more than one database context exists, specify the context with the -Context parameter.

Layout changes

Optional: Add the login partial (_LoginPartial) to the layout file:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <title>@ViewData["Title"] - WebRPnoAuth2Auth</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="~/lib/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.css" />
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="~/css/site.css" asp-append-version="true" />
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="~/WebRPnoAuth2Auth.styles.css" asp-append-version="true" />
</head>
<body>
    <header>
        <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-sm navbar-toggleable-sm navbar-light bg-white border-bottom box-shadow mb-3">
            <div class="container">
                <a class="navbar-brand" asp-area="" asp-page="/Index">WebRPnoAuth2Auth</a>
                <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target=".navbar-collapse" aria-controls="navbarSupportedContent"
                        aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
                    <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
                </button>
                <div class="navbar-collapse collapse d-sm-inline-flex justify-content-between">
                    <ul class="navbar-nav flex-grow-1">
                        <li class="nav-item">
                            <a class="nav-link text-dark" asp-area="" asp-page="/Index">Home</a>
                        </li>
                        <li class="nav-item">
                            <a class="nav-link text-dark" asp-area="" asp-page="/Privacy">Privacy</a>
                        </li>
                    </ul>
                    <partial name="_LoginPartial" />
                </div>
            </div>
        </nav>
    </header>
    <div class="container">
        <main role="main" class="pb-3">
            @RenderBody()
        </main>
    </div>

    <footer class="border-top footer text-muted">
        <div class="container">
            &copy; 2021 - WebRPnoAuth2Auth - <a asp-area="" asp-page="/Privacy">Privacy</a>
        </div>
    </footer>

    <script src="~/lib/jquery/dist/jquery.js"></script>
    <script src="~/lib/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.js"></script>
    <script src="~/js/site.js" asp-append-version="true"></script>

    @await RenderSectionAsync("Scripts", required: false)
</body>
</html>

Scaffold Identity into a Razor project with authorization

Install the Microsoft.VisualStudio.Web.CodeGeneration.Design NuGet package.

Note

For guidance on adding packages to .NET apps, see the articles under Install and manage packages at Package consumption workflow (NuGet documentation). Confirm correct package versions at NuGet.org.

Run the Identity scaffolder:

  • From Solution Explorer, right-click on the project > Add > New Scaffolded Item.
  • From the left pane of the Add New Scaffolded Item dialog, select Identity. Select Identity in the center pane. Select the Add button.
  • In the Add Identity dialog, select the options you want.
    • If you have an existing, customized layout page for Identity (_Layout.cshtml), select your existing layout page to avoid overwriting your layout with incorrect markup by the scaffolder. For example, select either:
      • Pages/Shared/_Layout.cshtml for Razor Pages or Blazor Server projects with existing Razor Pages infrastructure.
      • Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml for MVC projects or Blazor Server projects with existing MVC infrastructure.
    • For the data context (DbContext class):
      • Select your data context class. You must select at least one file to add your data context.
      • To create a data context and possibly create a new user class for Identity, select the + button. Accept the default value or specify a class (for example, Contoso.Data.ApplicationDbContext for a company named "Contoso"). To create a new user class, select the + button for User class and specify the class (for example, ContosoUser for a company named "Contoso").
    • Select the Add button to run the scaffolder.

Scaffold Identity into an MVC project without existing authorization

Install the Microsoft.VisualStudio.Web.CodeGeneration.Design NuGet package.

Note

For guidance on adding packages to .NET apps, see the articles under Install and manage packages at Package consumption workflow (NuGet documentation). Confirm correct package versions at NuGet.org.

Run the Identity scaffolder:

  • From Solution Explorer, right-click on the project > Add > New Scaffolded Item.
  • From the left pane of the Add New Scaffolded Item dialog, select Identity. Select Identity in the center pane. Select the Add button.
  • In the Add Identity dialog, select the options you want.
    • If you have an existing, customized layout page for Identity (_Layout.cshtml), select your existing layout page to avoid overwriting your layout with incorrect markup by the scaffolder. For example, select either:
      • Pages/Shared/_Layout.cshtml for Razor Pages or Blazor Server projects with existing Razor Pages infrastructure.
      • Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml for MVC projects or Blazor Server projects with existing MVC infrastructure.
    • For the data context (DbContext class):
      • Select your data context class. You must select at least one file to add your data context.
      • To create a data context and possibly create a new user class for Identity, select the + button. Accept the default value or specify a class (for example, Contoso.Data.ApplicationDbContext for a company named "Contoso"). To create a new user class, select the + button for User class and specify the class (for example, ContosoUser for a company named "Contoso").
    • Select the Add button to run the scaffolder.

Optional: Add the login partial (_LoginPartial) to the Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml file:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <title>@ViewData["Title"] - WebRPnoAuth2Auth</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="~/lib/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.css" />
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="~/css/site.css" asp-append-version="true" />
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="~/WebRPnoAuth2Auth.styles.css" asp-append-version="true" />
</head>
<body>
    <header>
        <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-sm navbar-toggleable-sm navbar-light bg-white border-bottom box-shadow mb-3">
            <div class="container">
                <a class="navbar-brand" asp-area="" asp-page="/Index">WebRPnoAuth2Auth</a>
                <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target=".navbar-collapse" aria-controls="navbarSupportedContent"
                        aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
                    <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
                </button>
                <div class="navbar-collapse collapse d-sm-inline-flex justify-content-between">
                    <ul class="navbar-nav flex-grow-1">
                        <li class="nav-item">
                            <a class="nav-link text-dark" asp-area="" asp-page="/Index">Home</a>
                        </li>
                        <li class="nav-item">
                            <a class="nav-link text-dark" asp-area="" asp-page="/Privacy">Privacy</a>
                        </li>
                    </ul>
                    <partial name="_LoginPartial" />
                </div>
            </div>
        </nav>
    </header>
    <div class="container">
        <main role="main" class="pb-3">
            @RenderBody()
        </main>
    </div>

    <footer class="border-top footer text-muted">
        <div class="container">
            &copy; 2021 - WebRPnoAuth2Auth - <a asp-area="" asp-page="/Privacy">Privacy</a>
        </div>
    </footer>

    <script src="~/lib/jquery/dist/jquery.js"></script>
    <script src="~/lib/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.js"></script>
    <script src="~/js/site.js" asp-append-version="true"></script>

    @await RenderSectionAsync("Scripts", required: false)
</body>
</html>

The generated Identity database code requires Entity Framework (EF) Core Migrations. If a migration to generate the Identity schema hasn't been created and applied to the database, create a migration and update the database.

