deque (STL/CLR)

บทความ
12/07/2021

The template class describes an object that controls a varying-length sequence of elements that has random access. You use the container deque to manage a sequence of elements that looks like a contiguous block of storage, but which can grow or shrink at either end without the need to copy any remaining elements. Thus it can implement efficiently a double-ended queue. (Hence the name.)

In the description below, GValue is the same as Value unless the latter is a ref type, in which case it is Value^.

Syntax

template<typename Value>
    ref class deque
        :   public
        System::ICloneable,
        System::Collections::IEnumerable,
        System::Collections::ICollection,
        System::Collections::Generic::IEnumerable<GValue>,
        System::Collections::Generic::ICollection<GValue>,
        System::Collections::Generic::IList<GValue>,
        Microsoft::VisualC::StlClr::IDeque<GValue>
    { ..... };

Parameters

GValue
The generic type of an element in the controlled sequence.

Value
The type of an element in the controlled sequence.

Requirements

Header: <cliext/deque>

Namespace: cliext

Declarations

Type Definition	Description
deque::const_iterator (STL/CLR)	The type of a constant iterator for the controlled sequence.
deque::const_reference (STL/CLR)	The type of a constant reference to an element.
deque::const_reverse_iterator (STL/CLR)	The type of a constant reverse iterator for the controlled sequence.
deque::difference_type (STL/CLR)	The type of a signed distance between two elements.
deque::generic_container (STL/CLR)	The type of the generic interface for the container.
deque::generic_iterator (STL/CLR)	The type of an iterator for the generic interface for the container.
deque::generic_reverse_iterator (STL/CLR)	The type of a reverse iterator for the generic interface for the container.
deque::generic_value (STL/CLR)	The type of an element for the generic interface for the container.
deque::iterator (STL/CLR)	The type of an iterator for the controlled sequence.
deque::reference (STL/CLR)	The type of a reference to an element.
deque::reverse_iterator (STL/CLR)	The type of a reverse iterator for the controlled sequence.
deque::size_type (STL/CLR)	The type of a signed distance between two elements.
deque::value_type (STL/CLR)	The type of an element.

Member Function	Description
deque::assign (STL/CLR)	Replaces all elements.
deque::at (STL/CLR)	Accesses an element at a specified position.
deque::back (STL/CLR)	Accesses the last element.
deque::begin (STL/CLR)	Designates the beginning of the controlled sequence.
deque::clear (STL/CLR)	Removes all elements.
deque::deque (STL/CLR)	Constructs a container object.
deque::empty (STL/CLR)	Tests whether no elements are present.
deque::end (STL/CLR)	Designates the end of the controlled sequence.
deque::erase (STL/CLR)	Removes elements at specified positions.
deque::front (STL/CLR)	Accesses the first element.
deque::insert (STL/CLR)	Adds elements at a specified position.
deque::pop_back (STL/CLR)	Removes the last element.
deque::pop_front (STL/CLR)	Removes the first element.
deque::push_back (STL/CLR)	Adds a new last element.
deque::push_front (STL/CLR)	Adds a new first element.
deque::rbegin (STL/CLR)	Designates the beginning of the reversed controlled sequence.
deque::rend (STL/CLR)	Designates the end of the reversed controlled sequence.
deque::resize (STL/CLR)	Changes the number of elements.
deque::size (STL/CLR)	Counts the number of elements.
deque::swap (STL/CLR)	Swaps the contents of two containers.
deque::to_array (STL/CLR)	Copies the controlled sequence to a new array.

Property	Description
deque::back_item (STL/CLR)	Accesses the last element.
deque::front_item (STL/CLR)	Accesses the first element.

Operator	Description
deque::operator!= (STL/CLR)	Determines if two `deque` objects are not equal.
deque::operator(STL/CLR)	Accesses an element at a specified position.
operator< (deque) (STL/CLR)	Determines if a `deque` object is less than another `deque` object.
operator<= (deque) (STL/CLR)	Determines if a `deque` object is less than or equal to another `deque` object.
operator= (deque) (STL/CLR)	Replaces the controlled sequence.
operator== (deque) (STL/CLR)	Determines if a `deque` object is equal to another `deque` object.
operator> (deque) (STL/CLR)	Determines if a `deque` object is greater than another `deque` object.
operator>= (deque) (STL/CLR)	Determines if a `deque` object is greater than or equal to another `deque` object.

Interfaces

Interface	Description
ICloneable	Duplicate an object.
IEnumerable	Sequence through elements.
ICollection	Maintain group of elements.
IEnumerable<T>	Sequence through typed elements.
ICollection<T>	Maintain group of typed elements.
IList<T>	Maintain ordered group of typed elements.
IDeque<Value>	Maintain generic container.

Remarks

The object allocates and frees storage for the sequence it controls through a stored array of handles that designate blocks of Value elements. The array grows on demand. Growth occurs in such a way that the cost of either prepending or appending a new element is constant time, and no remaining elements are disturbed. You can also remove an element at either end in constant time, and without disturbing remaining elements. Thus, a deque is a good candidate for the underlying container for template class queue (STL/CLR) or template class stack (STL/CLR).

A deque object supports random-access iterators, which means you can refer to an element directly given its numerical position, counting from zero for the first (front) element, to deque::size (STL/CLR)() - 1 for the last (back) element. It also means that a deque is a good candidate for the underlying container for template class priority_queue (STL/CLR).

A deque iterator stores a handle to its associated deque object, along with the bias of the element it designates. You can use iterators only with their associated container objects. The bias of a deque element is not necessarily the same as its position. The first element inserted has bias zero, the next appended element has bias 1, but the next prepended element has bias -1.

Inserting or erasing elements at either end does not alter the value of an element stored at any valid bias. Inserting or erasing an interior element, however, can change the element value stored at a given bias, so the value designated by an iterator can also change. (The container may have to copy elements up or down to create a hole before an insert or to fill a hole after an erase.) Nevertheless, a deque iterator remains valid so long as its bias designates a valid element. Moreover, a valid iterator remains dereferencable -- you can use it to access or alter the element value it designates -- so long as its bias is not equal to the bias for the iterator returned by end().

Erasing or removing an element calls the destructor for its stored value. Destroying the container erases all elements. Thus, a container whose element type is a ref class ensures that no elements outlive the container. Note, however, that a container of handles does not destroy its elements.

