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使用 PowerShell 将数据库添加到故障转移组

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适用于：Azure SQL 数据库

此 PowerShell 脚本示例创建一个 Azure SQL 数据库中的单一数据库，创建一个故障转移组，向其中添加该数据库，然后测试故障转移。

如果没有 Azure 订阅，请在开始之前创建一个 Azure 免费帐户。

注意

本文使用 Azure Az PowerShell 模块，这是与 Azure 交互时推荐使用的 PowerShell 模块。 若要开始使用 Az PowerShell 模块，请参阅安装 Azure PowerShell。 若要了解如何迁移到 Az PowerShell 模块，请参阅 将 Azure PowerShell 从 AzureRM 迁移到 Az。

使用 Azure Cloud Shell

Azure 托管 Azure Cloud Shell（一个可通过浏览器使用的交互式 shell 环境）。 可以将 Bash 或 PowerShell 与 Cloud Shell 配合使用来使用 Azure 服务。 可以使用 Cloud Shell 预安装的命令来运行本文中的代码，而不必在本地环境中安装任何内容。

若要启动 Azure Cloud Shell，请执行以下操作：

选项 示例/链接
选择代码块右上角的试用。 选择试用不会自动将代码复制到 Cloud Shell。 Screenshot that shows an example of Try It for Azure Cloud Shell.
转到 https://shell.azure.com 或选择启动 Cloud Shell 按钮可在浏览器中打开 Cloud Shell。 Screenshot that shows how to launch Cloud Shell in a new window.
选择 Azure 门户右上角菜单栏上的 Cloud Shell 按钮。 Screenshot that shows the Cloud Shell button in the Azure portal

若要在 Azure Cloud Shell 中运行本文中的代码，请执行以下操作：

  1. 启动 Cloud Shell。

  2. 选择代码块上的复制按钮以复制代码。

  3. 在 Windows 和 Linux 上选择 Ctrl+Shift+V，或在 macOS 上选择 Cmd+Shift+V 将代码粘贴到 Cloud Shell 会话中。

  4. 选择 Enter 运行此代码。

如果选择在本地安装并使用 PowerShell，则本教程需要 Az PowerShell 1.4.0 或更高版本。 如果需要进行升级，请参阅安装 Azure PowerShell 模块。 如果在本地运行 PowerShell，则还需运行 Connect-AzAccount 以创建与 Azure 的连接。

示例脚本

# Add a single Azure SQL Database to a failover group

# Set variables for your server and database
$subscriptionId = '<SubscriptionID>'
$randomIdentifier = $(Get-Random)
$resourceGroupName = "myResourceGroup-$randomIdentifier"
$location = "West US 2"
$adminLogin = "azureuser"
$password = "PWD27!"+(New-Guid).Guid
$serverName = "mysqlserver-$randomIdentifier"
$databaseName = "mySampleDatabase"
$drLocation = "East US 2"
$drServerName = "mysqlsecondary-$randomIdentifier"
$failoverGroupName = "failovergrouptutorial-$randomIdentifier"


# The ip address range that you want to allow to access your server 
# Leaving at 0.0.0.0 will prevent outside-of-azure connections
$startIp = "0.0.0.0"
$endIp = "0.0.0.0"

# Show randomized variables
Write-host "Resource group name is" $resourceGroupName 
Write-host "Password is" $password  
Write-host "Server name is" $serverName 
Write-host "DR Server name is" $drServerName 
Write-host "Failover group name is" $failoverGroupName



# Set subscription ID
Set-AzContext -SubscriptionId $subscriptionId

# Create a resource group
Write-host "Creating resource group..."
$resourceGroup = New-AzResourceGroup -Name $resourceGroupName -Location $location -Tag @{Owner="SQLDB-Samples"}
$resourceGroup



# Create a server with a system wide unique server name
Write-host "Creating primary logical server..."
$server = New-AzSqlServer -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName `
   -ServerName $serverName `
   -Location $location `
   -SqlAdministratorCredentials $(New-Object -TypeName System.Management.Automation.PSCredential `
   -ArgumentList $adminLogin, $(ConvertTo-SecureString -String $password -AsPlainText -Force))
$server

# Create a server firewall rule that allows access from the specified IP range
Write-host "Configuring firewall for primary logical server..."
$serverFirewallRule = New-AzSqlServerFirewallRule -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName `
   -ServerName $serverName `
   -FirewallRuleName "AllowedIPs" -StartIpAddress $startIp -EndIpAddress $endIp
$serverFirewallRule