Visual Studio Connected Services are used to add an EF Core migration and update the database.

In Solution Explorer, double-click Connected Services. In the SQL Server Express LocalDB area of Service Dependencies, select the ellipsis (...) followed by Add migration.

Give the migration a Migration name, such as CreateIdentitySchema, which is a name that describes the migration. Wait for the database context to load in the DbContext class names field, which may take a few seconds. Select Finish to create the migration.

Select the Close button after the operation finishes.

Select the ellipsis (...) again followed by the Update database command.

The Update database with the latest migration dialog opens. Wait for the DbContext class names field to update and for prior migrations to load, which may take a few seconds. Select the Finish button.

Select the Close button after the operation finishes.

The update database command executes the Up method migrations that haven't been applied in a migration code file created by the scaffolder. In this case, the command executes the Up method in the Migrations/{TIME STAMP}_{MIGRATION NAME}.cs file, which creates the Identity tables, constraints, and indexes. The {TIME STAMP} placeholder is a time stamp, and the {MIGRATION NAME} placeholder is the migration name.

If the Identity schema has already been created but not applied to the database, only the command to update the database must be executed:

In Solution Explorer, double-click Connected Services. In the SQL Server Express LocalDB area of Service Dependencies, select the ellipsis (...) followed by the Update database command.

The Update database with the latest migration dialog opens. Wait for the DbContext class names field to update and for prior migrations to load, which may take a few seconds. Select the Finish button.

Select the Close button after the operation finishes.

You can confirm the application of an Identity schema with the following command. The output of the command includes an "applied" column to show which migrations are applied to the database.

In the Visual Studio Package Manager Console, execute Get-Migration:

Get-Migration

If more than one database context exists, specify the context with the -Context parameter.

Add MapRazorPages to Program.cs as shown in the following highlighted code:

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using WebMVCauth.Data;

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

var connectionString = builder.Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection");
builder.Services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(options =>
    options.UseSqlServer(connectionString));
builder.Services.AddDatabaseDeveloperPageExceptionFilter();

builder.Services.AddDefaultIdentity<IdentityUser>(options => options.SignIn.RequireConfirmedAccount = true)
    .AddEntityFrameworkStores<ApplicationDbContext>();
builder.Services.AddControllersWithViews();

var app = builder.Build();

if (app.Environment.IsDevelopment())
{
    app.UseMigrationsEndPoint();
}
else
{
    app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error");
    app.UseHsts();
}

app.UseHttpsRedirection();
app.UseStaticFiles();

app.UseRouting();

app.UseAuthentication();
app.UseAuthorization();

app.MapControllerRoute(
    name: "default",
    pattern: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
app.MapRazorPages();

app.Run();

Scaffold Identity into an MVC project with authorization

Install the Microsoft.VisualStudio.Web.CodeGeneration.Design NuGet package.

Note

For guidance on adding packages to .NET apps, see the articles under Install and manage packages at Package consumption workflow (NuGet documentation). Confirm correct package versions at NuGet.org.

Run the Identity scaffolder:

  • From Solution Explorer, right-click on the project > Add > New Scaffolded Item.
  • From the left pane of the Add New Scaffolded Item dialog, select Identity. Select Identity in the center pane. Select the Add button.
  • In the Add Identity dialog, select the options you want.
    • If you have an existing, customized layout page for Identity (_Layout.cshtml), select your existing layout page to avoid overwriting your layout with incorrect markup by the scaffolder. For example, select either:
      • Pages/Shared/_Layout.cshtml for Razor Pages or Blazor Server projects with existing Razor Pages infrastructure.
      • Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml for MVC projects or Blazor Server projects with existing MVC infrastructure.
    • For the data context (DbContext class):
      • Select your data context class. You must select at least one file to add your data context.
      • To create a data context and possibly create a new user class for Identity, select the + button. Accept the default value or specify a class (for example, Contoso.Data.ApplicationDbContext for a company named "Contoso"). To create a new user class, select the + button for User class and specify the class (for example, ContosoUser for a company named "Contoso").
    • Select the Add button to run the scaffolder.

Scaffold Identity into a server-side Blazor app with authorization

Install the Microsoft.VisualStudio.Web.CodeGeneration.Design NuGet package.

Note

For guidance on adding packages to .NET apps, see the articles under Install and manage packages at Package consumption workflow (NuGet documentation). Confirm correct package versions at NuGet.org.

Run the Identity scaffolder:

  • From Solution Explorer, right-click on the project > Add > New Scaffolded Item.
  • From the left pane of the Add New Scaffolded Item dialog, select Identity. Select Identity in the center pane. Select the Add button.
  • In the Add Identity dialog, select the options you want.
    • If you have an existing, customized layout page for Identity (_Layout.cshtml), select your existing layout page to avoid overwriting your layout with incorrect markup by the scaffolder. For example, select either:
      • Pages/Shared/_Layout.cshtml for Razor Pages or Blazor Server projects with existing Razor Pages infrastructure.
      • Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml for MVC projects or Blazor Server projects with existing MVC infrastructure.
    • For the data context (DbContext class):
      • Select your data context class. You must select at least one file to add your data context.
      • To create a data context and possibly create a new user class for Identity, select the + button. Accept the default value or specify a class (for example, Contoso.Data.ApplicationDbContext for a company named "Contoso"). To create a new user class, select the + button for User class and specify the class (for example, ContosoUser for a company named "Contoso").
    • Select the Add button to run the scaffolder.

Migrations

The generated Identity database code requires Entity Framework (EF) Core Migrations. If a migration to generate the Identity schema hasn't been created and applied to the database, create a migration and update the database.

Visual Studio Connected Services are used to add an EF Core migration and update the database.

In Solution Explorer, double-click Connected Services. In the SQL Server Express LocalDB area of Service Dependencies, select the ellipsis (...) followed by Add migration.

Give the migration a Migration name, such as CreateIdentitySchema, which is a name that describes the migration. Wait for the database context to load in the DbContext class names field, which may take a few seconds. Select Finish to create the migration.

Select the Close button after the operation finishes.

Select the ellipsis (...) again followed by the Update database command.