Members

deque::assign (STL/CLR)

Replaces all elements.

Syntax

void assign(size_type count, value_type val);
template<typename InIt>
    void assign(InIt first, InIt last);
void assign(System::Collections::Generic::IEnumerable<Value>^ right);

Parameters

count
Number of elements to insert.

first
Beginning of range to insert.

last
End of range to insert.

right
Enumeration to insert.

val
Value of the element to insert.

Remarks

The first member function replaces the controlled sequence with a repetition of count elements of value val. You use it to fill the container with elements all having the same value.

If InIt is an integer type, the second member function behaves the same as assign((size_type)first, (value_type)last). Otherwise, it replaces the controlled sequence with the sequence [first, last). You use it to make the controlled sequence a copy another sequence.

The third member function replaces the controlled sequence with the sequence designated by the enumerator right. You use it to make the controlled sequence a copy of a sequence described by an enumerator.

Example

// cliext_deque_assign.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <cliext/deque>

int main()
    {
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c1;
    c1.push_back(L'a');
    c1.push_back(L'b');
    c1.push_back(L'c');

    // assign a repetition of values
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c2;
    c2.assign(6, L'x');
    for each (wchar_t elem in c2)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // assign an iterator range
    c2.assign(c1.begin(), c1.end() - 1);
    for each (wchar_t elem in c2)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // assign an enumeration
    c2.assign(   // NOTE: cast is not needed
        (System::Collections::Generic::IEnumerable<wchar_t>^)%c1);
    for each (wchar_t elem in c2)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();
    return (0);
    }

x x x x x x
a b
a b c

deque::at (STL/CLR)

Accesses an element at a specified position.

Syntax

reference at(size_type pos);

Parameters

pos
Position of element to access.

Remarks

The member function returns a reference to the element of the controlled sequence at position pos. You use it to read or write an element whose position you know.

Example

// cliext_deque_at.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <cliext/deque>

int main()
    {
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c1;
    c1.push_back(L'a');
    c1.push_back(L'b');
    c1.push_back(L'c');

    // display contents " a b c" using at
    for (int i = 0; i < c1.size(); ++i)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", c1.at(i));
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // change an entry and redisplay
    c1.at(1) = L'x';
    for (int i = 0; i < c1.size(); ++i)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", c1[i]);
    System::Console::WriteLine();
    return (0);
    }

a b c
a x c

deque::back (STL/CLR)

Accesses the last element.

Syntax

reference back();

Remarks

The member function returns a reference to the last element of the controlled sequence, which must be non-empty. You use it to access the last element, when you know it exists.

Example

// cliext_deque_back.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <cliext/deque>

int main()
    {
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c1;
    c1.push_back(L'a');
    c1.push_back(L'b');
    c1.push_back(L'c');

    // display initial contents " a b c"
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // inspect last item
    System::Console::WriteLine("back() = {0}", c1.back());

    // alter last item and reinspect
    c1.back() = L'x';
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();
    return (0);
    }

a b c
back() = c
a b x

deque::back_item (STL/CLR)

Accesses the last element.

Syntax

property value_type back_item;

Remarks

The property accesses the last element of the controlled sequence, which must be non-empty. You use it to read or write the last element, when you know it exists.

Example

// cliext_deque_back_item.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <cliext/deque>

int main()
    {
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c1;
    c1.push_back(L'a');
    c1.push_back(L'b');
    c1.push_back(L'c');

    // display initial contents " a b c"
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // inspect last item
    System::Console::WriteLine("back_item = {0}", c1.back_item);

    // alter last item and reinspect
    c1.back_item = L'x';
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();
    return (0);
    }

a b c
back_item = c
a b x

deque::begin (STL/CLR)

Designates the beginning of the controlled sequence.

Syntax

iterator begin();

Remarks

The member function returns a random-access iterator that designates the first element of the controlled sequence, or just beyond the end of an empty sequence. You use it to obtain an iterator that designates the current beginning of the controlled sequence, but its status can change if the length of the controlled sequence changes.

Example

// cliext_deque_begin.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <cliext/deque>

int main()
    {
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c1;
    c1.push_back(L'a');
    c1.push_back(L'b');
    c1.push_back(L'c');

    // display initial contents " a b c"
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // inspect first two items
    cliext::deque<wchar_t>::iterator it = c1.begin();
    System::Console::WriteLine("*begin() = {0}", *it);
    System::Console::WriteLine("*++begin() = {0}", *++it);

    // alter first two items and reinspect
    *--it = L'x';
    *++it = L'y';
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();
    return (0);
    }

a b c
*begin() = a
*++begin() = b
x y c

deque::clear (STL/CLR)

Removes all elements.

Syntax

void clear();

Remarks

The member function effectively calls deque::erase (STL/CLR)( deque::begin (STL/CLR)(), deque::end (STL/CLR)()). You use it to ensure that the controlled sequence is empty.

Example

// cliext_deque_clear.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <cliext/deque>

int main()
    {
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c1;
    c1.push_back(L'a');
    c1.push_back(L'b');
    c1.push_back(L'c');

    // display initial contents " a b c"
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // clear the container and reinspect
    c1.clear();
    System::Console::WriteLine("size() = {0}", c1.size());

    // add elements and clear again
    c1.push_back(L'a');
    c1.push_back(L'b');

    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();
    c1.clear();
    System::Console::WriteLine("size() = {0}", c1.size());
    return (0);
    }

a b c
size() = 0
a b
size() = 0

deque::const_iterator (STL/CLR)

The type of a constant iterator for the controlled sequence.

Syntax

typedef T2 const_iterator;

Remarks

The type describes an object of unspecified type T2 that can serve as a constant random-access iterator for the controlled sequence.

Example

// cliext_deque_const_iterator.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <cliext/deque>

int main()
    {
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c1;
    c1.push_back(L'a');
    c1.push_back(L'b');
    c1.push_back(L'c');

    // display contents " a b c"
    cliext::deque<wchar_t>::const_iterator cit = c1.begin();
    for (; cit != c1.end(); ++cit)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", *cit);
    System::Console::WriteLine();
    return (0);
    }

a b c

deque::const_reference (STL/CLR)

The type of a constant reference to an element.

