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使用 PowerShell 将数据库添加到故障转移组

项目
12/23/2023

此 PowerShell 脚本示例创建一个 Azure SQL 数据库中的单一数据库，创建一个故障转移组，向其中添加该数据库，然后测试故障转移。

如果没有 Azure 订阅，请在开始之前创建一个 Azure 免费帐户。

注意

本文使用 Azure Az PowerShell 模块，这是与 Azure 交互时推荐使用的 PowerShell 模块。若要开始使用 Az PowerShell 模块，请参阅安装 Azure PowerShell。若要了解如何迁移到 Az PowerShell 模块，请参阅将 Azure PowerShell 从 AzureRM 迁移到 Az。

使用 Azure Cloud Shell

Azure 托管 Azure Cloud Shell（一个可通过浏览器使用的交互式 shell 环境）。可以将 Bash 或 PowerShell 与 Cloud Shell 配合使用来使用 Azure 服务。可以使用 Cloud Shell 预安装的命令来运行本文中的代码，而不必在本地环境中安装任何内容。

若要启动 Azure Cloud Shell，请执行以下操作：

选项	示例/链接
选择代码块右上角的“试用”。选择“试用”不会自动将代码复制到 Cloud Shell。
转到 https://shell.azure.com 或选择“启动 Cloud Shell”按钮可在浏览器中打开 Cloud Shell。
选择 Azure 门户右上角菜单栏上的 Cloud Shell 按钮。

若要在 Azure Cloud Shell 中运行本文中的代码，请执行以下操作：

启动 Cloud Shell。
选择代码块上的复制按钮以复制代码。
在 Windows 和 Linux 上选择 Ctrl+Shift+V，或在 macOS 上选择 Cmd+Shift+V 将代码粘贴到 Cloud Shell 会话中。
选择 Enter 运行此代码。

如果选择在本地安装并使用 PowerShell，则本教程需要 Az PowerShell 1.4.0 或更高版本。如果需要进行升级，请参阅安装 Azure PowerShell 模块。如果在本地运行 PowerShell，则还需运行 Connect-AzAccount 以创建与 Azure 的连接。

示例脚本

# Add a single Azure SQL Database to a failover group

# Set variables for your server and database
$subscriptionId = '<SubscriptionID>'
$randomIdentifier = $(Get-Random)
$resourceGroupName = "myResourceGroup-$randomIdentifier"
$location = "West US 2"
$adminLogin = "azureuser"
$password = "PWD27!"+(New-Guid).Guid
$serverName = "mysqlserver-$randomIdentifier"
$databaseName = "mySampleDatabase"
$drLocation = "East US 2"
$drServerName = "mysqlsecondary-$randomIdentifier"
$failoverGroupName = "failovergrouptutorial-$randomIdentifier"


# The ip address range that you want to allow to access your server 
# Leaving at 0.0.0.0 will prevent outside-of-azure connections
$startIp = "0.0.0.0"
$endIp = "0.0.0.0"

# Show randomized variables
Write-host "Resource group name is" $resourceGroupName 
Write-host "Password is" $password  
Write-host "Server name is" $serverName 
Write-host "DR Server name is" $drServerName 
Write-host "Failover group name is" $failoverGroupName



# Set subscription ID
Set-AzContext -SubscriptionId $subscriptionId

# Create a resource group
Write-host "Creating resource group..."
$resourceGroup = New-AzResourceGroup -Name $resourceGroupName -Location $location -Tag @{Owner="SQLDB-Samples"}
$resourceGroup



# Create a server with a system wide unique server name
Write-host "Creating primary logical server..."
$server = New-AzSqlServer -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName `
   -ServerName $serverName `
   -Location $location `
   -SqlAdministratorCredentials $(New-Object -TypeName System.Management.Automation.PSCredential `
   -ArgumentList $adminLogin, $(ConvertTo-SecureString -String $password -AsPlainText -Force))
$server

# Create a server firewall rule that allows access from the specified IP range
Write-host "Configuring firewall for primary logical server..."
$serverFirewallRule = New-AzSqlServerFirewallRule -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName `
   -ServerName $serverName `
   -FirewallRuleName "AllowedIPs" -StartIpAddress $startIp -EndIpAddress $endIp
$serverFirewallRule

