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适用对象:
MongoDB vCore
运算符 $year
将日期的年份作为四位数(例如 2024 年)返回。 如果日期为 null 或缺失, $year
则返回 null。
语法
$year
运算符的语法如下:
{
$year: <dateExpression>
}
或者,使用时区规范:
{
$year: {
date: <dateExpression>,
timezone: <timezoneExpression>
}
}
参数
DESCRIPTION | |
---|---|
dateExpression |
解析为 Date、Timestamp 或 ObjectId 的任何表达式。 |
timezone |
可选。 用于计算的时区。 可以是 Olson 时区标识符(例如“美国/New_York”)或 UTC 偏移量(例如“+0530”)。 |
示例:
让我们了解数据集中示例 JSON 的 stores
用法。
{
"_id": "905d1939-e03a-413e-a9c4-221f74055aac",
"name": "Trey Research | Home Office Depot - Lake Freeda",
"location": { "lat": -48.9752, "lon": -141.6816 },
"staff": { "employeeCount": { "fullTime": 12, "partTime": 19 } },
"sales": {
"salesByCategory": [ { "categoryName": "Desk Lamps", "totalSales": 37978 } ],
"revenue": 37978
},
"promotionEvents": [
{
"eventName": "Crazy Deal Days",
"promotionalDates": {
"startDate": { "Year": 2023, "Month": 9, "Day": 27 },
"endDate": { "Year": 2023, "Month": 10, "Day": 4 }
},
"discounts": [
{ "categoryName": "Desks", "discountPercentage": 22 },
{ "categoryName": "Filing Cabinets", "discountPercentage": 23 }
]
}
],
"company": "Trey Research",
"city": "Lake Freeda",
"storeOpeningDate": "2024-12-30T22:55:25.779Z",
"lastUpdated": { "t": 1729983325, "i": 1 }
}
示例 1:从商店开张日期提取年份
该示例提取打开商店时的年份。
db.stores.aggregate([
{ $match: { "_id": "905d1939-e03a-413e-a9c4-221f74055aac" } },
{
$project: {
name: 1,
storeOpeningDate: 1,
openingYear: { $year: { $toDate: "$storeOpeningDate" } }
}
}
])
查询返回打开存储的年份。
{
"_id": "905d1939-e03a-413e-a9c4-221f74055aac",
"name": "Trey Research | Home Office Depot - Lake Freeda",
"storeOpeningDate": "2024-12-30T22:55:25.779Z",
"openingYear": 2024
}
示例 2:查找在特定年份打开的商店
此示例查找在特定年份中打开的所有商店。
db.stores.aggregate([
{
$match: {
$expr: {
$eq: [{ $year: { $toDate: "$storeOpeningDate" } }, 2021]
}
}
},
{
$project: {
name: 1,
city: 1,
openingYear: { $year: { $toDate: "$storeOpeningDate" } },
storeOpeningDate: 1
}
}
])
该查询返回在 2021 年打开的存储。
{
"_id": "2cf3f885-9962-4b67-a172-aa9039e9ae2f",
"city": "South Amir",
"storeOpeningDate": "2021-10-03T00:00:00.000Z",
"name": "First Up Consultants | Bed and Bath Center - South Amir",
"openingYear": 2021
}