# Create General Purpose Gen5 database with 2 vCore
Write-host "Creating a gen5 2 vCore database..."
$database = New-AzSqlDatabase  -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName `
   -ServerName $serverName `
   -DatabaseName $databaseName `
   -Edition GeneralPurpose `
   -VCore 2 `
   -ComputeGeneration Gen5 `
   -MinimumCapacity 2 `
   -SampleName "AdventureWorksLT"
$database



# Create a secondary server in the failover region
Write-host "Creating a secondary logical server in the failover region..."
$drServer = New-AzSqlServer -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName `
   -ServerName $drServerName `
   -Location $drLocation `
   -SqlAdministratorCredentials $(New-Object -TypeName System.Management.Automation.PSCredential `
      -ArgumentList $adminlogin, $(ConvertTo-SecureString -String $password -AsPlainText -Force))
$drServer



# Create a failover group between the servers
$failovergroup = Write-host "Creating a failover group between the primary and secondary server..."
New-AzSqlDatabaseFailoverGroup `
   –ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName `
   -ServerName $serverName `
   -PartnerServerName $drServerName  `
   –FailoverGroupName $failoverGroupName `
   –FailoverPolicy Manual
$failovergroup


# Add the database to the failover group
Write-host "Adding the database to the failover group..." 
Get-AzSqlDatabase `
   -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName `
   -ServerName $serverName `
   -DatabaseName $databaseName | `
Add-AzSqlDatabaseToFailoverGroup `
   -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName `
   -ServerName $serverName `
   -FailoverGroupName $failoverGroupName
Write-host "Successfully added the database to the failover group..." 



# Check role of secondary replica
Write-host "Confirming the secondary replica is secondary...." 
(Get-AzSqlDatabaseFailoverGroup `
   -FailoverGroupName $failoverGroupName `
   -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName `
   -ServerName $drServerName).ReplicationRole




# Failover to secondary server
Write-host "Failing over failover group to the secondary..." 
Switch-AzSqlDatabaseFailoverGroup `
   -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName `
   -ServerName $drServerName `
   -FailoverGroupName $failoverGroupName
Write-host "Failed failover group successfully to" $drServerName 

Write-host "Confirming the secondary server is now primary...." 
(Get-AzSqlDatabaseFailoverGroup `
   -FailoverGroupName $failoverGroupName `
   -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName `
   -ServerName $drServerName).ReplicationRole



# Revert failover to primary server
Write-host "Failing over failover group to the primary...." 
Switch-AzSqlDatabaseFailoverGroup `
   -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName `
   -ServerName $serverName `
   -FailoverGroupName $failoverGroupName
Write-host "Failed failover group successfully back to" $serverName


# Show randomized variables
Write-host "Resource group name is" $resourceGroupName 
Write-host "Password is" $password  
Write-host "Server name is" $serverName 
Write-host "DR Server name is" $drServerName 
Write-host "Failover group name is" $failoverGroupName

# Clean up resources by removing the resource group
# Write-host "Removing resource group..."
# Remove-AzResourceGroup -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName
# Write-host "Resource group removed =" $resourceGroupName

清理部署

使用以下命令删除资源组及其相关的所有资源。

Remove-AzResourceGroup -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName

脚本说明

此脚本使用以下命令。 表中的每条命令均链接到特定于命令的文档。

命令 注释
New-AzResourceGroup 创建用于存储所有资源的资源组。
New-AzSqlServer 创建服务器。
New-AzSqlServerFirewallRule 为服务器创建服务器级防火墙规则。
New-AzSqlDatabase 创建新数据库。
New-AzSqlDatabaseFailoverGroup 新建故障转移组。
Get-AzSqlDatabase 获取一个或多个数据库。
Add-AzSqlDatabaseToFailoverGroup 将一个或多个数据库添加到故障转移组。
Get-AzSqlDatabaseFailoverGroup 获取或列出故障转移组。
Switch-AzSqlDatabaseFailoverGroup 执行故障转移组的故障转移。
Remove-AzResourceGroup 删除资源组

后续步骤

有关 Azure PowerShell 的详细信息，请参阅 Azure PowerShell 文档。

可以在 Azure SQL 数据库 PowerShell 脚本中找到更多 SQL 数据库 PowerShell 脚本示例。