Dela via

Add or modify work item fields to support reporting

  • Artikel

You use work item fields to track data for a work item type, to define the filter criteria for queries, and to use in reports. Any field, except system fields, that you want to appear in a report must be defined in the definition file for the types of work items that the field will track. System fields are automatically defined for every work item type. However, they must be included in the work item form to support data entry.

To support reporting, you can add fields or change the attributes of existing fields. When you add or modify fields, you should apply systematic naming conventions to make sure that data is logically grouped into folders in the SQL Server Analysis Services cube.

In this topic

  • Best Practices

  • Use an Existing Field

  • List Fields That Are Defined for a Team Project Collection

  • Reportable Field Attributes

  • Change a Reportable Attribute for a Field

  • Add Fields to Support Reporting

  • Verify Changes Made to Reportable Field Attributes

  • Best Practices when Assigning Reporting Reference Names

For a list of reportable fields defined in the default process templates, see Reportable fields reference for Visual Studio ALM.

Best Practices

Before you add or modify a field, review the following best practices:

  • Determine whether you can use a field that is already defined in the team project collection that contains your team project. Use of an existing field supports cross-project reporting.

  • Determine whether you can use a field that is already defined in another project collection in the deployment of Visual Studio Team Foundation Server. Use of an existing field supports cross-project reporting.

  • You can have no more than 1,024 fields in each project collection and no more than 1,024 unique reportable fields in all project collections throughout a deployment of Team Foundation Server. Merged fields count as one reportable field.

  • Institute a standard procedure and review process to add and modify fields in process templates, team projects, or project collections.

  • Use systematic naming conventions when you label fields for reporting. When you assign reference names in a systematic manner across all team project collections in a deployment of Team Foundation Server, you guarantee a more consistent and usable warehouse and cube schema, and you avoid schema conflicts in the warehouse. For more information, see Resolve schema conflicts that are occurring in the data warehouse.

    You can assign up to four label attributes to a work item field:

    Note

    Fields that are defined in the process templates for Microsoft Solutions Framework are not assigned a reporting name or a reporting reference name. By default, the reference name and name attributes are used.

    • name. The friendly name of the field that appears in the drop-down menus of work item queries. The friendly name must be unique across all fields that are defined in a team project. Also, the friendly name may be different from the displayed label that is assigned to the field on the work item form. For more information, see Control XML element reference.

    • refname. The unique label that is assigned to the field that distinguishes it from all other fields that are defined in the team project collection. The value that is assigned to the refname cannot be changed.

      For requirements of and restrictions on friendly names and reference names for fields, see Naming conventions for work item tracking objects.

    • reportingname. Optional attribute. The name that is used to identify a field in reports. When not explicitly set, the value that is assigned to the name attribute is used.

    • reportingrefname. Optional attribute. The unique label that is assigned to a reportable field that distinguishes it from all other reportable fields that are defined in all team project collections. When not explicitly set, the value that is assigned to the refname attribute is used. For recommended naming conventions, see Best Practices when Assigning Reporting Reference Names later in this topic.

      Note

      The reporting reference names are visible only from a PivotTable report or the Analysis Services cube.

Use an Existing Field

You should use a field that is already defined if that field matches the information that you want to track and report on. To use an existing field, perform the following steps:

  • Identify the field that you want to use. Use the witadmin listfields command to identify the fields and their attributes that are defined for all project collections. For more information, see List Fields That Are Defined for a Team Project Collection later in this topic.

  • Determine whether the field is reportable and whether the reportable attributes meet your reporting needs.

  • If it is not reportable, use the witadmin changefield to change the reportable attribute for the project collections in which it is used. For more information, see Change a Reportable Attribute for a Field later in this topic.

  • For the project collection where the field is not defined, add it to the XML definition files for the work item types that you want to use to track data. For more information, see Add Fields to Support Reporting later in this topic.

List Fields That Are Defined for a Team Project Collection

You can use the witadmin listfields command to list fields and their attributes. You can list a specified field or all fields that are defined in a project collection. The witadmin listfields command has the following syntax:

witadmin listfields /collection:CollectionURL /n:RefName

For more information, see Manage work item fields [witadmin].

