แก้ไข

แชร์ผ่าน

Export-PSSession

  • Reference
Module:
Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility

Exports commands from another session and saves them in a PowerShell module.

Syntax

Export-PSSession
      [-OutputModule] <String>
      [-Force]
      [-Encoding <Encoding>]
      [[-CommandName] <String[]>]
      [-AllowClobber]
      [-ArgumentList <Object[]>]
      [-CommandType <CommandTypes>]
      [-Module <String[]>]
      [-FullyQualifiedModule <ModuleSpecification[]>]
      [[-FormatTypeName] <String[]>]
      [-Certificate <X509Certificate2>]
      [-Session] <PSSession>
      [<CommonParameters>]

Description

The Export-PSSession cmdlet gets cmdlets, functions, aliases, and other command types from another PowerShell session (PSSession) on a local or remote computer and saves them in a PowerShell module. To add the commands from the module to the current session, use the Import-Module cmdlet.

Unlike Import-PSSession, which imports commands from another PSSession into the current session, Export-PSSession saves the commands in a module. The commands are not imported into the current session.

To export commands, use the New-PSSession cmdlet to create a PSSession that has the commands that you want to export. Then use the Export-PSSession cmdlet to export the commands.

To prevent command name conflicts, the default for Export-PSSession is to export all commands, except for commands that exist in the current session. You can use the CommandName parameter to specify the commands to export.

The Export-PSSession cmdlet uses the implicit remoting feature of PowerShell. When you import commands into the current session, they run implicitly in the original session or in a similar session on the originating computer.

Examples

Example 1: Export commands from a PSSession

This example creates a new PSSession from the local computer to the Server01 computer. All of the commands, except those that exist in the current session, are exported to the module named Server01 on the local computer. The export includes the formatting data for the commands.

$S = New-PSSession -ComputerName Server01
Export-PSSession -Session $S -OutputModule Server01

The New-PSSession command creates a PSSession on the Server01 computer. The PSSession is stored in the $S variable. The Export-PSSession command exports the $S variable's commands and formatting data into the Server01 module.

Example 2: Export the Get and Set commands

This example exports all of the Get and Set commands from a server.

$S = New-PSSession -ConnectionUri https://exchange.microsoft.com/mailbox -Credential exchangeadmin01@hotmail.com -Authentication Negotiate
Export-PSSession -Session $S -Module exch* -CommandName Get-*, Set-* -FormatTypeName * -OutputModule $PSHOME\Modules\Exchange -Encoding ASCII

These commands export the Get and Set commands from a Microsoft Exchange Server snap-in on a remote computer to an Exchange module in the $PSHOME\Modules directory on the local computer. Placing the module in the $PSHOME\Modules directory makes it accessible to all users of the computer.

Example 3: Export commands from a remote computer

This example exports cmdlets from a PSSession on a remote computer and saves them in a module on the local computer. The cmdlets from the module are added to the current session so that they can be used.

$S = New-PSSession -ComputerName Server01 -Credential Server01\User01
Export-PSSession -Session $S -OutputModule TestCmdlets -Type Cmdlet -CommandName *test* -FormatTypeName *
Remove-PSSession $S
Import-Module TestCmdlets
Get-Help Test*
Test-Files

The New-PSSession command creates a PSSession on the Server01 computer and saves it in the $S variable. The Export-PSSession command exports the cmdlets whose names begin with Test from the PSSession in $S to the TestCmdlets module on the local computer.

The Remove-PSSession cmdlet deletes the PSSession in $S from the current session. This command shows that the PSSession need not be active to use the commands that were imported from the session. The Import-Module cmdlet adds the cmdlets in the TestCmdlets module to the current session. The command can be run in any session at any time.

The Get-Help cmdlet gets help for cmdlets whose names begin with Test. After the commands in a module are added to the current session, you can use the Get-Help and Get-Command cmdlets to learn about the imported commands. The Test-Files cmdlet was exported from the Server01 computer and added to the session. The Test-Files cmdlet runs in a remote session on the computer from which the command was imported. PowerShell creates a session from information that is stored in the TestCmdlets module.