The Update database with the latest migration dialog opens. Wait for the DbContext class names field to update and for prior migrations to load, which may take a few seconds. Select the Finish button.

Select the Close button after the operation finishes.

The update database command executes the Up method migrations that haven't been applied in a migration code file created by the scaffolder. In this case, the command executes the Up method in the Migrations/{TIME STAMP}_{MIGRATION NAME}.cs file, which creates the Identity tables, constraints, and indexes. The {TIME STAMP} placeholder is a time stamp, and the {MIGRATION NAME} placeholder is the migration name.

If the Identity schema has already been created but not applied to the database, only the command to update the database must be executed:

In Solution Explorer, double-click Connected Services. In the SQL Server Express LocalDB area of Service Dependencies, select the ellipsis (...) followed by the Update database command.

The Update database with the latest migration dialog opens. Wait for the DbContext class names field to update and for prior migrations to load, which may take a few seconds. Select the Finish button.

Select the Close button after the operation finishes.

You can confirm the application of an Identity schema with the following command. The output of the command includes an "applied" column to show which migrations are applied to the database.

In the Visual Studio Package Manager Console, execute Get-Migration:

Get-Migration

If more than one database context exists, specify the context with the -Context parameter.

Style authentication endpoints

Because server-side Blazor apps use Razor Pages Identity pages, the styling of the UI changes when a visitor navigates between Identity pages and components. You have two options to address the incongruous styles:

Custom Identity components

ASP.NET Core Identity is designed to work in the context of HTTP request and response communication, which isn't the primary client-server communication model in Blazor apps. ASP.NET Core apps that use ASP.NET Core Identity for user management should use Razor Pages instead of Razor components for Identity-related UI, such as user registration, login, logout, and other user management tasks.

Because SignInManager<TUser> and UserManager<TUser> aren't supported in Razor components, we recommend using web API to manage Identity actions from Razor components via a server-side Identity-enabled ASP.NET Core app. For guidance on creating web APIs for Blazor apps, see Call a web API from an ASP.NET Core Blazor app.

An approach to using Razor components for Identity instead of Razor pages is to build your own custom Identity Razor components, but Microsoft doesn't recommend or support the approach. For additional context, explore the following discussions. In the following discussions, code examples in issue comments and code examples cross-linked in non-Microsoft GitHub repositories aren't supported by Microsoft but might be helpful to some developers:

For additional assistance when seeking to build custom Identity Razor components or searching for third-party Razor components, we recommend the following resources:

Use a custom layout with Blazor app styles

The Identity pages layout and styles can be modified to produce pages that use styles similar to the default Blazor theme. This approach isn't covered by the documentation.

Client-side Blazor apps

Client-side Blazor apps use their own Identity UI approaches and can't use ASP.NET Core Identity scaffolding. Server-side ASP.NET Core apps of hosted Blazor solutions can follow the Razor Pages/MVC guidance in this article and are configured just like any other type of ASP.NET Core app that supports Identity.

The Blazor framework doesn't include Razor component versions of Identity UI pages. Identity UI Razor components can be custom built or obtained from unsupported third-party sources.

For more information, see the Blazor Security and Identity articles.

Create full Identity UI source

To maintain full control of the Identity UI, run the Identity scaffolder and select Override all files.

Password configuration

If PasswordOptions are configured in Startup.ConfigureServices, [StringLength] attribute configuration might be required for the Password property in scaffolded Identity pages. InputModel Password properties are found in the following files:

  • Areas/Identity/Pages/Account/Register.cshtml.cs
  • Areas/Identity/Pages/Account/ResetPassword.cshtml.cs

Disable a page

This section shows how to disable the register page but the approach can be used to disable any page.

To disable user registration:

  • Scaffold Identity. Include Account.Register, Account.Login, and Account.RegisterConfirmation. For example:

    dotnet aspnet-codegenerator identity -dc RPauth.Data.ApplicationDbContext --files "Account.Register;Account.Login;Account.RegisterConfirmation"

  • Update Areas/Identity/Pages/Account/Register.cshtml.cs so users can't register from this endpoint:

    public class RegisterModel : PageModel
{
    public IActionResult OnGet()
    {
        return RedirectToPage("Login");
    }

    public IActionResult OnPost()
    {
        return RedirectToPage("Login");
    }
}

  • Update Areas/Identity/Pages/Account/Register.cshtml to be consistent with the preceding changes:

    @page
@model RegisterModel
@{
    ViewData["Title"] = "Go to Login";
}

<h1>@ViewData["Title"]</h1>

<li class="nav-item">
    <a class="nav-link text-dark" asp-area="Identity" asp-page="/Account/Login">Login</a>
</li>

  • Comment out or remove the registration link from Areas/Identity/Pages/Account/Login.cshtml

    @*
<p>
    <a asp-page="./Register" asp-route-returnUrl="@Model.ReturnUrl">Register as a new user</a>
</p>
*@

  • Update the Areas/Identity/Pages/Account/RegisterConfirmation page.

    • Remove the code and links from the cshtml file.
    • Remove the confirmation code from the PageModel:
    [AllowAnonymous]
  public class RegisterConfirmationModel : PageModel
  {
      public IActionResult OnGet()
      {  
          return Page();
      }
  }

Use another app to add users

Provide a mechanism to add users outside the web app. Options to add users include:

  • A dedicated admin web app.
  • A console app.

The following code outlines one approach to adding users:

  • A list of users is read into memory.
  • A strong unique password is generated for each user.
  • The user is added to the Identity database.
  • The user is notified and told to change the password.
public class Program
{
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        var host = CreateHostBuilder(args).Build();

        using (var scope = host.Services.CreateScope())
        {
            var services = scope.ServiceProvider;

            try
            {
                var context = services.GetRequiredService<AppDbCntx>();
                context.Database.Migrate();

                var config = host.Services.GetRequiredService<IConfiguration>();
                var userList = config.GetSection("userList").Get<List<string>>();

                SeedData.Initialize(services, userList).Wait();
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                var logger = services.GetRequiredService<ILogger<Program>>();
                logger.LogError(ex, "An error occurred adding users.");
            }
        }

        host.Run();
    }

    public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args) =>
        Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
            .ConfigureWebHostDefaults(webBuilder =>
            {
                webBuilder.UseStartup<Startup>();
            });
}

The following code outlines adding a user:


public static async Task Initialize(IServiceProvider serviceProvider,
                                    List<string> userList)
{
    var userManager = serviceProvider.GetService<UserManager<IdentityUser>>();

    foreach (var userName in userList)
    {
        var userPassword = GenerateSecurePassword();
        var userId = await EnsureUser(userManager, userName, userPassword);

        NotifyUser(userName, userPassword);
    }
}

private static async Task<string> EnsureUser(UserManager<IdentityUser> userManager,
                                             string userName, string userPassword)
{
    var user = await userManager.FindByNameAsync(userName);

    if (user == null)
    {
        user = new IdentityUser(userName)
        {
            EmailConfirmed = true
        };
        await userManager.CreateAsync(user, userPassword);
    }

    return user.Id;
}

A similar approach can be followed for production scenarios.