Syntax

typedef value_type% const_reference;

Remarks

The type describes a constant reference to an element.

Example

// cliext_deque_const_reference.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <cliext/deque>

int main()
    {
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c1;
    c1.push_back(L'a');
    c1.push_back(L'b');
    c1.push_back(L'c');

    // display initial contents " a b c"
    cliext::deque<wchar_t>::const_iterator cit = c1.begin();
    for (; cit != c1.end(); ++cit)
        {   // get a const reference to an element
        cliext::deque<wchar_t>::const_reference cref = *cit;
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", cref);
        }
    System::Console::WriteLine();
    return (0);
    }

a b c

deque::const_reverse_iterator (STL/CLR)

The type of a constant reverse iterator for the controlled sequence..

Syntax

typedef T4 const_reverse_iterator;

Remarks

The type describes an object of unspecified type T4 that can serve as a constant reverse iterator for the controlled sequence.

Example

// cliext_deque_const_reverse_iterator.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <cliext/deque>

int main()
    {
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c1;
    c1.push_back(L'a');
    c1.push_back(L'b');
    c1.push_back(L'c');

    // display contents " a b c" reversed
    cliext::deque<wchar_t>::const_reverse_iterator crit = c1.rbegin();
    cliext::deque<wchar_t>::const_reverse_iterator crend = c1.rend();
    for (; crit != crend; ++crit)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", *crit);
    System::Console::WriteLine();
    return (0);
    }

c b a

deque::deque (STL/CLR)

Constructs a container object.

Syntax

deque();
deque(deque<Value>% right);
deque(deque<Value>^ right);
explicit deque(size_type count);
deque(size_type count, value_type val);
template<typename InIt>
    deque(InIt first, InIt last);
deque(System::Collections::Generic::IEnumerable<Value>^ right);

Parameters

count
Number of elements to insert.

first
Beginning of range to insert.

last
End of range to insert.

right
Object or range to insert.

val
Value of the element to insert.

Remarks

The constructor:

deque();

initializes the controlled sequence with no elements. You use it to specify an empty initial controlled sequence.

The constructor:

deque(deque<Value>% right);

initializes the controlled sequence with the sequence [right.begin(), right.end()). You use it to specify an initial controlled sequence that is a copy of the sequence controlled by the deque object right. For more information on the iterators, see deque::begin (STL/CLR) and deque::end (STL/CLR).

The constructor:

deque(deque<Value>^ right);

initializes the controlled sequence with the sequence [right->begin(), right->end()). You use it to specify an initial controlled sequence that is a copy of the sequence controlled by the deque object whose handle is right.

The constructor:

explicit deque(size_type count);

initializes the controlled sequence with count elements each with value value_type(). You use it to fill the container with elements all having the default value.

The constructor:

deque(size_type count, value_type val);

initializes the controlled sequence with count elements each with value val. You use it to fill the container with elements all having the same value.

The constructor:

template<typename InIt>

deque(InIt first, InIt last);

initializes the controlled sequence with the sequence [first, last). You use it to make the controlled sequence a copy of another sequence.

The constructor:

deque(System::Collections::Generic::IEnumerable<Value>^ right);

initializes the controlled sequence with the sequence designated by the enumerator right. You use it to make the controlled sequence a copy of another sequence described by an enumerator.

Example

// cliext_deque_construct.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <cliext/deque>

int main()
    {
// construct an empty container
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c1;
    System::Console::WriteLine("size() = {0}", c1.size());

    // construct with a repetition of default values
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c2(3);
    for each (wchar_t elem in c2)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", (int)elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // construct with a repetition of values
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c3(6, L'x');
    for each (wchar_t elem in c3)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // construct with an iterator range
    cliext::deque<wchar_t>::iterator it = c3.end();
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c4(c3.begin(), --it);
    for each (wchar_t elem in c4)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // construct with an enumeration
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c5(   // NOTE: cast is not needed
        (System::Collections::Generic::IEnumerable<wchar_t>^)%c3);
    for each (wchar_t elem in c5)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // construct by copying another container
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c7(c3);
    for each (wchar_t elem in c7)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // construct by copying a container handle
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c8(%c3);
    for each (wchar_t elem in c8)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    return (0);
    }

size() = 0
0 0 0
x x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x x
x x x x x x
x x x x x x

deque::difference_type (STL/CLR)

The types of a signed distance between two elements.

Syntax

typedef int difference_type;

Remarks

The type describes a signed element count.

Example

// cliext_deque_difference_type.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <cliext/deque>

int main()
    {
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c1;
    c1.push_back(L'a');
    c1.push_back(L'b');
    c1.push_back(L'c');

    // display initial contents " a b c"
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // compute positive difference
    cliext::deque<wchar_t>::difference_type diff = 0;
    for (cliext::deque<wchar_t>::iterator it = c1.begin();
        it != c1.end(); ++it) ++diff;
    System::Console::WriteLine("end()-begin() = {0}", diff);

    // compute negative difference
    diff = 0;
    for (cliext::deque<wchar_t>::iterator it = c1.end();
        it != c1.begin(); --it) --diff;
    System::Console::WriteLine("begin()-end() = {0}", diff);
    return (0);
    }

a b c
end()-begin() = 3
begin()-end() = -3

deque::empty (STL/CLR)

Tests whether no elements are present.

Syntax

bool empty();

Remarks

The member function returns true for an empty controlled sequence. It is equivalent to deque::size (STL/CLR)() == 0. You use it to test whether the deque is empty.

Example

// cliext_deque_empty.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <cliext/deque>

int main()
    {
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c1;
    c1.push_back(L'a');
    c1.push_back(L'b');
    c1.push_back(L'c');

    // display initial contents " a b c"
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();
    System::Console::WriteLine("size() = {0}", c1.size());
    System::Console::WriteLine("empty() = {0}", c1.empty());

    // clear the container and reinspect
    c1.clear();
    System::Console::WriteLine("size() = {0}", c1.size());
    System::Console::WriteLine("empty() = {0}", c1.empty());
    return (0);
    }

a b c
size() = 3
empty() = False
size() = 0
empty() = True

deque::end (STL/CLR)

Designates the end of the controlled sequence.