Example 4: Export and clobber commands in the current session

This example exports commands that are stored in a variable into the current session.

Export-PSSession -Session $S -AllowClobber -OutputModule AllCommands

This Export-PSSession command exports all commands and all formatting data from the PSSession in the $S variable into the current session. The AllowClobber parameter includes commands with the same names as commands in the current session.

Example 5: Export commands from a closed PSSession

This example shows how to run the exported commands with special options when the PSSession that created the exported commands is closed.

If the original remote session is closed when a module is imported, the module will use any open remote session that connects to the originating computer. If there is no current session to the originating computer, the module will reestablish a session.

To run exported commands with special options in a remote session, you must create a remote session with those options before you import the module. Use the New-PSSession cmdlet with the SessionOption parameter

$Options = New-PSSessionOption -NoMachineProfile
$S = New-PSSession -ComputerName Server01 -SessionOption $Options
Export-PSSession -Session $S -OutputModule Server01
Remove-PSSession $S
New-PSSession -ComputerName Server01 -SessionOption $Options
Import-Module Server01

The New-PSSessionOption cmdlet creates a PSSessionOption object, and it saves the object in the $Options variable. The New-PSSession command creates a PSSession on the Server01 computer. The SessionOption parameter uses the object stored in $Options. The session is stored in the $S variable.

The Export-PSSession cmdlet exports commands from the PSSession in $S to the Server01 module. The Remove-PSSession cmdlet deletes the PSSession in the $S variable.

The New-PSSession cmdlet creates a new PSSession that connects to the Server01 computer. The SessionOption parameter uses the object stored in $Options. The Import-Module cmdlet imports the commands from the Server01 module. The commands in the module are run in the PSSession on the Server01 computer.

Parameters

-AllowClobber

Exports the specified commands, even if they have the same names as commands in the current session.

If you export a command with the same name as a command in the current session, the exported command hides or replaces the original commands. For more information, see about_Command_Precedence.

Type:SwitchParameter
Position:Named
Default value:None
Required:False
Accept pipeline input:False
Accept wildcard characters:False

-ArgumentList

Exports the variant of the command that results from using the specified arguments (parameter values).

For example, to export the variant of the Get-Item command in the certificate (Cert:) drive in the PSSession in $S, type Export-PSSession -Session $S -Command Get-Item -ArgumentList cert:.

Type:Object[]
Aliases:Args
Position:Named
Default value:None
Required:False
Accept pipeline input:False
Accept wildcard characters:False

-Certificate

Specifies the client certificate that is used to sign the format files (*.Format.ps1xml) or script module files (.psm1) in the module that Export-PSSession creates. Enter a variable that contains a certificate or a command or expression that gets the certificate.

To find a certificate, use the Get-PfxCertificate cmdlet or use the Get-ChildItem cmdlet in the Certificate (Cert:) drive. If the certificate is not valid or does not have sufficient authority, the command fails.

Type:X509Certificate2
Position:Named
Default value:None
Required:False
Accept pipeline input:False
Accept wildcard characters:False

-CommandName

Exports only the commands with the specified names or name patterns. Wildcards are permitted. Use CommandName or its alias, Name.

By default, Export-PSSession exports all commands from the PSSession except for commands that have the same names as commands in the current session. This prevents commands from being hidden or replaced by commands in the current session. To export all commands, even those that hide or replace other commands, use the AllowClobber parameter.

If you use the CommandName parameter, the formatting files for the commands are not exported unless you use the FormatTypeName parameter. Similarly, if you use the FormatTypeName parameter, no commands are exported unless you use the CommandName parameter.

Type:String[]
Aliases:Name
Position:2
Default value:All commands in the session.
Required:False
Accept pipeline input:False
Accept wildcard characters:True

-CommandType

Exports only the specified types of command objects. Use CommandType or its alias, Type.