Prevent publish of static Identity assets

To prevent publishing static Identity assets to the web root, see Introduction to Identity on ASP.NET Core.

ASP.NET Core provides ASP.NET Core Identity as a Razor class library (RCL). Applications that include Identity can apply the scaffolder to selectively add the source code contained in the Identity RCL. You might want to generate source code so you can modify the code and change the behavior. For example, you could instruct the scaffolder to generate the code used in registration. Generated code takes precedence over the same code in the Identity RCL. To gain full control of the UI and not use the default RCL, see the section Create full Identity UI source.

Applications that do not include authentication can apply the scaffolder to add the RCL Identity package. You have the option of selecting Identity code to be generated.

Although the scaffolder generates most of the necessary code, you need to update your project to complete the process. This document explains the steps needed to complete an Identity scaffolding update.

We recommend using a source control system that shows file differences and allows you to back out of changes. Inspect the changes after running the Identity scaffolder.

Services are required when using Two Factor Authentication, Account confirmation and password recovery, and other security features with Identity. Services or service stubs aren't generated when scaffolding Identity. Services to enable these features must be added manually. For example, see Require Email Confirmation.

When scaffolding Identity with a new data context into a project with existing individual accounts, open Startup.ConfigureServices and remove the calls to:

  • AddDbContext
  • AddDefaultIdentity

For example, AddDbContext and AddDefaultIdentity are commented out in the following code:

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    //services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(options =>
    //    options.UseSqlServer(
    //        Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection")));
    //services.AddDefaultIdentity<IdentityUser>(options => options.SignIn.RequireConfirmedAccount = true)
    //    .AddEntityFrameworkStores<ApplicationDbContext>();
    services.AddControllersWithViews();
    services.AddRazorPages();
}

The preceding code comments out the code that is duplicated in Areas/Identity/IdentityHostingStartup.cs

Typically, apps created with individual accounts should not create a new data context.

Scaffold Identity into an empty project

Run the Identity scaffolder:

  • From Solution Explorer, right-click on the project > Add > New Scaffolded Item.
  • From the left pane of the Add New Scaffolded Item dialog, select Identity. Select Identity in the center pane. Select the Add button.
  • In the Add Identity dialog, select the options you want.
    • If you have an existing, customized layout page for Identity (_Layout.cshtml), select your existing layout page to avoid overwriting your layout with incorrect markup by the scaffolder. For example, select either:
      • Pages/Shared/_Layout.cshtml for Razor Pages or Blazor Server projects with existing Razor Pages infrastructure.
      • Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml for MVC projects or Blazor Server projects with existing MVC infrastructure.
    • For the data context (DbContext class):
      • Select your data context class. You must select at least one file to add your data context.
      • To create a data context and possibly create a new user class for Identity, select the + button. Accept the default value or specify a class (for example, Contoso.Data.ApplicationDbContext for a company named "Contoso"). To create a new user class, select the + button for User class and specify the class (for example, ContosoUser for a company named "Contoso").
    • Select the Add button to run the scaffolder.

Update the Startup class with code similar to the following:

public class Startup
{
    public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
    {
        Configuration = configuration;
    }

    public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }

    public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
    {
        services.AddControllersWithViews();
        services.AddRazorPages();
    }

    public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
    {
        if (env.IsDevelopment())
        {
            app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
            app.UseDatabaseErrorPage();
        }
        else
        {
            app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error");
            app.UseHsts();
        }
        app.UseHttpsRedirection();
        app.UseStaticFiles();

        app.UseRouting();

        app.UseAuthentication();
        app.UseAuthorization();

        app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
        {
            endpoints.MapControllerRoute(
                name: "default",
                pattern: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
            endpoints.MapRazorPages();
        });
    }
}

UseHsts is recommended but not required. For more information, see HTTP Strict Transport Security Protocol.

The generated Identity database code requires Entity Framework (EF) Core Migrations. If a migration to generate the Identity schema hasn't been created and applied to the database, create a migration and update the database.

Visual Studio Connected Services are used to add an EF Core migration and update the database.

In Solution Explorer, double-click Connected Services. In the SQL Server Express LocalDB area of Service Dependencies, select the ellipsis (...) followed by Add migration.

Give the migration a Migration name, such as CreateIdentitySchema, which is a name that describes the migration. Wait for the database context to load in the DbContext class names field, which may take a few seconds. Select Finish to create the migration.

Select the Close button after the operation finishes.

Select the ellipsis (...) again followed by the Update database command.

The Update database with the latest migration dialog opens. Wait for the DbContext class names field to update and for prior migrations to load, which may take a few seconds. Select the Finish button.

Select the Close button after the operation finishes.

The update database command executes the Up method migrations that haven't been applied in a migration code file created by the scaffolder. In this case, the command executes the Up method in the Migrations/{TIME STAMP}_{MIGRATION NAME}.cs file, which creates the Identity tables, constraints, and indexes. The {TIME STAMP} placeholder is a time stamp, and the {MIGRATION NAME} placeholder is the migration name.

If the Identity schema has already been created but not applied to the database, only the command to update the database must be executed:

In Solution Explorer, double-click Connected Services. In the SQL Server Express LocalDB area of Service Dependencies, select the ellipsis (...) followed by the Update database command.

The Update database with the latest migration dialog opens. Wait for the DbContext class names field to update and for prior migrations to load, which may take a few seconds. Select the Finish button.

Select the Close button after the operation finishes.

You can confirm the application of an Identity schema with the following command. The output of the command includes an "applied" column to show which migrations are applied to the database.

