Automate adding a lab user to a lab in Azure DevTest Labs

บทความ
04/13/2023

Azure DevTest Labs allows you to quickly create self-service dev-test environments by using the Azure portal. However, if you have several teams and several DevTest Labs instances, automating the creation process can save time. Azure Resource Manager templates allow you to create labs, lab VMs, custom images, formulas, and add users in an automated fashion. This article specifically focuses on adding users to a DevTest Labs instance.

To add a user to a lab, you add the user to the DevTest Labs User role for the lab. This article shows you how to automate adding a user to a lab using one of the following ways:

Azure Resource Manager templates
Azure PowerShell cmdlets
Azure CLI.

Use Azure Resource Manager templates

The following sample Resource Manager template specifies a user to be added to the DevTest Labs User role of a lab.

{
  "$schema": "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2015-01-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
  "contentVersion": "1.0.0.0",
  "parameters": {
    "principalId": {
      "type": "string",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "The objectId of the user, group, or service principal for the role."
      }
    },
    "labName": {
      "type": "string",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "The name of the lab instance to be created."
      }
    },
    "roleAssignmentGuid": {
      "type": "string",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Guid to use as the name for the role assignment."
      }
    }
  },
  "variables": {
    "devTestLabUserRoleId": "[concat('/subscriptions/', subscription().subscriptionId, '/providers/Microsoft.Authorization/roleDefinitions/111111111-0000-0000-11111111111111111')]",
    "fullDevTestLabUserRoleName": "[concat(parameters('labName'), '/Microsoft.Authorization/', parameters('roleAssignmentGuid'))]",
    "roleScope": "[concat('/subscriptions/', subscription().subscriptionId, '/resourceGroups/', resourceGroup().name, '/providers/Microsoft.DevTestLab/labs/', parameters('labName'))]"
  },
  "resources": [
    {
      "apiVersion": "2016-05-15",
      "type": "Microsoft.DevTestLab/labs",
      "name": "[parameters('labName')]",
      "location": "[resourceGroup().location]"
    },
    {
      "apiVersion": "2016-07-01",
      "type": "Microsoft.DevTestLab/labs/providers/roleAssignments",
      "name": "[variables('fullDevTestLabUserRoleName')]",
      "properties": {
        "roleDefinitionId": "[variables('devTestLabUserRoleId')]",
        "principalId": "[parameters('principalId')]",
        "scope": "[variables('roleScope')]"
      },
      "dependsOn": [
        "[resourceId('Microsoft.DevTestLab/labs', parameters('labName'))]"
      ]
    }
  ]
}

If you're assigning the role in the same template that is creating the lab, remember to add a dependency between the role assignment resource and the lab. For more information, see Defining dependencies in Azure Resource Manager Templates article.

Role Assignment Resource Information

The role assignment resource needs to specify the type and name.

The first thing to note is that the type for the resource isn't Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments as it would be for a resource group. Instead, the resource type follows the pattern {provider-namespace}/{resource-type}/providers/roleAssignments. In this case, the resource type will be Microsoft.DevTestLab/labs/providers/roleAssignments.

The role assignment name itself needs to be globally unique. The name of the assignment uses the pattern {labName}/Microsoft.Authorization/{newGuid}. The newGuid is a parameter value for the template. It ensures that the role assignment name is unique. As there are no template functions for creating GUIDs, you need to generate a GUID yourself by using any GUID generator tool.

In the template, the name for the role assignment is defined by the fullDevTestLabUserRoleName variable. The exact line from the template is:

"fullDevTestLabUserRoleName": "[concat(parameters('labName'), '/Microsoft.Authorization/', parameters('roleAssignmentGuid'))]"

Role Assignment Resource Properties

A role assignment itself defines three properties. It needs the roleDefinitionId, principalId, and scope.

Role Definition

The role definition ID is the string identifier for the existing role definition. The role ID is in the form /subscriptions/{subscription-id}/providers/Microsoft.Authorization/roleDefinitions/{role-definition-id}.

The subscription ID is obtained by using subscription().subscriptionId template function.

You need to get the role definition for the DevTest Labs User built-in role. To get the GUID for the DevTest Labs User role, you can use the Role Assignments REST API or the Get-AzRoleDefinition cmdlet.

$dtlUserRoleDefId = (Get-AzRoleDefinition -Name "DevTest Labs User").Id

The role ID is defined in the variables section and named devTestLabUserRoleId. In the template, the role ID is set to: 111111111-0000-0000-11111111111111111.

"devTestLabUserRoleId": "[concat('/subscriptions/', subscription().subscriptionId, '/providers/Microsoft.Authorization/roleDefinitions/111111111-0000-0000-11111111111111111')]",

Principal ID

Principal ID is the object ID of the Active Directory user, group, or service principal that you want to add as a lab user to the lab. The template uses the ObjectId as a parameter.