Reportable Field Attributes

Reportable fields have a reportable attribute value of Detail, Dimension, or Measure. The following attributes determine how work item fields are exported and processed to the data warehouse databases:

  • reportingtype. To include a field in reports, you must assign one of the following values to the reportable attribute:

    • Assign Detail to export the field to the relational warehouse database but not to the cube. As the following example shows, use the Detail type only for Integer, Double, String, or DateTime fields:

      <FIELD refname="MyCorp.Summary" name="Summary" type="String" reportable="detail">

    • Assign Dimension to export the field to both the relational warehouse database and the cube. As the following example shows, use Dimension only for Integer, String, or DateTime fields. This value is useful to include fields that are used to filter reports (for example, fields that have lists of valid values).

      <FIELD refname="MyCorp.Category" name="Category" type="String" reportable="dimension">

    • Assign Measure to support the processing of precalculated values in the cube. Use the Measure type only for Integer and Double fields.

      When you assign Measure as the reportingtype, you must assign sum as the formula, as the following example shows:

      <FIELD refname="MyCorp.Cost" name="Cost" type="Integer" reportable="measure" formula="sum">

  • reportingrefname. You can assign a different reference name to a field that is marked as reportable. If no value is specified, the value that is assigned to the refname attribute is used.

    You can use this attribute to either merge or diverge fields that are included in reports. To merge two fields that have distinct reference names and that are defined in different project collections, you assign the same reportingrefname to both. To diverge two fields that have the same reference name but that are defined in different project collections, you assign a different reportingrefname to each field.

    You should merge fields whenever possible to minimize the number of fields in the warehouse and to keep under the maximum limit of 1024 reportable fields. You can generate cross-group reports with merged fields.

  • reportingname. You can assign a different label to a field that is used to display data in reports. If no value is specified, the friendly name that is assigned for the name attribute is used. The value that is assigned to the reportingname appears in the cube. The value that is assigned to the reportingrefname does not appear.

    Important

    You should use best practices to label reporting fields so that they are grouped together in the PivotTable reports. For more information, see Best Practices when Assigning Reporting Reference Names.

Change a Reportable Attribute for a Work Item Field

You can make an existing field reportable by changing the attribute assignments of the field that are defined for a project collection. An existing field is defined in one or more work item type definitions. Also, you can change all attributes that determine how a field is processed in the data warehouses.

You can use the following sequence of steps to change the attribute assignment of a field:

  1. You can use the witadmin changefield command to change an attribute assignment to a field. You exercise this command for a team project collection. Use the following syntax:

    witadmin changefield /collection:CollectionURL /n:RefName [/name:NewName] [/syncnamechanges:true | false] [/reportingname:ReportingName] [/reportingrefname:ReportingRefName] [/reportingtype:Type] [/reportingformula:Formula] [/noprompt]

    To make an existing field reportable, change the reportingtype. For example, to make the AW.Common.TeamPriority field available for filtering of reports, assign the Dimension value to it:

    witadmin changefield /collection:http://AdventureWorksServer:8080/AWTeam/Collection1 /n:AW.Common.TeamPriority /reportingtype:dimension

    For more information, see Manage work item fields [witadmin].

  2. (Optional) If you have more than one project collection, you may want to make similar changes to the work item field that is defined in that collection. To avoid schema conflicts when you export and process data to the data warehouse databases, you must assign the same values to these attributes across all collections:

    • Field type (the value for this field cannot be changed for an existing field).

    • Reporting type.

    • Reporting name.

    For more information, see Resolve schema conflicts that are occurring in the data warehouse.

  3. After you have made all changes to the work item fields that you want to use for reporting, you must process the data warehouse databases. You can use the ProcessWarehouse and ProcessAnalysis Web services, which are available through the WarehouseControlWebService.

    This step makes sure that people who use reports do not see an error when you change the field attributes.

    For more information, see Manage work item fields [witadmin].

Add Fields to Support Reporting

You can add fields to the definition of a work item type or types. When you add the field, you should add the same field element definition to all types of work items for which the field will support reporting. If you want the field to support cross-project reporting, the field should be added to all work item types in all team projects that will be reported on.

For more information, see Define and modify work item fields.

Verify Changes Made to Reportable Field Attributes

You can verify the changes that you made to reportable field attributes by processing the data warehouses on demand and then checking the reports to verify that they are updated. Or you can wait until the warehouse adapter jobs run. By default, the relational database is processed every few minutes. However, the cube is processed every two hours by default.

Note

For more information about the WarehouseControlWebService, see Manually Process the Data Warehouse and Analysis Services Cube for Team Foundation Server.