In the Visual Studio Package Manager Console, execute Get-Migration:

Get-Migration

If more than one database context exists, specify the context with the -Context parameter.

Scaffold Identity into a Razor project without existing authorization

Run the Identity scaffolder:

  • From Solution Explorer, right-click on the project > Add > New Scaffolded Item.
  • From the left pane of the Add New Scaffolded Item dialog, select Identity. Select Identity in the center pane. Select the Add button.
  • In the Add Identity dialog, select the options you want.
    • If you have an existing, customized layout page for Identity (_Layout.cshtml), select your existing layout page to avoid overwriting your layout with incorrect markup by the scaffolder. For example, select either:
      • Pages/Shared/_Layout.cshtml for Razor Pages or Blazor Server projects with existing Razor Pages infrastructure.
      • Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml for MVC projects or Blazor Server projects with existing MVC infrastructure.
    • For the data context (DbContext class):
      • Select your data context class. You must select at least one file to add your data context.
      • To create a data context and possibly create a new user class for Identity, select the + button. Accept the default value or specify a class (for example, Contoso.Data.ApplicationDbContext for a company named "Contoso"). To create a new user class, select the + button for User class and specify the class (for example, ContosoUser for a company named "Contoso").
    • Select the Add button to run the scaffolder.

Identity is configured in Areas/Identity/IdentityHostingStartup.cs. For more information, see IHostingStartup.

Migrations, UseAuthentication, and layout

The generated Identity database code requires Entity Framework (EF) Core Migrations. If a migration to generate the Identity schema hasn't been created and applied to the database, create a migration and update the database.

Visual Studio Connected Services are used to add an EF Core migration and update the database.

In Solution Explorer, double-click Connected Services. In the SQL Server Express LocalDB area of Service Dependencies, select the ellipsis (...) followed by Add migration.

Give the migration a Migration name, such as CreateIdentitySchema, which is a name that describes the migration. Wait for the database context to load in the DbContext class names field, which may take a few seconds. Select Finish to create the migration.

Select the Close button after the operation finishes.

Select the ellipsis (...) again followed by the Update database command.

The Update database with the latest migration dialog opens. Wait for the DbContext class names field to update and for prior migrations to load, which may take a few seconds. Select the Finish button.

Select the Close button after the operation finishes.

The update database command executes the Up method migrations that haven't been applied in a migration code file created by the scaffolder. In this case, the command executes the Up method in the Migrations/{TIME STAMP}_{MIGRATION NAME}.cs file, which creates the Identity tables, constraints, and indexes. The {TIME STAMP} placeholder is a time stamp, and the {MIGRATION NAME} placeholder is the migration name.

If the Identity schema has already been created but not applied to the database, only the command to update the database must be executed:

In Solution Explorer, double-click Connected Services. In the SQL Server Express LocalDB area of Service Dependencies, select the ellipsis (...) followed by the Update database command.

The Update database with the latest migration dialog opens. Wait for the DbContext class names field to update and for prior migrations to load, which may take a few seconds. Select the Finish button.

Select the Close button after the operation finishes.

You can confirm the application of an Identity schema with the following command. The output of the command includes an "applied" column to show which migrations are applied to the database.

In the Visual Studio Package Manager Console, execute Get-Migration:

Get-Migration

If more than one database context exists, specify the context with the -Context parameter.

Enable authentication

Update the Startup class with code similar to the following:

public class Startup
{
    public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
    {
        Configuration = configuration;
    }

    public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }

    public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
    {
        services.AddRazorPages();
    }

    public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
    {
        if (env.IsDevelopment())
        {
            app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
            app.UseDatabaseErrorPage();
        }
        else
        {
            app.UseExceptionHandler("/Error");
            app.UseHsts();
        }

        app.UseHttpsRedirection();
        app.UseStaticFiles();

        app.UseRouting();

        app.UseAuthentication();
        app.UseAuthorization();

        app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
        {
            endpoints.MapRazorPages();
        });
    }
}

UseHsts is recommended but not required. For more information, see HTTP Strict Transport Security Protocol.

Layout changes

Optional: Add the login partial (_LoginPartial) to the layout file:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <title>@ViewData["Title"] - WebRP</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="~/lib/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.css" />
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="~/css/site.css" />
</head>
<body>
    <header>
        <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-sm navbar-toggleable-sm navbar-light bg-white border-bottom box-shadow mb-3">
            <div class="container">
                <a class="navbar-brand" asp-area="" asp-page="/Index">WebRP</a>
                <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".navbar-collapse" aria-controls="navbarSupportedContent"
                        aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
                    <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
                </button>
                <div class="navbar-collapse collapse d-sm-inline-flex flex-sm-row-reverse">
                    <partial name="_LoginPartial" />
                    <ul class="navbar-nav flex-grow-1">
                        <li class="nav-item">
                            <a class="nav-link text-dark" asp-area="" asp-page="/Index">Home</a>
                        </li>
                        <li class="nav-item">
                            <a class="nav-link text-dark" asp-area="" asp-page="/Privacy">Privacy</a>
                        </li>
                    </ul>
                </div>
            </div>
        </nav>
    </header>
    <div class="container">
        <main role="main" class="pb-3">
            @RenderBody()
        </main>
    </div>

    <footer class="border-top footer text-muted">
        <div class="container">
            &copy; 2019 - WebRP - <a asp-area="" asp-page="/Privacy">Privacy</a>
        </div>
    </footer>

    <script src="~/lib/jquery/dist/jquery.js"></script>
    <script src="~/lib/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.js"></script>
    <script src="~/js/site.js" asp-append-version="true"></script>

    @RenderSection("Scripts", required: false)
</body>
</html>

Scaffold Identity into a Razor project with authorization

Run the Identity scaffolder:

  • From Solution Explorer, right-click on the project > Add > New Scaffolded Item.
  • From the left pane of the Add New Scaffolded Item dialog, select Identity. Select Identity in the center pane. Select the Add button.
  • In the Add Identity dialog, select the options you want.
    • If you have an existing, customized layout page for Identity (_Layout.cshtml), select your existing layout page to avoid overwriting your layout with incorrect markup by the scaffolder. For example, select either:
      • Pages/Shared/_Layout.cshtml for Razor Pages or Blazor Server projects with existing Razor Pages infrastructure.
      • Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml for MVC projects or Blazor Server projects with existing MVC infrastructure.
    • For the data context (DbContext class):
      • Select your data context class. You must select at least one file to add your data context.
      • To create a data context and possibly create a new user class for Identity, select the + button. Accept the default value or specify a class (for example, Contoso.Data.ApplicationDbContext for a company named "Contoso"). To create a new user class, select the + button for User class and specify the class (for example, ContosoUser for a company named "Contoso").
    • Select the Add button to run the scaffolder.