You can get the ObjectId by using the Get-AzureRMADUser, [Get-AzureRMADGroup, or Get-AzureRMADServicePrincipal PowerShell cmdlets. These cmdlets return a single or lists of Active Directory objects that have an ID property, which is the object ID that you need. The following example shows you how to get the object ID of a single user at a company.

$userObjectId = (Get-AzureRmADUser -UserPrincipalName 'email@company.com').Id

You can also use the Microsoft Graph PowerShell cmdlets that include Get-MgUser, Get-MgGroup, and Get-MgServicePrincipal.

Scope

Scope specifies the resource or resource group for which the role assignment should apply. For resources, the scope is in the form: /subscriptions/{subscription-id}/resourceGroups/{resource-group-name}/providers/{provider-namespace}/{resource-type}/{resource-name}. The template uses the subscription().subscriptionId function to fill in the subscription-id part and the resourceGroup().name template function to fill in the resource-group-name part. Using these functions means that the lab to which you're assigning a role must exist in the current subscription and the same resource group to which the template deployment is made. The last part, resource-name, is the name of the lab. This value is received via the template parameter in this example.

The role scope in the template:

"roleScope": "[concat('/subscriptions/', subscription().subscriptionId, '/resourceGroups/', resourceGroup().name, '/providers/Microsoft.DevTestLab/labs/', parameters('labName'))]"

Deploying the template

First, create a parameter file (for example: azuredeploy.parameters.json) that passes values for parameters in the Resource Manager template.

{
  "$schema": "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2015-01-01/deploymentParameters.json#",
  "contentVersion": "1.0.0.0",
  "parameters": {
    "principalId": {
      "value": "aaaaaaaa-bbbb-cccc-1111-222222222222"
    },
    "labName": {
      "value": "MyLab"
    },
    "roleAssignmentGuid": {
      "value": "22222222-2222-2222-2222-222222222222"
    }
  }
}

Then, use the New-AzureRmResourceGroupDeployment PowerShell cmdlet to deploy the Resource Manager template. The following example command assigns a person, group, or a service principal to the DevTest Labs User role for a lab.

New-AzureRmResourceGroupDeployment -Name "MyLabResourceGroup-$(New-Guid)" -ResourceGroupName 'MyLabResourceGroup' -TemplateParameterFile .\azuredeploy.parameters.json -TemplateFile .\azuredeploy.json

Note

The group deployment name and role assignment GUID must be unique. If you try to deploy a resource assignment by using a non-unique GUID, you'll see a RoleAssignmentUpdateNotPermitted error.

If you plan to use the template several times to add several Active Directory objects to the DevTest Labs User role for your lab, consider using dynamic objects in your PowerShell command. The following example uses the New-Guid cmdlet to specify the resource group deployment name and role assignment GUID dynamically.

New-AzureRmResourceGroupDeployment -Name "MyLabResourceGroup-$(New-Guid)" -ResourceGroupName 'MyLabResourceGroup' -TemplateFile .\azuredeploy.json -roleAssignmentGuid "$(New-Guid)" -labName "MyLab" -principalId "aaaaaaaa-bbbb-cccc-1111-222222222222"

Use Azure PowerShell

As discussed in the introduction, you create a new Azure role assignment to add a user to the DevTest Labs User role for the lab. In PowerShell, you do so by using the New-AzureRMRoleAssignment cmdlet. This cmdlet has many optional parameters to allow for flexibility. The ObjectId, SigninName, or ServicePrincipalName can be specified as the object being granted permissions.

Here is a sample Azure PowerShell command that adds a user to the DevTest Labs User role in the specified lab.

New-AzureRmRoleAssignment -UserPrincipalName <email@company.com> -RoleDefinitionName 'DevTest Labs User' -ResourceName '<Lab Name>' -ResourceGroupName '<Resource Group Name>' -ResourceType 'Microsoft.DevTestLab/labs'

To specify the resource to which permissions are being granted can be specified by a combination of ResourceName, ResourceType, ResourceGroup or by the scope parameter. Whatever combination of parameters is used, provide enough information to the cmdlet to uniquely identify the Active Directory object (user, group, or service principal), scope (resource group or resource), and role definition.

Use Azure CLI

In the Azure CLI, adding a lab user to a lab is done by using the az role assignment create command. For more information on Azure CLI cmdlets, see Add or remove Azure role assignments using Azure CLI.

The object that is being granted access can be specified by the objectId, signInName, spn parameters. The lab to which the object is being granted access can be identified by the scope url or a combination of the resource-name, resource-type, and resource-group parameters.

The following Azure CLI example shows you how to add a person to the DevTest Labs User role for the specified Lab.

az role assignment create --roleName "DevTest Labs User" --signInName <email@company.com> -–resource-name "<Lab Name>" --resource-type "Microsoft.DevTestLab/labs" --resource-group "<Resource Group Name>" --role Contributor --scope /subscriptions/<SubscriptionID>/resourceGroups/<ResourceGroupName>

Next steps

See the following articles:

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