Create a Universal Windows Platform console app

This topic describes how to create a C++/WinRT or C++/CX Universal Windows Platform (UWP) console app.

Note

The Console App (Universal) Project Templates extension does not support Visual Studio 2022. Either Visual Studio 2017 or Visual Studio 2019 is required to install and use these templates.

Starting with Windows 10, version 1803, you can write C++/WinRT or C++/CX UWP console apps that run in a console window, such as a DOS or PowerShell console window. Console apps use the console window for input and output, and can use Universal C Runtime functions such as printf and getchar. UWP console apps can be published to the Microsoft Store. They have an entry in the app list, and a primary tile that can be pinned to the Start menu. UWP console apps can be launched from the Start menu, though you will typically launch them from the command-line.

To see one in action, here's a video about Creating a UWP Console App.

Use a UWP Console app template

To create a UWP console app, first install the Console App (Universal) Project Templates, available from the Visual Studio Marketplace. The installed templates are then available under New Project > Installed > Other Languages > Visual C++ > Windows Universal as Console App C++/WinRT (Universal Windows) and Console App C++/CX (Universal Windows).

Add your code to main()

The templates add Program.cpp, which contains the main() function. This is where execution begins in a UWP console app. Access the command-line arguments with the __argc and __argv parameters. The UWP console app exits when control returns from main().

The following example of Program.cpp is added by the Console App C++/WinRT template:

#include "pch.h"

using namespace winrt;

// This example code shows how you could implement the required main function
// for a Console UWP Application. You can replace all the code inside main
// with your own custom code.

int __cdecl main()
{
    // You can get parsed command-line arguments from the CRT globals.
    wprintf(L"Parsed command-line arguments:\n");
    for (int i = 0; i < __argc; i++)
    {
        wprintf(L"__argv[%d] = %S\n", i, __argv[i]);
    }

    // Keep the console window alive in case you want to see console output when running from within Visual Studio
    wprintf(L"Press 'Enter' to continue: ");
    getchar();
}

UWP Console app behavior

A UWP Console app can access the file-system from the directory it is run from, and below. This is possible because the template adds the AppExecutionAlias extension to your app's Package.appxmanifest file. This extension also enables the user to type the alias from a console window to launch the app. The app does not need to be in the system path to launch.

You can additionally give broad access to the file system to your UWP console app by adding the restricted capability broadFileSystemAccess as described in File access permissions. This capability works with APIs in the Windows.Storage namespace.

More than one instance of a UWP Console app can run at a time because the template adds the SupportsMultipleInstances capability to your app's Package.appxmanifest file.

The template also adds the Subsystem="console" capability to the Package.appxmanifest file, which denotes that this UWP app is a console app. Note the desktop4 and iot2 namespace prefixes. UWP Console apps are only supported on desktop and Internet of Things (IoT) projects.

<Package
  ...
  xmlns:desktop4="http://schemas.microsoft.com/appx/manifest/desktop/windows10/4" 
  xmlns:iot2="http://schemas.microsoft.com/appx/manifest/iot/windows10/2" 
  IgnorableNamespaces="uap mp uap5 desktop4 iot2">
  ...
  <Applications>
    <Application Id="App"
    ...
      desktop4:Subsystem="console" 
      desktop4:SupportsMultipleInstances="true" 
      iot2:Subsystem="console" 
      iot2:SupportsMultipleInstances="true"  >
      ...
      <Extensions>
          <uap5:Extension 
            Category="windows.appExecutionAlias" 
            Executable="YourApp.exe" 
            EntryPoint="YourApp.App">
            <uap5:AppExecutionAlias desktop4:Subsystem="console">
              <uap5:ExecutionAlias Alias="YourApp.exe" />
            </uap5:AppExecutionAlias>
          </uap5:Extension>
      </Extensions>
    </Application>
  </Applications>
    ...
</Package>

Additional considerations for UWP console apps

• Only C++/WinRT and C++/CX UWP apps may be console apps.
• UWP Console apps must target the Desktop, or IoT project type.
• UWP console apps may not create a window. They cannot use MessageBox(), or Location(), or any other API that may create a window for any reason, such as user consent prompts.
• UWP console apps may not consume background tasks nor serve as a background task.
• With the exception of Command-Line activation, UWP console apps do not support activation contracts, including file association, protocol association, etc.
• Although UWP console apps support multi-instancing, they do not support Multi-instancing redirection
• For a list of Win32 APIs that are available to UWP apps, see Win32 and COM APIs for UWP apps