Some Identity options are configured in Areas/Identity/IdentityHostingStartup.cs. For more information, see IHostingStartup.

Scaffold Identity into an MVC project without existing authorization

Run the Identity scaffolder:

  • From Solution Explorer, right-click on the project > Add > New Scaffolded Item.
  • From the left pane of the Add New Scaffolded Item dialog, select Identity. Select Identity in the center pane. Select the Add button.
  • In the Add Identity dialog, select the options you want.
    • If you have an existing, customized layout page for Identity (_Layout.cshtml), select your existing layout page to avoid overwriting your layout with incorrect markup by the scaffolder. For example, select either:
      • Pages/Shared/_Layout.cshtml for Razor Pages or Blazor Server projects with existing Razor Pages infrastructure.
      • Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml for MVC projects or Blazor Server projects with existing MVC infrastructure.
    • For the data context (DbContext class):
      • Select your data context class. You must select at least one file to add your data context.
      • To create a data context and possibly create a new user class for Identity, select the + button. Accept the default value or specify a class (for example, Contoso.Data.ApplicationDbContext for a company named "Contoso"). To create a new user class, select the + button for User class and specify the class (for example, ContosoUser for a company named "Contoso").
    • Select the Add button to run the scaffolder.

Optional: Add the login partial (_LoginPartial) to the Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml file:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <title>@ViewData["Title"] - WebRP</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="~/lib/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.css" />
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="~/css/site.css" />
</head>
<body>
    <header>
        <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-sm navbar-toggleable-sm navbar-light bg-white border-bottom box-shadow mb-3">
            <div class="container">
                <a class="navbar-brand" asp-area="" asp-page="/Index">WebRP</a>
                <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".navbar-collapse" aria-controls="navbarSupportedContent"
                        aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
                    <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
                </button>
                <div class="navbar-collapse collapse d-sm-inline-flex flex-sm-row-reverse">
                    <partial name="_LoginPartial" />
                    <ul class="navbar-nav flex-grow-1">
                        <li class="nav-item">
                            <a class="nav-link text-dark" asp-area="" asp-page="/Index">Home</a>
                        </li>
                        <li class="nav-item">
                            <a class="nav-link text-dark" asp-area="" asp-page="/Privacy">Privacy</a>
                        </li>
                    </ul>
                </div>
            </div>
        </nav>
    </header>
    <div class="container">
        <main role="main" class="pb-3">
            @RenderBody()
        </main>
    </div>

    <footer class="border-top footer text-muted">
        <div class="container">
            &copy; 2019 - WebRP - <a asp-area="" asp-page="/Privacy">Privacy</a>
        </div>
    </footer>

    <script src="~/lib/jquery/dist/jquery.js"></script>
    <script src="~/lib/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.js"></script>
    <script src="~/js/site.js" asp-append-version="true"></script>

    @RenderSection("Scripts", required: false)
</body>
</html>

Move the Pages/Shared/_LoginPartial.cshtml file to Views/Shared/_LoginPartial.cshtml.

Identity is configured in Areas/Identity/IdentityHostingStartup.cs. For more information, see IHostingStartup.

The generated Identity database code requires Entity Framework (EF) Core Migrations. If a migration to generate the Identity schema hasn't been created and applied to the database, create a migration and update the database.

Visual Studio Connected Services are used to add an EF Core migration and update the database.

In Solution Explorer, double-click Connected Services. In the SQL Server Express LocalDB area of Service Dependencies, select the ellipsis (...) followed by Add migration.

Give the migration a Migration name, such as CreateIdentitySchema, which is a name that describes the migration. Wait for the database context to load in the DbContext class names field, which may take a few seconds. Select Finish to create the migration.

Select the Close button after the operation finishes.

Select the ellipsis (...) again followed by the Update database command.

The Update database with the latest migration dialog opens. Wait for the DbContext class names field to update and for prior migrations to load, which may take a few seconds. Select the Finish button.

Select the Close button after the operation finishes.

The update database command executes the Up method migrations that haven't been applied in a migration code file created by the scaffolder. In this case, the command executes the Up method in the Migrations/{TIME STAMP}_{MIGRATION NAME}.cs file, which creates the Identity tables, constraints, and indexes. The {TIME STAMP} placeholder is a time stamp, and the {MIGRATION NAME} placeholder is the migration name.

If the Identity schema has already been created but not applied to the database, only the command to update the database must be executed:

In Solution Explorer, double-click Connected Services. In the SQL Server Express LocalDB area of Service Dependencies, select the ellipsis (...) followed by the Update database command.

The Update database with the latest migration dialog opens. Wait for the DbContext class names field to update and for prior migrations to load, which may take a few seconds. Select the Finish button.

Select the Close button after the operation finishes.

You can confirm the application of an Identity schema with the following command. The output of the command includes an "applied" column to show which migrations are applied to the database.

In the Visual Studio Package Manager Console, execute Get-Migration:

Get-Migration

If more than one database context exists, specify the context with the -Context parameter.

Update the Startup class with code similar to the following:

public class Startup
{
    public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
    {
        Configuration = configuration;
    }

    public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }

    public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
    {
        services.AddControllersWithViews();
        services.AddRazorPages();
    }

    public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
    {
        if (env.IsDevelopment())
        {
            app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
            app.UseDatabaseErrorPage();
        }
        else
        {
            app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error");
            app.UseHsts();
        }
        app.UseHttpsRedirection();
        app.UseStaticFiles();

        app.UseRouting();

        app.UseAuthentication();
        app.UseAuthorization();

        app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
        {
            endpoints.MapControllerRoute(
                name: "default",
                pattern: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
            endpoints.MapRazorPages();
        });
    }
}

UseHsts is recommended but not required. For more information, see HTTP Strict Transport Security Protocol.

