Installing a SQL Server 2008 Failover Cluster
To install a SQL Server failover cluster, you must create and configure a failover cluster instance by running SQL Server Setup. This topic explains the elements of a failover cluster, as well as important information about naming a failover cluster instance. It also describes basic steps for installing a failover cluster.
Elements of a Failover Cluster Instance
A failover cluster instance can run on one or more computers that are participating nodes of a failover cluster. A failover cluster instance contains:
A combination of one or more disks in a Microsoft Cluster Service (MSCS) cluster group, also known as a resource group. Each resource group can contain at most one instance of SQL Server.
A network name for the failover cluster instance.
One or more IP addresses assigned to the failover cluster instance.
One instance of SQL Server that includes SQL Server, SQL Server Agent, the Full-text Search (FTS) service, and Replication. You can install a failover cluster with SQL Server only, Analysis Services only, or SQL Server and Analysis Services.
Naming a Failover Cluster Instance
A SQL Server failover cluster instance always appears on the network as if it were a single computer. You must use the SQL Server failover cluster instance name to connect to the SQL Server failover cluster, not the machine name of the node it happens to be running on. Doing so ensures that you are always able to connect to the failover cluster instance using the same name, regardless of which node is running SQL Server.
The name of your failover cluster instance must be unique to your domain. SQL Server does not listen on the IP address of the local servers. Instead, SQL Server listens only on the virtual IP address created during installation of the SQL Server failover cluster instance.
SQL Server depends on distinct registry keys and service names within the failover cluster to ensure that SQL Server functionality continues after a failover. Therefore, the name you provide for the instance of SQL Server, including the default instance, must be unique across all nodes in the failover cluster. Using unique instance names ensures that instances of SQL Server that are configured to fail over to a single server have distinct registry keys and service names.
Considerations for SQL Server Consolidation with a Failover Cluster
When planning to consolidate multiple stand-alone servers to SQL Server failover cluster instances, we recommend, as part of the planning process, that you verify that the cluster node hardware configuration is sufficient to support the number of instances of SQL Server to be hosted.
Presented below are two common scenarios and the basis for the recommended solutions that can be applied to your site configuration.
Scenario 1
You are a hosting site and want to offer up to 23 instances of SQL Server with the following resource requirements:
2 processors for 23 instances of SQL Server as a single cluster node would require 46 CPUs.
2 GB of memory for 23 instances of SQL Server as a single cluster node would require 48 GB of RAM (2 GB of additional memory for the operating system).
4 disks for 23 instances of SQL Server as a cluster disk array would require 92 disks.
If you limit the failover members to only half of the available nodes, the hardware requirements would be reduced to:
- 23 processors, 24 GB of memory per node, and availability of 46 disks.
With support for mount points, the total number of disks could be further reduced. SQL Server would require 23 disks each hosting 3-mount points or more, for increased disk space availability.
A potential limitation is if the processor and memory requirements rise, the existing hardware might not be capable of supporting those requirements without loss of performance to the existing instances of SQL Server.
Scenario 2
Migration of existing instances of SQL Server to a failover cluster
First, you must collect current baselines for the existing servers, noting any existing bottlenecks. Assuming baseline performance statistics provide the following needs, and that a single drive with mount points would cover drive requirements, that would leave you with the following configuration:
SQL Server 1 - 8 processors, 16 GB of RAM
SQL Server 2 - 4 processors, 8 GB of RAM (needs RAM, plan for 12 GB)
SQL Server 3 – 2 processors, 16GB of RAM (baseline shows need for additional processors)
SQL Server 4 – 4 processors, 8 GB of RAM (needs additional network bandwidth, add network adapters for 4 dedicated connections)
To replace these four servers, the cluster node would require the following minimum configuration:
- 18 processors, 54 GB of RAM, and 6 network adapters
The process for calculating the minimum configuration for a single node in a failover cluster considers:
Total CPU requirements
Total memory requirements, and
Required disks
Add 2 GB of RAM for the operating system
Note that the disk constraint encountered in previous SQL Server versions does not affect SQL Server 2008. Each instance of SQL Server requires just one cluster disk for data files.
Installing a Failover Cluster
To install a failover cluster, you must be a local administrator with permission to log on as a service and to act as part of the operating system on all nodes in the failover cluster.
To install a failover cluster by using the SQL Server Setup program, follow these steps:
Identify the information you need to create your failover cluster instance (for example, cluster disk resource, IP addresses, and network name) and the nodes available for failover. For more information:
These configuration steps must take place before you run the SQL Server Setup program; use the Windows Cluster Administrator to carry them out. You must have one MSCS group for each failover cluster instance you want to configure.
Run the SQL Server Setup program to start your failover cluster installation. Failover clustering has a new architecture and new work flow for all Setup scenarios in SQL Server 2008. The two options for installation are Integrated installation and Advanced/Enterprise installation. Integrated installation creates and configures a single-node SQL Server failover cluster instance. Additional nodes are added by using the Add Node functionality in Setup. For example, for Integrated installation, you run Setup to create a single-node failover cluster. Then, you run Setup again for each node you want to add to the cluster. Advanced/Enterprise installation consists of two steps. The Prepare step prepares all nodes of the failover cluster to be operational. Nodes are defined and prepared during this initial step. After you prepare the nodes, the Complete step is run on the active node—the node that owns the shared disk—to complete the failover cluster instance and make it operational.