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strcmp, wcscmp, _mbscmp, _mbscmp_l

  • Bài viết

Compare strings.

Important

_mbscmp and _mbscmp_l cannot be used in applications that execute in the Windows Runtime. For more information, see CRT functions not supported in Universal Windows Platform apps.

Syntax

int strcmp(
   const char *string1,
   const char *string2
);
int wcscmp(
   const wchar_t *string1,
   const wchar_t *string2
);
int _mbscmp(
   const unsigned char *string1,
   const unsigned char *string2
);
int _mbscmp_l(
   const unsigned char *string1,
   const unsigned char *string2,
   _locale_t locale
);

Parameters

string1, string2
Null-terminated strings to compare.

locale
Locale to use.

Return value

The return value for each of these functions indicates the ordinal relation of string1 to string2.

Value Relationship of string1 to string2
< 0 string1 is less than string2
0 string1 is identical to string2
> 0 string1 is greater than string2

On a parameter validation error, _mbscmp and _mbscmp_l return _NLSCMPERROR, which is defined in <string.h> and <mbstring.h>.

Remarks

The strcmp function performs an ordinal comparison of string1 and string2 and returns a value that indicates their relationship. wcscmp and _mbscmp are, respectively, wide-character and multibyte-character versions of strcmp. _mbscmp recognizes multibyte-character sequences according to the current multibyte code page and returns _NLSCMPERROR on an error. _mbscmp_l has the same behavior, but uses the locale parameter that's passed in instead of the current locale. For more information, see Code pages. Also, if string1 or string2 is a null pointer, _mbscmp invokes the invalid parameter handler, as described in Parameter validation. If execution is allowed to continue, _mbscmp and _mbscmp_l return _NLSCMPERROR and set errno to EINVAL. strcmp and wcscmp don't validate their parameters. These functions behave identically otherwise.

By default, this function's global state is scoped to the application. To change this behavior, see Global state in the CRT.

Generic-text routine mappings

TCHAR.H routine _UNICODE and _MBCS not defined _MBCS defined _UNICODE defined
_tcscmp strcmp _mbscmp wcscmp

The strcmp functions differ from the strcoll functions in that strcmp comparisons are ordinal, and aren't affected by locale. strcoll compares strings lexicographically by using the LC_COLLATE category of the current locale. For more information about the LC_COLLATE category, see setlocale, _wsetlocale.

In the "C" locale, the order of characters in the character set (ASCII character set) is the same as the lexicographic character order. However, in other locales, the order of characters in the character set may differ from the lexicographic order. For example, in certain European locales, the character 'a' (value 0x61) comes before the character 'ä' (value 0xE4) in the character set, but the character 'ä' comes in front of the character 'a' lexicographically.

In locales for which the character set and the lexicographic character order differ, you can use strcoll instead of strcmp for lexicographic comparison of strings. Alternatively, you can use strxfrm on the original strings, and then use strcmp on the resulting strings.

The strcmp functions are case-sensitive. _stricmp, _wcsicmp, and _mbsicmp compare strings by first converting them to their lowercase forms. Two strings that contain characters that are located between 'Z' and 'a' in the ASCII table ('[', '\\', ']', '^', '_', and '`') compare differently, depending on their case. For example, the two strings "ABCDE" and "ABCD^" compare one way if the comparison is lowercase ("abcde" > "abcd^") and the other way ("ABCDE" < "ABCD^") if the comparison is uppercase.

Requirements

Routine Required header
strcmp <string.h>
wcscmp <string.h> or <wchar.h>
_mbscmp <mbstring.h>

For more compatibility information, see Compatibility.

Libraries

All versions of the C run-time libraries.

Example

// crt_strcmp.c

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

char string1[] = "The quick brown dog jumps over the lazy fox";
char string2[] = "The QUICK brown dog jumps over the lazy fox";

int main( void )
{
   char tmp[20];
   int result;

   // Case sensitive
   printf( "Compare strings:\n   %s\n   %s\n\n", string1, string2 );
   result = strcmp( string1, string2 );
   if( result > 0 )
      strcpy_s( tmp, _countof(tmp), "greater than" );
   else if( result < 0 )
      strcpy_s( tmp, _countof (tmp), "less than" );
   else
      strcpy_s( tmp, _countof (tmp), "equal to" );
   printf( "   strcmp:   String 1 is %s string 2\n", tmp );

   // Case insensitive (could use equivalent _stricmp)
   result = _stricmp( string1, string2 );
   if( result > 0 )
      strcpy_s( tmp, _countof (tmp), "greater than" );
   else if( result < 0 )
      strcpy_s( tmp, _countof (tmp), "less than" );
   else
      strcpy_s( tmp, _countof (tmp), "equal to" );
   printf( "   _stricmp:  String 1 is %s string 2\n", tmp );
}

Compare strings:
   The quick brown dog jumps over the lazy fox
   The QUICK brown dog jumps over the lazy fox

   strcmp:   String 1 is greater than string 2
   _stricmp:  String 1 is equal to string 2

See also

String manipulation
memcmp, wmemcmp
_memicmp, _memicmp_l
strcoll functions
_stricmp, _wcsicmp, _mbsicmp, _stricmp_l, _wcsicmp_l, _mbsicmp_l
strncmp, wcsncmp, _mbsncmp, _mbsncmp_l
_strnicmp, _wcsnicmp, _mbsnicmp, _strnicmp_l, _wcsnicmp_l, _mbsnicmp_l
strrchr, wcsrchr, _mbsrchr, _mbsrchr_l
strspn, wcsspn, _mbsspn, _mbsspn_l
strxfrm, wcsxfrm, _strxfrm_l, _wcsxfrm_l