Syntax

iterator end();

Remarks

The member function returns a random-access iterator that points just beyond the end of the controlled sequence. You use it to obtain an iterator that designates the current end of the controlled sequence, but its status can change if the length of the controlled sequence changes.

Example

// cliext_deque_end.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <cliext/deque>

int main()
    {
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c1;
    c1.push_back(L'a');
    c1.push_back(L'b');
    c1.push_back(L'c');

    // display initial contents " a b c"
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // inspect last two items
    cliext::deque<wchar_t>::iterator it = c1.end();
    --it;
    System::Console::WriteLine("*-- --end() = {0}", *--it);
    System::Console::WriteLine("*--end() = {0}", *++it);

    // alter first two items and reinspect
    *--it = L'x';
    *++it = L'y';
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();
    return (0);
    }

a b c
*-- --end() = b
*--end() = c
a x y

deque::erase (STL/CLR)

Removes elements at specified positions.

Syntax

iterator erase(iterator where);
iterator erase(iterator first, iterator last);

Parameters

first
Beginning of range to erase.

last
End of range to erase.

where
Element to erase.

Remarks

The first member function removes the element of the controlled sequence pointed to by where. You use it to remove a single element.

The second member function removes the elements of the controlled sequence in the range [first, last). You use it to remove zero or more contiguous elements.

Both member functions return an iterator that designates the first element remaining beyond any elements removed, or deque::end (STL/CLR)() if no such element exists.

When erasing elements, the number of element copies is linear in the number of elements between the end of the erasure and the nearer end of the sequence. (When erasing one or more elements at either end of the sequence, no element copies occur.)

Example

// cliext_deque_erase.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <cliext/deque>

int main()
    {
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c1;
    c1.push_back(L'a');
    c1.push_back(L'b');
    c1.push_back(L'c');

    // display initial contents " a b c"
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // erase an element and reinspect
    System::Console::WriteLine("erase(begin()) = {0}",
        *c1.erase(c1.begin()));

    // add elements and display " b c d e"
    c1.push_back(L'd');
    c1.push_back(L'e');
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // erase all but end
    cliext::deque<wchar_t>::iterator it = c1.end();
    System::Console::WriteLine("erase(begin(), end()-1) = {0}",
        *c1.erase(c1.begin(), --it));
    System::Console::WriteLine("size() = {0}", c1.size());
    return (0);
    }

a b c
erase(begin()) = b
b c d e
erase(begin(), end()-1) = e
size() = 1

deque::front (STL/CLR)

Accesses the first element.

Syntax

reference front();

Remarks

The member function returns a reference to the first element of the controlled sequence, which must be non-empty. You use it to read or write the first element, when you know it exists.

Example

// cliext_deque_front.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <cliext/deque>

int main()
    {
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c1;
    c1.push_back(L'a');
    c1.push_back(L'b');
    c1.push_back(L'c');

    // display initial contents " a b c"
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // inspect first item
    System::Console::WriteLine("front() = {0}", c1.front());

    // alter first item and reinspect
    c1.front() = L'x';
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();
    return (0);
    }

a b c
front() = a
x b c

deque::front_item (STL/CLR)

Accesses the first element.

Syntax

property value_type front_item;

Remarks

The property accesses the first element of the controlled sequence, which must be non-empty. You use it to read or write the first element, when you know it exists.

Example

// cliext_deque_front_item.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <cliext/deque>

int main()
    {
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c1;
    c1.push_back(L'a');
    c1.push_back(L'b');
    c1.push_back(L'c');

    // display initial contents " a b c"
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // inspect first item
    System::Console::WriteLine("front_item = {0}", c1.front_item);

    // alter first item and reinspect
    c1.front_item = L'x';
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();
    return (0);
    }

a b c
front_item = a
x b c

deque::generic_container (STL/CLR)

The type of the generic interface for the container.

Syntax

typedef Microsoft::VisualC::StlClr::
    IDeque<generic_value>
    generic_container;

Remarks

The type describes the generic interface for this template container class.

Example

// cliext_deque_generic_container.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <cliext/deque>

int main()
    {
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c1;
    c1.push_back(L'a');
    c1.push_back(L'b');
    c1.push_back(L'c');

    // display contents " a b c"
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // construct a generic container
    cliext::deque<wchar_t>::generic_container^ gc1 = %c1;
    for each (wchar_t elem in gc1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // modify generic and display original
    gc1->insert(gc1->end(), L'd');
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // modify original and display generic
    c1.push_back(L'e');

    System::Collections::IEnumerator^ enum1 =
        gc1->GetEnumerator();
    while (enum1->MoveNext())
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", enum1->Current);
    System::Console::WriteLine();
    return (0);
    }

a b c
a b c
a b c d
a b c d e

deque::generic_iterator (STL/CLR)

The type of an iterator for use with the generic interface for the container.

Syntax

typedef Microsoft::VisualC::StlClr::Generic::
    ContainerRandomAccessIterator<generic_value> generic_iterator;

Remarks

The type describes a generic iterator that can be used with the generic interface for this template container class.

Example

// cliext_deque_generic_iterator.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <cliext/deque>

int main()
    {
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c1;
    c1.push_back(L'a');
    c1.push_back(L'b');
    c1.push_back(L'c');

    // display contents " a b c"
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // construct a generic container
    cliext::deque<wchar_t>::generic_container^ gc1 = %c1;
    for each (wchar_t elem in gc1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // modify generic and display original
    cliext::deque<wchar_t>::generic_iterator gcit = gc1->begin();
    cliext::deque<wchar_t>::generic_value gcval = *gcit;
    *++gcit = gcval;
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();
    return (0);
    }

a b c
a b c
a a c

deque::generic_reverse_iterator (STL/CLR)

The type of a reverse iterator for use with the generic interface for the container.

Syntax

typedef Microsoft::VisualC::StlClr::Generic::
    ReverseRandomAccessIterator<generic_value> generic_reverse_iterator;

Remarks

The type describes a generic reverse iterator that can be used with the generic interface for this template container class.