Scaffold Identity into an MVC project with authorization

Run the Identity scaffolder:

  • From Solution Explorer, right-click on the project > Add > New Scaffolded Item.
  • From the left pane of the Add New Scaffolded Item dialog, select Identity. Select Identity in the center pane. Select the Add button.
  • In the Add Identity dialog, select the options you want.
    • If you have an existing, customized layout page for Identity (_Layout.cshtml), select your existing layout page to avoid overwriting your layout with incorrect markup by the scaffolder. For example, select either:
      • Pages/Shared/_Layout.cshtml for Razor Pages or Blazor Server projects with existing Razor Pages infrastructure.
      • Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml for MVC projects or Blazor Server projects with existing MVC infrastructure.
    • For the data context (DbContext class):
      • Select your data context class. You must select at least one file to add your data context.
      • To create a data context and possibly create a new user class for Identity, select the + button. Accept the default value or specify a class (for example, Contoso.Data.ApplicationDbContext for a company named "Contoso"). To create a new user class, select the + button for User class and specify the class (for example, ContosoUser for a company named "Contoso").
    • Select the Add button to run the scaffolder.

Scaffold Identity into a server-side Blazor app without existing authorization

Run the Identity scaffolder:

  • From Solution Explorer, right-click on the project > Add > New Scaffolded Item.
  • From the left pane of the Add New Scaffolded Item dialog, select Identity. Select Identity in the center pane. Select the Add button.
  • In the Add Identity dialog, select the options you want.
    • If you have an existing, customized layout page for Identity (_Layout.cshtml), select your existing layout page to avoid overwriting your layout with incorrect markup by the scaffolder. For example, select either:
      • Pages/Shared/_Layout.cshtml for Razor Pages or Blazor Server projects with existing Razor Pages infrastructure.
      • Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml for MVC projects or Blazor Server projects with existing MVC infrastructure.
    • For the data context (DbContext class):
      • Select your data context class. You must select at least one file to add your data context.
      • To create a data context and possibly create a new user class for Identity, select the + button. Accept the default value or specify a class (for example, Contoso.Data.ApplicationDbContext for a company named "Contoso"). To create a new user class, select the + button for User class and specify the class (for example, ContosoUser for a company named "Contoso").
    • Select the Add button to run the scaffolder.

Identity is configured in Areas/Identity/IdentityHostingStartup.cs. For more information, see IHostingStartup.

Migrations

The generated Identity database code requires Entity Framework (EF) Core Migrations. If a migration to generate the Identity schema hasn't been created and applied to the database, create a migration and update the database.

Visual Studio Connected Services are used to add an EF Core migration and update the database.

In Solution Explorer, double-click Connected Services. In the SQL Server Express LocalDB area of Service Dependencies, select the ellipsis (...) followed by Add migration.

Give the migration a Migration name, such as CreateIdentitySchema, which is a name that describes the migration. Wait for the database context to load in the DbContext class names field, which may take a few seconds. Select Finish to create the migration.

Select the Close button after the operation finishes.

Select the ellipsis (...) again followed by the Update database command.

The Update database with the latest migration dialog opens. Wait for the DbContext class names field to update and for prior migrations to load, which may take a few seconds. Select the Finish button.

Select the Close button after the operation finishes.

The update database command executes the Up method migrations that haven't been applied in a migration code file created by the scaffolder. In this case, the command executes the Up method in the Migrations/{TIME STAMP}_{MIGRATION NAME}.cs file, which creates the Identity tables, constraints, and indexes. The {TIME STAMP} placeholder is a time stamp, and the {MIGRATION NAME} placeholder is the migration name.

If the Identity schema has already been created but not applied to the database, only the command to update the database must be executed:

In Solution Explorer, double-click Connected Services. In the SQL Server Express LocalDB area of Service Dependencies, select the ellipsis (...) followed by the Update database command.

The Update database with the latest migration dialog opens. Wait for the DbContext class names field to update and for prior migrations to load, which may take a few seconds. Select the Finish button.

Select the Close button after the operation finishes.

You can confirm the application of an Identity schema with the following command. The output of the command includes an "applied" column to show which migrations are applied to the database.

In the Visual Studio Package Manager Console, execute Get-Migration:

Get-Migration

If more than one database context exists, specify the context with the -Context parameter.

Style authentication endpoints

Because server-side Blazor apps use Razor Pages Identity pages, the styling of the UI changes when a visitor navigates between Identity pages and components. You have two options to address the incongruous styles:

Custom Identity components

An approach to using components for Identity instead of pages is to build Identity components. Because SignInManager and UserManager aren't supported in Razor components, use web API endpoints in the Blazor app to process user account actions.

Use a custom layout with Blazor app styles

The Identity pages layout and styles can be modified to produce pages that use styles similar to the default Blazor theme. This approach isn't covered by the documentation.

Scaffold Identity into a server-side Blazor app with authorization

Run the Identity scaffolder:

  • From Solution Explorer, right-click on the project > Add > New Scaffolded Item.
  • From the left pane of the Add New Scaffolded Item dialog, select Identity. Select Identity in the center pane. Select the Add button.
  • In the Add Identity dialog, select the options you want.
    • If you have an existing, customized layout page for Identity (_Layout.cshtml), select your existing layout page to avoid overwriting your layout with incorrect markup by the scaffolder. For example, select either:
      • Pages/Shared/_Layout.cshtml for Razor Pages or Blazor Server projects with existing Razor Pages infrastructure.
      • Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml for MVC projects or Blazor Server projects with existing MVC infrastructure.
    • For the data context (DbContext class):
      • Select your data context class. You must select at least one file to add your data context.
      • To create a data context and possibly create a new user class for Identity, select the + button. Accept the default value or specify a class (for example, Contoso.Data.ApplicationDbContext for a company named "Contoso"). To create a new user class, select the + button for User class and specify the class (for example, ContosoUser for a company named "Contoso").
    • Select the Add button to run the scaffolder.

Some Identity options are configured in Areas/Identity/IdentityHostingStartup.cs. For more information, see IHostingStartup.

Client-side Blazor apps

Client-side Blazor apps use their own Identity UI approaches and can't use ASP.NET Core Identity scaffolding. Server-side ASP.NET Core apps of hosted Blazor solutions can follow the Razor Pages/MVC guidance in this article and are configured just like any other type of ASP.NET Core app that supports Identity.

The Blazor framework doesn't include Razor component versions of Identity UI pages. Identity UI Razor components can be custom built or obtained from unsupported third-party sources.

For more information, see the Blazor Security and Identity articles.

