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EventPipe

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EventPipe is a runtime component that can be used to collect tracing data, similar to ETW or perf_events. The goal of EventPipe is to allow .NET developers to easily trace their .NET applications without having to rely on platform-specific high-privilege components such as ETW or perf_events.

EventPipe is the mechanism behind many of the diagnostic tools and can be used for consuming events emitted by the runtime as well as custom events written with EventSource.

This article is a high-level overview of EventPipe. It describes when and how to use EventPipe, and how to configure it to best suit your needs.

EventPipe basics

EventPipe aggregates events emitted by runtime components - for example, the Just-In-Time compiler or the garbage collector - and events written from EventSource instances in the libraries and user code.

The events are then serialized in the .nettrace file format and can be written directly to a file or streamed through a diagnostic port for out-of-process consumption.

To learn more about the EventPipe serialization format, refer to the EventPipe format documentation.

EventPipe vs. ETW/perf_events

EventPipe is part of the .NET runtime and is designed to work the same way across all the platforms .NET Core supports. This allows tracing tools based on EventPipe, such as dotnet-counters, dotnet-gcdump, and dotnet-trace, to work seamlessly across platforms.

However, because EventPipe is a runtime built-in component, its scope is limited to managed code and the runtime itself. EventPipe events include stacktraces with managed code frame information only. If you want events generated from other unmanaged user-mode libraries, CPU sampling for native code, or kernel events you should use OS-specific tracing tools such as ETW or perf_events. On Linux the perfcollect tool helps automate using perf_events and LTTng.

Another major difference between EventPipe and ETW/perf_events is admin/root privilege requirement. To trace an application using ETW or perf_events you need to be an admin/root. Using EventPipe, you can trace applications as long as the tracer (for example, dotnet-trace) is run as the same user as the user that launched the application.

The following table is a summary of the differences between EventPipe and ETW/perf_events.

Feature EventPipe ETW perf_events
Cross-platform Yes No (only on Windows) No (only on supported Linux distros)
Require admin/root privilege No Yes Yes
Can get OS/kernel events No Yes Yes
Can resolve native callstacks No Yes Yes

Use EventPipe to trace your .NET application

You can use EventPipe to trace your .NET application in many ways:

After you've produced a nettrace file that contains your EventPipe events, you can view the file in PerfView or Visual Studio. On non-Windows platforms, you can convert the nettrace file to a speedscope or Chromium trace format by using dotnet-trace convert command and view it with speedscope or Chrome DevTools.

You can also analyze EventPipe traces programmatically with TraceEvent.

Tools that use EventPipe

This is the easiest way to use EventPipe to trace your application. To learn more about how to use each of these tools, refer to each tool's documentation.

  • dotnet-counters lets you monitor and collect various metrics emitted by the .NET runtime and core libraries, as well as custom metrics you can write.

  • dotnet-gcdump lets you collect GC heap dumps of live processes for analyzing an application's managed heap.

  • dotnet-trace lets you collect traces of applications to analyze for performance.

Trace using environment variables

The preferred mechanism for using EventPipe is to use dotnet-trace or the Microsoft.Diagnostics.NETCore.Client library.

However, you can use the following environment variables to set up an EventPipe session on an app and have it write the trace directly to a file. To stop tracing, exit the application.

  • DOTNET_EnableEventPipe: Set this to 1 to start an EventPipe session that writes directly to a file. The default value is 0.

  • DOTNET_EventPipeOutputPath: The path to the output EventPipe trace file when it's configured to run via DOTNET_EnableEventPipe. The default value is trace.nettrace, which will be created in the same directory that the app is running from.

    Note

    Since .NET 6, instances of the string {pid} in DOTNET_EventPipeOutputPath are replaced with the process id of the process being traced.

  • DOTNET_EventPipeCircularMB: A hexadecimal value that represents the size of EventPipe's internal buffer in megabytes. This configuration value is only used when EventPipe is configured to run via DOTNET_EnableEventPipe. The default buffer size is 1024MB which translates to this environment variable being set to 400, since 0x400 == 1024.

    Note

    If the target process writes events too frequently, it can overflow this buffer and some events might be dropped. If too many events are getting dropped, increase the buffer size to see if the number of dropped events reduces. If the number of dropped events does not decrease with a larger buffer size, it may be due to a slow reader preventing the target process' buffers from being flushed.

  • DOTNET_EventPipeProcNumbers: Set this to 1 to enable capturing processor numbers in EventPipe event headers. The default value is 0.

  • DOTNET_EventPipeConfig: Sets up the EventPipe session configuration when starting an EventPipe session with DOTNET_EnableEventPipe. The syntax is as follows:

    <provider>:<keyword>:<level>

    You can also specify multiple providers by concatenating them with a comma:

    <provider1>:<keyword1>:<level1>,<provider2>:<keyword2>:<level2>

    If this environment variable is not set but EventPipe is enabled by DOTNET_EnableEventPipe, it will start tracing by enabling the following providers with the following keywords and levels:

    • Microsoft-Windows-DotNETRuntime:4c14fccbd:5
    • Microsoft-Windows-DotNETRuntimePrivate:4002000b:5
    • Microsoft-DotNETCore-SampleProfiler:0:5

    To learn more about some of the well-known providers in .NET, refer to Well-known Event Providers.

Note

.NET 6 standardizes on the prefix DOTNET_ instead of COMPlus_ for environment variables that configure .NET run-time behavior. However, the COMPlus_ prefix will continue to work. If you're using a previous version of the .NET runtime, you should still use the COMPlus_ prefix for environment variables.