Example

// cliext_deque_generic_reverse_iterator.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <cliext/deque>

int main()
    {
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c1;
    c1.push_back(L'a');
    c1.push_back(L'b');
    c1.push_back(L'c');

    // display contents " a b c"
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // construct a generic container
    cliext::deque<wchar_t>::generic_container^ gc1 = %c1;
    for each (wchar_t elem in gc1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // modify generic and display original
    cliext::deque<wchar_t>::generic_reverse_iterator gcit = gc1->rbegin();
    cliext::deque<wchar_t>::generic_value gcval = *gcit;
    *++gcit = gcval;
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();
    return (0);
    }

a b c
a b c
a c c

deque::generic_value (STL/CLR)

The type of an element for use with the generic interface for the container.

Syntax

typedef GValue generic_value;

Remarks

The type describes an object of type GValue that describes the stored element value for use with the generic interface for this template container class.

Example

// cliext_deque_generic_value.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <cliext/deque>

int main()
    {
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c1;
    c1.push_back(L'a');
    c1.push_back(L'b');
    c1.push_back(L'c');

    // display contents " a b c"
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // construct a generic container
    cliext::deque<wchar_t>::generic_container^ gc1 = %c1;
    for each (wchar_t elem in gc1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // modify generic and display original
    cliext::deque<wchar_t>::generic_iterator gcit = gc1->begin();
    cliext::deque<wchar_t>::generic_value gcval = *gcit;
    *++gcit = gcval;
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();
    return (0);
    }

a b c
a b c
a a c

deque::insert (STL/CLR)

Adds elements at a specified position.

Syntax

iterator insert(iterator where, value_type val);
void insert(iterator where, size_type count, value_type val);
template<typename InIt>
    void insert(iterator where, InIt first, InIt last);
void insert(iterator where,
    System::Collections::Generic::IEnumerable<Value>^ right);

Parameters

count
Number of elements to insert.

first
Beginning of range to insert.

last
End of range to insert.

right
Enumeration to insert.

val
Value of the element to insert.

where
Where in container to insert before.

Remarks

Each of the member functions inserts, before the element pointed to by where in the controlled sequence, a sequence specified by the remaining operands.

The first member function inserts an element with value val and returns an iterator that designates the newly inserted element. You use it to insert a single element before a place designated by an iterator.

The second member function inserts a repetition of count elements of value val. You use it to insert zero or more contiguous elements which are all copies of the same value.

If InIt is an integer type, the third member function behaves the same as insert(where, (size_type)first, (value_type)last). Otherwise, it inserts the sequence [first, last). You use it to insert zero or more contiguous elements copied from another sequence.

The fourth member function inserts the sequence designated by the right. You use it to insert a sequence described by an enumerator.

When inserting a single element, the number of element copies is linear in the number of elements between the insertion point and the nearer end of the sequence. (When inserting one or more elements at either end of the sequence, no element copies occur.) If InIt is an input iterator, the third member function effectively performs a single insertion for each element in the sequence. Otherwise, when inserting N elements, the number of element copies is linear in N plus the number of elements between the insertion point and the nearer end of the sequence.

Example

// cliext_deque_insert.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <cliext/deque>

int main()
    {
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c1;
    c1.push_back(L'a');
    c1.push_back(L'b');
    c1.push_back(L'c');

    // display initial contents " a b c"
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // insert a single value using iterator
    cliext::deque<wchar_t>::iterator it = c1.begin();
    System::Console::WriteLine("insert(begin()+1, L'x') = {0}",
        *c1.insert(++it, L'x'));
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // insert a repetition of values
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c2;
    c2.insert(c2.begin(), 2, L'y');
    for each (wchar_t elem in c2)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // insert an iterator range
    it = c1.end();
    c2.insert(c2.end(), c1.begin(), --it);
    for each (wchar_t elem in c2)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // insert an enumeration
    c2.insert(c2.begin(),   // NOTE: cast is not needed
        (System::Collections::Generic::IEnumerable<wchar_t>^)%c1);
    for each (wchar_t elem in c2)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();
    return (0);
    }

a b c
insert(begin()+1, L'x') = x
a x b c
y y
y y a x b
a x b c y y a x b

deque::iterator (STL/CLR)

The type of an iterator for the controlled sequence.

Syntax

typedef T1 iterator;

Remarks

The type describes an object of unspecified type T1 that can serve as a random-access iterator for the controlled sequence.

Example

// cliext_deque_iterator.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <cliext/deque>

int main()
    {
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c1;
    c1.push_back(L'a');
    c1.push_back(L'b');
    c1.push_back(L'c');

    // display contents " a b c"
    cliext::deque<wchar_t>::iterator it = c1.begin();
    for (; it != c1.end(); ++it)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", *it);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // alter first element and redisplay
    it = c1.begin();
    *it = L'x';
    for (; it != c1.end(); ++it)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", *it);
    System::Console::WriteLine();
    return (0);
    }

a b c
x b c

deque::operator!= (STL/CLR)

Deque not equal comparison.

Syntax

template<typename Value>
    bool operator!=(deque<Value>% left,
        deque<Value>% right);

Parameters

left
Left container to compare.

right
Right container to compare.

Remarks

The operator function returns !(left == right). You use it to test whether left is not ordered the same as right when the two deques are compared element by element.

Example

// cliext_deque_operator_ne.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <cliext/deque>

int main()
    {
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c1;
    c1.push_back(L'a');
    c1.push_back(L'b');
    c1.push_back(L'c');

    // display contents " a b c"
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // assign to a new container
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c2;
    c2.push_back(L'a');
    c2.push_back(L'b');
    c2.push_back(L'd');

    // display contents " a b d"
    for each (wchar_t elem in c2)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    System::Console::WriteLine("[a b c] != [a b c] is {0}",
        c1 != c1);
    System::Console::WriteLine("[a b c] != [a b d] is {0}",
        c1 != c2);
    return (0);
    }

a b c
a b d
[a b c] != [a b c] is False
[a b c] != [a b d] is True

deque::operator(STL/CLR)

Accesses an element at a specified position.

Syntax

reference operator[](size_type pos);

Parameters

pos
Position of element to access.

Remarks

The member operator returns a referene to the element at position pos. You use it to access an element whose position you know.

Example

// cliext_deque_operator_sub.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <cliext/deque>

int main()
    {
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c1;
    c1.push_back(L'a');
    c1.push_back(L'b');
    c1.push_back(L'c');

    // display contents " a b c" using subscripting
    for (int i = 0; i < c1.size(); ++i)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", c1[i]);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // change an entry and redisplay
    c1[1] = L'x';
    for (int i = 0; i < c1.size(); ++i)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", c1[i]);
    System::Console::WriteLine();
    return (0);
    }

a b c
a x c

deque::pop_back (STL/CLR)

Removes the last element.