The acceptable values for this parameter are as follows:

  • Alias: All PowerShell aliases in the current session.
  • All: All command types. It is the equivalent of Get-Command -Name *.
  • Application: All files other than PowerShell files in paths listed in the Path environment variable ($env:path), including .txt, .exe, and .dll files.
  • Cmdlet: The cmdlets in the current session. Cmdlet is the default.
  • Configuration: A PowerShell configuration. For more information, see about_Session_Configurations.
  • ExternalScript: All .ps1 files in the paths listed in the Path environment variable ($env:path).
  • Filter and Function: All PowerShell functions.
  • Script Script blocks in the current session.
  • Workflow A PowerShell workflow. For more information, see about_Workflows.

These values are defined as a flag-based enumeration. You can combine multiple values together to set multiple flags using this parameter. The values can be passed to the CommandType parameter as an array of values or as a comma-separated string of those values. The cmdlet will combine the values using a binary-OR operation. Passing values as an array is the simplest option and also allows you to use tab-completion on the values.

Type:CommandTypes
Aliases:Type
Accepted values:Alias, All, Application, Cmdlet, Configuration, ExternalScript, Filter, Function, Script, Workflow
Position:Named
Default value:All commands in the session.
Required:False
Accept pipeline input:False
Accept wildcard characters:False

-Encoding

Specifies the type of encoding for the target file. The default value is utf8NoBOM.

The acceptable values for this parameter are as follows:

  • ascii: Uses the encoding for the ASCII (7-bit) character set.
  • bigendianunicode: Encodes in UTF-16 format using the big-endian byte order.
  • bigendianutf32: Encodes in UTF-32 format using the big-endian byte order.
  • oem: Uses the default encoding for MS-DOS and console programs.
  • unicode: Encodes in UTF-16 format using the little-endian byte order.
  • utf7: Encodes in UTF-7 format.
  • utf8: Encodes in UTF-8 format.
  • utf8BOM: Encodes in UTF-8 format with Byte Order Mark (BOM)
  • utf8NoBOM: Encodes in UTF-8 format without Byte Order Mark (BOM)
  • utf32: Encodes in UTF-32 format.

Beginning with PowerShell 6.2, the Encoding parameter also allows numeric IDs of registered code pages (like -Encoding 1251) or string names of registered code pages (like -Encoding "windows-1251"). For more information, see the .NET documentation for Encoding.CodePage.

Type:Encoding
Accepted values:ASCII, BigEndianUnicode, BigEndianUTF32, OEM, Unicode, UTF7, UTF8, UTF8BOM, UTF8NoBOM, UTF32
Position:Named
Default value:UTF8NoBOM
Required:False
Accept pipeline input:False
Accept wildcard characters:False

-Force

Overwrites one or more existing output files, even if the file has the read-only attribute.

Type:SwitchParameter
Position:Named
Default value:None
Required:False
Accept pipeline input:False
Accept wildcard characters:False

-FormatTypeName

Exports formatting instructions only for the specified Microsoft .NET Framework types. Enter the type names. By default, Export-PSSession exports formatting instructions for all .NET Framework types that are not in the System.Management.Automation namespace.

The value of this parameter must be the name of a type that is returned by a Get-FormatData command in the session from which the commands are being imported. To get all of the formatting data in the remote session, type *.

If you use the FormatTypeName parameter, no commands are exported unless you use the CommandName parameter.

If you use the CommandName parameter, the formatting files for the commands are not exported unless you use the FormatTypeName parameter.

Type:String[]
Position:3
Default value:None
Required:False
Accept pipeline input:False
Accept wildcard characters:False

-FullyQualifiedModule

The value can be a module name, a full module specification, or a path to a module file.

When the value is a path, the path can be fully qualified or relative. A relative path is resolved relative to the script that contains the using statement.

When the value is a name or module specification, PowerShell searches the PSModulePath for the specified module.

A module specification is a hashtable that has the following keys.