# Create General Purpose Gen5 database with 2 vCore
Write-host "Creating a gen5 2 vCore database..."
$database = New-AzSqlDatabase  -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName `
   -ServerName $serverName `
   -DatabaseName $databaseName `
   -Edition GeneralPurpose `
   -VCore 2 `
   -ComputeGeneration Gen5 `
   -MinimumCapacity 2 `
   -SampleName "AdventureWorksLT"
$database



# Create a secondary server in the failover region
Write-host "Creating a secondary logical server in the failover region..."
$drServer = New-AzSqlServer -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName `
   -ServerName $drServerName `
   -Location $drLocation `
   -SqlAdministratorCredentials $(New-Object -TypeName System.Management.Automation.PSCredential `
      -ArgumentList $adminlogin, $(ConvertTo-SecureString -String $password -AsPlainText -Force))
$drServer



# Create a failover group between the servers
$failovergroup = Write-host "Creating a failover group between the primary and secondary server..."
New-AzSqlDatabaseFailoverGroup `
   –ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName `
   -ServerName $serverName `
   -PartnerServerName $drServerName  `
   –FailoverGroupName $failoverGroupName `
   –FailoverPolicy Manual
$failovergroup


# Add the database to the failover group
Write-host "Adding the database to the failover group..." 
Get-AzSqlDatabase `
   -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName `
   -ServerName $serverName `
   -DatabaseName $databaseName | `
Add-AzSqlDatabaseToFailoverGroup `
   -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName `
   -ServerName $serverName `
   -FailoverGroupName $failoverGroupName
Write-host "Successfully added the database to the failover group..." 



# Check role of secondary replica
Write-host "Confirming the secondary replica is secondary...." 
(Get-AzSqlDatabaseFailoverGroup `
   -FailoverGroupName $failoverGroupName `
   -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName `
   -ServerName $drServerName).ReplicationRole




# Failover to secondary server
Write-host "Failing over failover group to the secondary..." 
Switch-AzSqlDatabaseFailoverGroup `
   -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName `
   -ServerName $drServerName `
   -FailoverGroupName $failoverGroupName
Write-host "Failed failover group successfully to" $drServerName 

Write-host "Confirming the secondary server is now primary...." 
(Get-AzSqlDatabaseFailoverGroup `
   -FailoverGroupName $failoverGroupName `
   -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName `
   -ServerName $drServerName).ReplicationRole



# Revert failover to primary server
Write-host "Failing over failover group to the primary...." 
Switch-AzSqlDatabaseFailoverGroup `
   -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName `
   -ServerName $serverName `
   -FailoverGroupName $failoverGroupName
Write-host "Failed failover group successfully back to" $serverName


# Show randomized variables
Write-host "Resource group name is" $resourceGroupName 
Write-host "Password is" $password  
Write-host "Server name is" $serverName 
Write-host "DR Server name is" $drServerName 
Write-host "Failover group name is" $failoverGroupName

# Clean up resources by removing the resource group
# Write-host "Removing resource group..."
# Remove-AzResourceGroup -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName
# Write-host "Resource group removed =" $resourceGroupName

清理部署

使用以下命令删除资源组及其相关的所有资源。

Remove-AzResourceGroup -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName

脚本说明

此脚本使用以下命令。表中的每条命令均链接到特定于命令的文档。

命令	注释
New-AzResourceGroup	创建用于存储所有资源的资源组。
New-AzSqlServer	创建服务器。
New-AzSqlServerFirewallRule	为服务器创建服务器级防火墙规则。
New-AzSqlDatabase	创建新数据库。
New-AzSqlDatabaseFailoverGroup	新建故障转移组。
Get-AzSqlDatabase	获取一个或多个数据库。
Add-AzSqlDatabaseToFailoverGroup	将一个或多个数据库添加到故障转移组。
Get-AzSqlDatabaseFailoverGroup	获取或列出故障转移组。
Switch-AzSqlDatabaseFailoverGroup	执行故障转移组的故障转移。
Remove-AzResourceGroup	删除资源组

后续步骤

有关 Azure PowerShell 的详细信息，请参阅 Azure PowerShell 文档。

可以在 Azure SQL 数据库 PowerShell 脚本中找到更多 SQL 数据库 PowerShell 脚本示例。

通过