Syntax

void pop_back();

Remarks

The member function removes the last element of the controlled sequence, which must be non-empty. You use it to shorten the deque by one element at the back.

Example

// cliext_deque_pop_back.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <cliext/deque>

int main()
    {
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c1;
    c1.push_back(L'a');
    c1.push_back(L'b');
    c1.push_back(L'c');

    // display contents " a b c"
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // pop an element and redisplay
    c1.pop_back();
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();
    return (0);
    }

a b c
a b

deque::pop_front (STL/CLR)

Removes the first element.

Syntax

void pop_front();

Remarks

The member function removes the first element of the controlled sequence, which must be non-empty. You use it to shorten the deque by one element at the front.

Example

// cliext_deque_pop_front.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <cliext/deque>

int main()
    {
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c1;
    c1.push_back(L'a');
    c1.push_back(L'b');
    c1.push_back(L'c');

    // display contents " a b c"
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // pop an element and redisplay
    c1.pop_front();
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();
    return (0);
    }

a b c
b c

deque::push_back (STL/CLR)

Adds a new last element.

Syntax

void push_back(value_type val);

Remarks

The member function inserts an element with value val at the end of the controlled sequence. You use it to append another element to the deque.

Example

// cliext_deque_push_back.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <cliext/deque>

int main()
    {
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c1;
    c1.push_back(L'a');
    c1.push_back(L'b');
    c1.push_back(L'c');

    // display contents " a b c"
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();
    return (0);
    }

a b c

deque::push_front (STL/CLR)

Adds a new first element.

Syntax

void push_front(value_type val);

Remarks

The member function inserts an element with value val at the beginning of the controlled sequence. You use it to prepend another element to the deque.

Example

// cliext_deque_push_front.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <cliext/deque>

int main()
    {
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c1;
    c1.push_front(L'a');
    c1.push_front(L'b');
    c1.push_front(L'c');

    // display contents " c b a"
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();
    return (0);
    }

c b a

deque::rbegin (STL/CLR)

Designates the beginning of the reversed controlled sequence.

Syntax

reverse_iterator rbegin();

Remarks

The member function returns a reverse iterator that designates the last element of the controlled sequence, or just beyond the beginning of an empty sequence. Hence, it designates the beginning of the reverse sequence. You use it to obtain an iterator that designates the current beginning of the controlled sequence seen in reverse order, but its status can change if the length of the controlled sequence changes.

Example

// cliext_deque_rbegin.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <cliext/deque>

int main()
    {
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c1;
    c1.push_back(L'a');
    c1.push_back(L'b');
    c1.push_back(L'c');

    // display initial contents " a b c"
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // inspect first two items in reversed sequence
    cliext::deque<wchar_t>::reverse_iterator rit = c1.rbegin();
    System::Console::WriteLine("*rbegin() = {0}", *rit);
    System::Console::WriteLine("*++rbegin() = {0}", *++rit);

    // alter first two items and reinspect
    *--rit = L'x';
    *++rit = L'y';
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();
    return (0);
    }

a b c
*rbegin() = c
*++rbegin() = b
a y x

deque::reference (STL/CLR)

The type of a reference to an element.

Syntax

typedef value_type% reference;

Remarks

The type describes a reference to an element.

Example

// cliext_deque_reference.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <cliext/deque>

int main()
    {
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c1;
    c1.push_back(L'a');
    c1.push_back(L'b');
    c1.push_back(L'c');

    // display initial contents " a b c"
    cliext::deque<wchar_t>::iterator it = c1.begin();
    for (; it != c1.end(); ++it)
        {   // get a reference to an element
        cliext::deque<wchar_t>::reference ref = *it;
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", ref);
        }
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // modify contents " a b c"
    for (it = c1.begin(); it != c1.end(); ++it)
        {   // get a reference to an element
        cliext::deque<wchar_t>::reference ref = *it;

        ref += (wchar_t)(L'A' - L'a');
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", ref);
        }
    System::Console::WriteLine();
    return (0);
    }

a b c
A B C

deque::rend (STL/CLR)

Designates the end of the reversed controlled sequence.

Syntax

reverse_iterator rend();

Remarks

The member function returns a reverse iterator that points just beyond the beginning of the controlled sequence. Hence, it designates the end of the reverse sequence. You use it to obtain an iterator that designates the current end of the controlled sequence seen in reverse order, but its status can change if the length of the controlled sequence changes.

Example

// cliext_deque_rend.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <cliext/deque>

int main()
    {
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c1;
    c1.push_back(L'a');
    c1.push_back(L'b');
    c1.push_back(L'c');

    // display initial contents " a b c"
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // inspect first two items
    cliext::deque<wchar_t>::reverse_iterator rit = c1.rend();
    --rit;
    System::Console::WriteLine("*-- --rend() = {0}", *--rit);
    System::Console::WriteLine("*--rend() = {0}", *++rit);

    // alter first two items and reinspect
    *--rit = L'x';
    *++rit = L'y';
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();
    return (0);
    }

a b c
*-- --rend() = b
*--rend() = a
y x c

deque::resize (STL/CLR)

Changes the number of elements.

Syntax

void resize(size_type new_size);
void resize(size_type new_size, value_type val);

Parameters

new_size
New size of the controlled sequence.

val
Value of the padding element.

Remarks

The member functions both ensure that deque::size (STL/CLR)() henceforth returns new_size. If it must make the controlled sequence longer, the first member function appends elements with value value_type(), while the second member function appends elements with value val. To make the controlled sequence shorter, both member functions effectively erase the last element deque::size (STL/CLR)() - new_size times. You use it to ensure that the controlled sequence has size new_size, by either trimming or padding the current controlled sequence.

Example

// cliext_deque_resize.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <cliext/deque>

int main()
    {
// construct an empty container and pad with default values
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c1;
    System::Console::WriteLine("size() = {0}", c1.size());
    c1.resize(4);
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", (int)elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // resize to empty
    c1.resize(0);
    System::Console::WriteLine("size() = {0}", c1.size());

    // resize and pad
    c1.resize(5, L'x');
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();
    return (0);
    }

size() = 0
0 0 0 0
size() = 0
x x x x x

deque::reverse_iterator (STL/CLR)

The type of a reverse iterator for the controlled sequence.