  1. Process the relational data warehouse on demand by using the ProcessWarehouse WarehouseControlWebService.

  2. Process the cube on demand by using the ProcessAnalysisDatabase WarehouseControlWebService.

  3. Verify that the reports are being updated. View a report through the dashboard or Report Manager. For more information, see Dashboards or Reports (SQL Server Reporting Services).

Best Practices when Assigning Reporting Reference Names

For reporting reference names, you want to assign labels so that you can easily find the fields in the PivotTable report and the cube. You can achieve this by applying systematic naming conventions so that fields are grouped in a logical sequence. In addition, if the fields are not grouped in a useful manner, you can change the reporting reference name of a field.

Applying a systematic naming convention becomes increasingly important because all reportable data from all team projects that are defined in all project collections is written to a single relational data warehouse. Data from that warehouse is then processed and written to the cube. Because work item fields are managed distinctly for each project collection, different labels may be applied and may lead to a set of fields that is not well organized to support authoring reports.

Work item fields that have a reportable type of dimension correspond to dimension attributes in the cube. Dimension attributes are organized into folders that are based on the reporting reference name that is assigned in the process template or work item type definition. The following types of mapping occur:

  • Fields that have the "System" prefix are intrinsic and listed directly under the Work Item dimension, with "Work Item" prepended.

  • Other fields are put under folders whose names correspond to the prefixes in their reference names. For example, fields that have the "Microsoft.VSTS.Common" prefix are listed under the folder that is labeled "Microsoft VSTS Common."

As the following illustration shows, a folder is added for each prefix group of fields that share a common prefix:

Folder structure in OLAP data cube

The following table lists the fields whose reference names begin with "System" and that are listed in the PivotTable report with the prefix of "Work Item." These fields are put directly under the Work Item dimension. All other fields are put under folders whose names correspond to the prefixes in their reference names.

Note

Deployments that do not use the Enterprise version of SQL Server Analysis Services do not have access to the translation features that are provided by that version. In these deployments, fields are identified by their full reference name in the cube, with ‘.’ replaced by ‘_’ (for example, "System_Id" and "System_Title").

Name in PivotTable report and cube

Reference name

Data type

Work Item.Area Path

System.AreaPath

TreeType

Work Item.Assigned To

System.AssignedTo

String

Work Item.Changed By

System.ChangedBy

String

Work Item.Changed Date

System.ChangedDate

DateTime

Work Item.Created By

System.Created By

String

Work Item.Created Date

System.CreatedDate

DateTime

Work Item.ID

System.Id

Integer

Work Item.Iteration Path

System.IterationPath

TreeType

Work Item.Previous State

System.PreviousState

String

Work Item.Reason

System.Reason

String

Work Item.Rev

System.Rev

Integer

Work Item.State

System.State

String

Work Item.Title

System.Title

String

Work Item.Work Item Type

System.WorkItemType

String

The following table lists the fields that appear in the PivotTable report in the folder that is labeled "Microsoft.VSTS.Common" under the Work Item dimension. These fields have reference names that start with "Microsoft.VSTS.Common."

Name in PivotTable report and cube

Reference name

Data type

Work Item.Activated By

Microsoft.VSTS.Common.ActivatedBy

String

Work Item.Activated Date

Microsoft.VSTS.Common.ActivatedDate

DateTime

Work Item.Closed By

Microsoft.VSTS.Common.ClosedBy

String

Work Item.Closed Date

Microsoft.VSTS.Common.ClosedDate

DateTime

Work Item.Created By

Microsoft.VSTS.Common.CreatedBy

String

Work Item.Created Date

Microsoft.VSTS.Common.CreatedDate

DateTime

Work Item.Resolved By

Microsoft.VSTS.Common.ResolvedBy

String

Work Item.Resolved Date

Microsoft.VSTS.Common.ResolvedDate

DateTime

Work Item.Resolved Reason

Microsoft.VSTS.Common.ResolvedReason

String

Work Item.Priority

Microsoft.VSTS.Common.Priority

Integer

Work Item.Severity

Microsoft.VSTS.Common.Severity

String

Work Item.Stack Rank

Microsoft.VSTS.Common.StackRank

Double

See Also

Reference

Manage work item fields [witadmin]

Concepts

Resolve schema conflicts that are occurring in the data warehouse

Work item field reference for Visual Studio ALM

Create, customize, and manage reports for Visual Studio ALM

Other Resources

Modify or add a field to support queries, reports, and workflow