  • ModuleName - Required Specifies the module name.
  • GUID - Optional Specifies the GUID of the module.
  • It's also Required to specify at least one of the three below keys.
    • ModuleVersion - Specifies a minimum acceptable version of the module.
    • MaximumVersion - Specifies the maximum acceptable version of the module.
    • RequiredVersion - Specifies an exact, required version of the module. This can't be used with the other Version keys.

You can't specify the FullyQualifiedModule parameter in the same command as a Module parameter. the two parameters are mutually exclusive.

Type:ModuleSpecification[]
Position:Named
Default value:None
Required:False
Accept pipeline input:False
Accept wildcard characters:False

-Module

Exports only the commands in the specified PowerShell snap-ins and modules. Enter the snap-in and module names. Wildcards are not permitted.

For more information, see Import-Module and about_PSSnapins.

Type:String[]
Aliases:PSSnapin
Position:Named
Default value:All commands in the session.
Required:False
Accept pipeline input:False
Accept wildcard characters:False

-OutputModule

Specifies an optional path and name for the module created by Export-PSSession. The default path is $HOME\Documents\WindowsPowerShell\Modules. This parameter is required.

If the module subdirectory or any of the files that Export-PSSession creates already exist, the command fails. To overwrite existing files, use the Force parameter.

Type:String
Aliases:PSPath, ModuleName
Position:1
Default value:$HOME\Documents\WindowsPowerShell\Modules
Required:True
Accept pipeline input:False
Accept wildcard characters:False

-Session

Specifies the PSSession from which the commands are exported. Enter a variable that contains a session object or a command that gets a session object, such as a Get-PSSession command. This parameter is required.

Type:PSSession
Position:0
Default value:None
Required:True
Accept pipeline input:False
Accept wildcard characters:False

Inputs

None

You can't pipe objects to this cmdlet.

Outputs

FileInfo

This cmdlet returns a list of files that comprise the module that it created.

Notes

Export-PSSession relies on the PowerShell remoting infrastructure. To use this cmdlet, the computer must be configured for remoting. For more information, see about_Remote_Requirements.

You cannot use Export-PSSession to export a PowerShell provider.

Exported commands run implicitly in the PSSession from which they were exported. The details of running the commands remotely are handled entirely by PowerShell. You can run the exported commands just as you would run local commands.

Export-ModuleMember captures and saves information about the PSSession in the module that it exports. If the PSSession from which the commands were exported is closed when you import the module, and there are no active PSSessions to the same computer, the commands in the module attempt to recreate the PSSession. If attempts to recreate the PSSession fail, the exported commands will not run.

The session information that Export-ModuleMember captures and saves in the module does not include session options, such as those that you specify in the $PSSessionOption preference variable or by using the SessionOption parameter of the New-PSSession, Enter-PSSession, or Invoke-Command cmdlets. If the original PSSession is closed when you import the module, the module will use another PSSession to the same computer, if one is available. To enable the imported commands to run in a correctly configured session, create a PSSession with the options that you want before you import the module.

To find the commands to export, Export-PSSession uses the Invoke-Command cmdlet to run a Get-Command command in the PSSession. To get and save formatting data for the commands, it uses the Get-FormatData and Export-FormatData cmdlets. You might see error messages from Invoke-Command, Get-Command, Get-FormatData, and Export-FormatData when you run an Export-PSSession command. Also, Export-PSSession cannot export commands from a session that does not include the Get-Command, Get-FormatData, Select-Object, and Get-Help cmdlets.

Export-PSSession uses the Write-Progress cmdlet to display the progress of the command. You might see the progress bar while the command is running.

Exported commands have the same limitations as other remote commands, including the inability to start a program with a user interface, such as Notepad.

Because PowerShell profiles are not run in PSSessions, the commands that a profile adds to a session are not available to Export-PSSession. To export commands from a profile, use an Invoke-Command command to run the profile in the PSSession manually before exporting commands.

The module that Export-PSSession creates might include a formatting file, even if the command does not import formatting data. If the command does not import formatting data, any formatting files that are created will not contain formatting data.