Syntax

typedef T3 reverse_iterator;

Remarks

The type describes an object of unspecified type T3 that can serve as a reverse iterator for the controlled sequence.

Example

// cliext_deque_reverse_iterator.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <cliext/deque>

int main()
    {
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c1;
    c1.push_back(L'a');
    c1.push_back(L'b');
    c1.push_back(L'c');

    // display contents " a b c" reversed
    cliext::deque<wchar_t>::reverse_iterator rit = c1.rbegin();
    for (; rit != c1.rend(); ++rit)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", *rit);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // alter first element and redisplay
    rit = c1.rbegin();
    *rit = L'x';
    for (; rit != c1.rend(); ++rit)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", *rit);
    System::Console::WriteLine();
    return (0);
    }

c b a
x b a

deque::size (STL/CLR)

Counts the number of elements.

Syntax

size_type size();

Remarks

The member function returns the length of the controlled sequence. You use it to determine the number of elements currently in the controlled sequence. If all you care about is whether the sequence has nonzero size, see deque::empty (STL/CLR)().

Example

// cliext_deque_size.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <cliext/deque>

int main()
    {
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c1;
    c1.push_back(L'a');
    c1.push_back(L'b');
    c1.push_back(L'c');

    // display initial contents " a b c"
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();
    System::Console::WriteLine("size() = {0} starting with 3", c1.size());

    // clear the container and reinspect
    c1.clear();
    System::Console::WriteLine("size() = {0} after clearing", c1.size());

    // add elements and clear again
    c1.push_back(L'a');
    c1.push_back(L'b');
    System::Console::WriteLine("size() = {0} after adding 2", c1.size());
    return (0);
    }

a b c
size() = 3 starting with 3
size() = 0 after clearing
size() = 2 after adding 2

deque::size_type (STL/CLR)

The type of a signed distance between two element.

Syntax

typedef int size_type;

Remarks

The type describes a non-negative element count.

Example

// cliext_deque_size_type.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <cliext/deque>

int main()
    {
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c1;
    c1.push_back(L'a');
    c1.push_back(L'b');
    c1.push_back(L'c');

    // display initial contents " a b c"
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // compute positive difference
    cliext::deque<wchar_t>::size_type diff = c1.end() - c1.begin();
    System::Console::WriteLine("end()-begin() = {0}", diff);
    return (0);
    }

a b c
end()-begin() = 3

deque::swap (STL/CLR)

Swaps the contents of two containers.

Syntax

void swap(deque<Value>% right);

Parameters

right
Container to swap contents with.

Remarks

The member function swaps the controlled sequences between *this and right. It does so in constant time and it throws no exceptions. You use it as a quick way to exchange the contents of two containers.

Example

// cliext_deque_swap.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <cliext/deque>

int main()
    {
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c1;
    c1.push_back(L'a');
    c1.push_back(L'b');
    c1.push_back(L'c');

    // display initial contents " a b c"
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // construct another container with repetition of values
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c2(5, L'x');
    for each (wchar_t elem in c2)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // swap and redisplay
    c1.swap(c2);
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    for each (wchar_t elem in c2)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();
    return (0);
    }

a b c
x x x x x
x x x x x
a b c

deque::to_array (STL/CLR)

Copies the controlled sequence to a new array.

Syntax

cli::array<Value>^ to_array();

Remarks

The member function returns an array containing the controlled sequence. You use it to obtain a copy of the controlled sequence in array form.

Example

// cliext_deque_to_array.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <cliext/deque>

int main()
    {
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c1;
    c1.push_back(L'a');
    c1.push_back(L'b');
    c1.push_back(L'c');

    // copy the container and modify it
    cli::array<wchar_t>^ a1 = c1.to_array();

    c1.push_back(L'd');
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // display the earlier array copy
    for each (wchar_t elem in a1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();
    return (0);
    }

a b c d
a b c

deque::value_type (STL/CLR)

The type of an element.

Syntax

typedef Value value_type;

Remarks

The type is a synonym for the template parameter Value.

Example

// cliext_deque_value_type.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <cliext/deque>

int main()
    {
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c1;
    c1.push_back(L'a');
    c1.push_back(L'b');
    c1.push_back(L'c');

    // display contents " a b c" using value_type
    for (cliext::deque<wchar_t>::iterator it = c1.begin();
        it != c1.end(); ++it)
        {   // store element in value_type object
        cliext::deque<wchar_t>::value_type val = *it;

        System::Console::Write("{0} ", val);
        }
    System::Console::WriteLine();
    return (0);
    }

a b c

`operator<` (deque) (STL/CLR)

Deque less than comparison.

Syntax

template<typename Value>
    bool operator<(deque<Value>% left,
        deque<Value>% right);

Parameters

left
Left container to compare.

right
Right container to compare.

Remarks

The operator function returns true if, for the lowest position i for which !(right[i] < left[i]) it is also true that left[i] < right[i]. Otherwise, it returns left->size() < right->size() You use it to test whether left is ordered before right when the two deques are compared element by element.

Example

// cliext_deque_operator_lt.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <cliext/deque>

int main()
    {
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c1;
    c1.push_back(L'a');
    c1.push_back(L'b');
    c1.push_back(L'c');

    // display contents " a b c"
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // assign to a new container
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c2;
    c2.push_back(L'a');
    c2.push_back(L'b');
    c2.push_back(L'd');

    // display contents " a b d"
    for each (wchar_t elem in c2)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    System::Console::WriteLine("[a b c] < [a b c] is {0}",
        c1 < c1);
    System::Console::WriteLine("[a b c] < [a b d] is {0}",
        c1 < c2);
    return (0);
    }

a b c
a b d
[a b c] < [a b c] is False
[a b c] < [a b d] is True

`operator<=` (deque) (STL/CLR)

Deque less than or equal comparison.

Syntax

template<typename Value>
    bool operator<=(deque<Value>% left,
        deque<Value>% right);

Parameters

left
Left container to compare.

right
Right container to compare.

Remarks

The operator function returns !(right < left). You use it to test whether left is not ordered after right when the two deques are compared element by element.