Create full Identity UI source

To maintain full control of the Identity UI, run the Identity scaffolder and select Override all files.

The following highlighted code shows the changes to replace the default Identity UI with Identity in an ASP.NET Core 2.1 web app. You might want to do this to have full control of the Identity UI.

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    services.Configure<CookiePolicyOptions>(options =>
    {
        options.CheckConsentNeeded = context => true;
        options.MinimumSameSitePolicy = SameSiteMode.None;
    });

    services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(options =>
        options.UseSqlServer(
            Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection")));

    services.AddIdentity<IdentityUser, IdentityRole>()
        // services.AddDefaultIdentity<IdentityUser>()
        .AddEntityFrameworkStores<ApplicationDbContext>()
        .AddDefaultTokenProviders();

    services.AddMvc()
        .AddRazorPagesOptions(options =>
        {
            options.Conventions.AuthorizeAreaFolder("Identity", "/Account/Manage");
            options.Conventions.AuthorizeAreaPage("Identity", "/Account/Logout");
        });

    services.ConfigureApplicationCookie(options =>
    {
        options.LoginPath = $"/Identity/Account/Login";
        options.LogoutPath = $"/Identity/Account/Logout";
        options.AccessDeniedPath = $"/Identity/Account/AccessDenied";
    });

    // using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.UI.Services;
    services.AddSingleton<IEmailSender, EmailSender>();
}

The default Identity is replaced in the following code:

services.AddIdentity<IdentityUser, IdentityRole>()
    // services.AddDefaultIdentity<IdentityUser>()
    .AddEntityFrameworkStores<ApplicationDbContext>()
    .AddDefaultTokenProviders();

The following code sets the LoginPath, LogoutPath, and AccessDeniedPath):

services.ConfigureApplicationCookie(options =>
{
    options.LoginPath = $"/Identity/Account/Login";
    options.LogoutPath = $"/Identity/Account/Logout";
    options.AccessDeniedPath = $"/Identity/Account/AccessDenied";
});

Register an IEmailSender implementation, for example:

// using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.UI.Services;
services.AddSingleton<IEmailSender, EmailSender>();

public class EmailSender : IEmailSender
{
    public Task SendEmailAsync(string email, string subject, string message)
    {
        return Task.CompletedTask;
    }
}

Password configuration

If PasswordOptions are configured in Startup.ConfigureServices, [StringLength] attribute configuration might be required for the Password property in scaffolded Identity pages. InputModel Password properties are found in the following files:

  • Areas/Identity/Pages/Account/Register.cshtml.cs
  • Areas/Identity/Pages/Account/ResetPassword.cshtml.cs

Disable a page

This section shows how to disable the register page but the approach can be used to disable any page.

To disable user registration:

  • Scaffold Identity. Include Account.Register, Account.Login, and Account.RegisterConfirmation. For example:

    dotnet aspnet-codegenerator identity -dc RPauth.Data.ApplicationDbContext --files "Account.Register;Account.Login;Account.RegisterConfirmation"

  • Update Areas/Identity/Pages/Account/Register.cshtml.cs so users can't register from this endpoint:

    public class RegisterModel : PageModel
{
    public IActionResult OnGet()
    {
        return RedirectToPage("Login");
    }

    public IActionResult OnPost()
    {
        return RedirectToPage("Login");
    }
}

  • Update Areas/Identity/Pages/Account/Register.cshtml to be consistent with the preceding changes:

    @page
@model RegisterModel
@{
    ViewData["Title"] = "Go to Login";
}

<h1>@ViewData["Title"]</h1>

<li class="nav-item">
    <a class="nav-link text-dark" asp-area="Identity" asp-page="/Account/Login">Login</a>
</li>

  • Comment out or remove the registration link from Areas/Identity/Pages/Account/Login.cshtml

    @*
<p>
    <a asp-page="./Register" asp-route-returnUrl="@Model.ReturnUrl">Register as a new user</a>
</p>
*@

  • Update the Areas/Identity/Pages/Account/RegisterConfirmation page.

    • Remove the code and links from the cshtml file.
    • Remove the confirmation code from the PageModel:
    [AllowAnonymous]
  public class RegisterConfirmationModel : PageModel
  {
      public IActionResult OnGet()
      {  
          return Page();
      }
  }

Use another app to add users

Provide a mechanism to add users outside the web app. Options to add users include:

  • A dedicated admin web app.
  • A console app.

The following code outlines one approach to adding users:

  • A list of users is read into memory.
  • A strong unique password is generated for each user.
  • The user is added to the Identity database.
  • The user is notified and told to change the password.
public class Program
{
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        var host = CreateHostBuilder(args).Build();

        using (var scope = host.Services.CreateScope())
        {
            var services = scope.ServiceProvider;

            try
            {
                var context = services.GetRequiredService<AppDbCntx>();
                context.Database.Migrate();

                var config = host.Services.GetRequiredService<IConfiguration>();
                var userList = config.GetSection("userList").Get<List<string>>();

                SeedData.Initialize(services, userList).Wait();
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                var logger = services.GetRequiredService<ILogger<Program>>();
                logger.LogError(ex, "An error occurred adding users.");
            }
        }

        host.Run();
    }

    public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args) =>
        Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
            .ConfigureWebHostDefaults(webBuilder =>
            {
                webBuilder.UseStartup<Startup>();
            });
}

The following code outlines adding a user:


public static async Task Initialize(IServiceProvider serviceProvider,
                                    List<string> userList)
{
    var userManager = serviceProvider.GetService<UserManager<IdentityUser>>();

    foreach (var userName in userList)
    {
        var userPassword = GenerateSecurePassword();
        var userId = await EnsureUser(userManager, userName, userPassword);

        NotifyUser(userName, userPassword);
    }
}

private static async Task<string> EnsureUser(UserManager<IdentityUser> userManager,
                                             string userName, string userPassword)
{
    var user = await userManager.FindByNameAsync(userName);

    if (user == null)
    {
        user = new IdentityUser(userName)
        {
            EmailConfirmed = true
        };
        await userManager.CreateAsync(user, userPassword);
    }

    return user.Id;
}

A similar approach can be followed for production scenarios.

Prevent publish of static Identity assets

To prevent publishing static Identity assets to the web root, see Introduction to Identity on ASP.NET Core.

Additional resources

Changes to authentication code to ASP.NET Core 2.1 and later