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SSL/TLS connectivity in Azure Database for MySQL

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APPLIES TO: Azure Database for MySQL - Single Server

Important

Azure Database for MySQL single server is on the retirement path. We strongly recommend that you upgrade to Azure Database for MySQL flexible server. For more information about migrating to Azure Database for MySQL flexible server, see What's happening to Azure Database for MySQL Single Server?

Azure Database for MySQL supports connecting your database server to client applications using Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). Enforcing SSL connections between your database server and your client applications helps protect against "man in the middle" attacks by encrypting the data stream between the server and your application.

Note

Updating the require_secure_transport server parameter value does not affect the MySQL service's behavior. Use the SSL and TLS enforcement features outlined in this article to secure connections to your database.

Note

Based on the feedback from customers we have extended the root certificate deprecation for our existing Baltimore Root CA till February 15, 2021 (02/15/2021).

Important

SSL root certificate is set to expire starting February 15, 2021 (02/15/2021). Please update your application to use the new certificate. To learn more , see planned certificate updates

SSL Default settings

By default, the database service should be configured to require SSL connections when connecting to MySQL. We recommend to avoid disabling the SSL option whenever possible.

When provisioning a new Azure Database for MySQL server through the Azure portal and CLI, enforcement of SSL connections is enabled by default.

Connection strings for various programming languages are shown in the Azure portal. Those connection strings include the required SSL parameters to connect to your database. In the Azure portal, select your server. Under the Settings heading, select the Connection strings. The SSL parameter varies based on the connector, for example "ssl=true" or "sslmode=require" or "sslmode=required" and other variations.

In some cases, applications require a local certificate file generated from a trusted Certificate Authority (CA) certificate file to connect securely. Currently customers can only use the predefined certificate to connect to an Azure Database for MySQL server, which is located at https://cacerts.digicert.com/DigiCertGlobalRootG2.crt.pem.

Similarly, the following links point to the certificates for servers in sovereign clouds: Azure Government, Microsoft Azure operated by 21Vianet, and Azure Germany.

To learn how to enable or disable SSL connection when developing application, refer to How to configure SSL.

TLS enforcement in Azure Database for MySQL

Azure Database for MySQL supports encryption for clients connecting to your database server using Transport Layer Security (TLS). TLS is an industry standard protocol that ensures secure network connections between your database server and client applications, allowing you to adhere to compliance requirements.

TLS settings

Azure Database for MySQL provides the ability to enforce the TLS version for the client connections. To enforce the TLS version, use the Minimum TLS version option setting. The following values are allowed for this option setting:

Minimum TLS setting Client TLS version supported
TLSEnforcementDisabled (default) No TLS required
TLS1_0 TLS 1.0, TLS 1.1, TLS 1.2 and higher
TLS1_1 TLS 1.1, TLS 1.2 and higher
TLS1_2 TLS version 1.2 and higher

For example, setting the value of minimum TLS setting version to TLS 1.0 means your server allows connections from clients using TLS 1.0, 1.1, and 1.2+. Alternatively, setting this to 1.2 means that you only allow connections from clients using TLS 1.2+ and all connections with TLS 1.0 and TLS 1.1 will be rejected.

Note

By default, Azure Database for MySQL does not enforce a minimum TLS version (the setting TLSEnforcementDisabled).

Once you enforce a minimum TLS version, you cannot later disable minimum version enforcement.

The minimum TLS version setting doesn't require any restart of the server can be set while the server is online. To learn how to set the TLS setting for your Azure Database for MySQL, refer to How to configure TLS setting.

Cipher support by Azure Database for MySQL single server

As part of the SSL/TLS communication, the cipher suites are validated and only support cipher suits are allowed to communicate to the database server. The cipher suite validation is controlled in the gateway layer and not explicitly on the node itself. If the cipher suites don't match one of suites listed below, incoming client connections will be rejected.

Cipher suite supported

  • TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
  • TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256
  • TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384
  • TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256

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