Example

// cliext_deque_operator_le.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <cliext/deque>

int main()
    {
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c1;
    c1.push_back(L'a');
    c1.push_back(L'b');
    c1.push_back(L'c');

    // display contents " a b c"
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // assign to a new container
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c2;
    c2.push_back(L'a');
    c2.push_back(L'b');
    c2.push_back(L'd');

    // display contents " a b d"
    for each (wchar_t elem in c2)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    System::Console::WriteLine("[a b c] <= [a b c] is {0}",
        c1 <= c1);
    System::Console::WriteLine("[a b d] <= [a b c] is {0}",
        c2 <= c1);
    return (0);
    }

a b c
a b d
[a b c] <= [a b c] is True
[a b d] <= [a b c] is False

operator= (deque) (STL/CLR)

Replaces the controlled sequence.

Syntax

deque<Value>% operator=(deque<Value>% right);

Parameters

right
Container to copy.

Remarks

The member operator copies right to the object, then returns *this. You use it to replace the controlled sequence with a copy of the controlled sequence in right.

Example

// cliext_deque_operator_as.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <cliext/deque>

int main()
    {
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c1;
    c1.push_back(L'a');
    c1.push_back(L'b');
    c1.push_back(L'c');

    // display contents " a b c"
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // assign to a new container
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c2;
    c2 = c1;
    for each (wchar_t elem in c2)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();
    return (0);
    }

a b c
a b c

operator== (deque) (STL/CLR)

Deque equal comparison.

Syntax

template<typename Value>
    bool operator==(deque<Value>% left,
        deque<Value>% right);

Parameters

left
Left container to compare.

right
Right container to compare.

Remarks

The operator function returns true only if the sequences controlled by left and right have the same length and, for each position i, left[i] == right[i]. You use it to test whether left is ordered the same as right when the two deques are compared element by element.

Example

// cliext_deque_operator_eq.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <cliext/deque>

int main()
    {
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c1;
    c1.push_back(L'a');
    c1.push_back(L'b');
    c1.push_back(L'c');

    // display contents " a b c"
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // assign to a new container
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c2;
    c2.push_back(L'a');
    c2.push_back(L'b');
    c2.push_back(L'd');

    // display contents " a b d"
    for each (wchar_t elem in c2)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    System::Console::WriteLine("[a b c] == [a b c] is {0}",
        c1 == c1);
    System::Console::WriteLine("[a b c] == [a b d] is {0}",
        c1 == c2);
    return (0);
    }

a b c
a b d
[a b c] == [a b c] is True
[a b c] == [a b d] is False

`operator>` (deque) (STL/CLR)

Deque greater than comparison.

Syntax

template<typename Value>
    bool operator>(deque<Value>% left,
        deque<Value>% right);

Parameters

left
Left container to compare.

right
Right container to compare.

Remarks

The operator function returns right < left. You use it to test whether left is ordered after right when the two deques are compared element by element.

Example

// cliext_deque_operator_gt.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <cliext/deque>

int main()
    {
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c1;
    c1.push_back(L'a');
    c1.push_back(L'b');
    c1.push_back(L'c');

    // display contents " a b c"
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // assign to a new container
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c2;
    c2.push_back(L'a');
    c2.push_back(L'b');
    c2.push_back(L'd');

    // display contents " a b d"
    for each (wchar_t elem in c2)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    System::Console::WriteLine("[a b c] > [a b c] is {0}",
        c1 > c1);
    System::Console::WriteLine("[a b d] > [a b c] is {0}",
        c2 > c1);
    return (0);
    }

a b c
a b d
[a b c] > [a b c] is False
[a b d] > [a b c] is True

`operator>=` (deque) (STL/CLR)

Deque greater than or equal comparison.

Syntax

template<typename Value>
    bool operator>=(deque<Value>% left,
        deque<Value>% right);

Parameters

left
Left container to compare.

right
Right container to compare.

Remarks

The operator function returns !(left < right). You use it to test whether left is not ordered before right when the two deques are compared element by element.

Example

// cliext_deque_operator_ge.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <cliext/deque>

int main()
    {
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c1;
    c1.push_back(L'a');
    c1.push_back(L'b');
    c1.push_back(L'c');

    // display contents " a b c"
    for each (wchar_t elem in c1)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    // assign to a new container
    cliext::deque<wchar_t> c2;
    c2.push_back(L'a');
    c2.push_back(L'b');
    c2.push_back(L'd');

    // display contents " a b d"
    for each (wchar_t elem in c2)
        System::Console::Write("{0} ", elem);
    System::Console::WriteLine();

    System::Console::WriteLine("[a b c] >= [a b c] is {0}",
        c1 >= c1);
    System::Console::WriteLine("[a b c] >= [a b d] is {0}",
        c1 >= c2);
    return (0);
    }

a b c
a b d
[a b c] >= [a b c] is True
[a b c] >= [a b d] is False

แชร์ผ่าน

deque (STL/CLR)

Syntax

Parameters

Requirements

Declarations

Interfaces

Remarks

Members

deque::assign (STL/CLR)

Syntax

Parameters

Remarks

Example

deque::at (STL/CLR)

Syntax

Parameters

Remarks

Example

deque::back (STL/CLR)

Syntax

Remarks

Example

deque::back_item (STL/CLR)

Syntax

Remarks

Example

deque::begin (STL/CLR)

Syntax

Remarks

Example

deque::clear (STL/CLR)

Syntax

Remarks

Example

deque::const_iterator (STL/CLR)

Syntax

Remarks

Example

deque::const_reference (STL/CLR)

Syntax

Remarks

Example

deque::const_reverse_iterator (STL/CLR)

Syntax

Remarks

Example

deque::deque (STL/CLR)

Syntax

Parameters

Remarks

Example

deque::difference_type (STL/CLR)

Syntax

Remarks

Example

deque::empty (STL/CLR)

Syntax

Remarks

Example

deque::end (STL/CLR)

Syntax

Remarks

Example

deque::erase (STL/CLR)

Syntax

Parameters

Remarks

Example

deque::front (STL/CLR)

Syntax

Remarks

Example

deque::front_item (STL/CLR)

Syntax

Remarks

Example

deque::generic_container (STL/CLR)

Syntax

Remarks