使用 Azure 服务的托管标识对 Terraform 进行身份验证

使用 Terraform 可以定义、预览和部署云基础结构。 使用 Terraform 时，请使用 HCL 语法来创建配置文件。 利用 HCL 语法，可指定 Azure 这样的云提供程序和构成云基础结构的元素。 创建配置文件后，请创建一个执行计划，利用该计划，可在部署基础结构更改之前先预览这些更改。 验证了更改后，请应用该执行计划以部署基础结构。

Azure 资源的 托管标识用于向 Azure Active Directory 进行身份验证。 如果以非交互式方式运行 Terraform，HashiCorp 建议使用服务主体或托管标识。 有两种类型的托管标识：系统分配的托管标识和用户分配的托管标识。 本文介绍如何使用系统分配的标识。

定义系统分配的托管标识

若要使用系统分配的托管标识，请执行以下步骤：

1. 指定 identity 块并设置为 typeSystemAssigned.

   resource "azurerm_linux_virtual_machine" "example" {
     # ...
   
     identity {
       type = "SystemAssigned"
     }
   }
   

2. 向 Contributor 标识授予角色。

   data "azurerm_subscription" "current" {}
   
   data "azurerm_role_definition" "contributor" {
     name = "Contributor"
   }
   
   resource "azurerm_role_assignment" "example" {
     scope              = data.azurerm_subscription.current.id
     role_definition_name = "Contributor"
     principal_id       = azurerm_linux_virtual_machine.example.identity[0].principal_id
   }
   

3. 使用环境变量进行配置，并指定 Azure 凭据。

   export ARM_USE_MSI=true
   export ARM_SUBSCRIPTION_ID=xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx
   export ARM_TENANT_ID=xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx
   

示例：使用托管标识创建虚拟机

1. 创建用于测试和运行示例 Terraform 代码的目录，并将其设为当前目录。

2. 创建名为 providers.tf 的文件并插入下列代码。

   terraform {
     required_version = ">=0.12"
   
     required_providers {
       azapi = {
         source  = "azure/azapi"
         version = "~>1.5"
       }
       azurerm = {
         source  = "hashicorp/azurerm"
         version = "~>2.0"
       }
       random = {
         source  = "hashicorp/random"
         version = "~>3.0"
       }
     }
   }
   
   provider "azurerm" {
     features {}
   }
   

3. 创建名为 main.tf 的文件并插入下列代码：

   resource "random_pet" "rg_name" {
     prefix = var.resource_group_name_prefix
   }
   
   resource "azurerm_resource_group" "rg" {
     location = var.resource_group_location
     name     = random_pet.rg_name.id
   }
   
   data "azurerm_subscription" "current" {}
   
   resource "azurerm_virtual_network" "example" {
     name                = "myVnet"
     address_space       = ["10.0.0.0/16"]
     location            = azurerm_resource_group.rg.location
     resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
   }
   
   resource "azurerm_subnet" "example" {
     name                 = "mySubnet"
     resource_group_name  = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
     virtual_network_name = azurerm_virtual_network.example.name
     address_prefixes     = ["10.0.2.0/24"]
   }
   
   resource "azurerm_network_interface" "example" {
     name                = "myNic"
     location            = azurerm_resource_group.rg.location
     resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
   
     ip_configuration {
       name                          = "internal"
       subnet_id                     = azurerm_subnet.example.id
       private_ip_address_allocation = "Dynamic"
     }
   }
   
   resource "azurerm_linux_virtual_machine" "example" {
     name                = "myVm"
     resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
     location            = azurerm_resource_group.rg.location
     size                = "Standard_F2"
     network_interface_ids = [
       azurerm_network_interface.example.id,
     ]
   
     computer_name  = "hostname"
     admin_username = var.username
   
     admin_ssh_key {
       username   = var.username
       public_key = azapi_resource_action.ssh_public_key_gen.output.publicKey
     }
   
     identity {
       type = "SystemAssigned"
     }
   
     os_disk {
       caching              = "ReadWrite"
       storage_account_type = "Standard_LRS"
     }
   
     source_image_reference {
       publisher = "Canonical"
       offer     = "0001-com-ubuntu-server-jammy"
       sku       = "22_04-lts"
       version   = "latest"
     }
   }
   
   data "azurerm_role_definition" "contributor" {
     name = "Contributor"
   }
   
   resource "azurerm_role_assignment" "example" {
     scope              = data.azurerm_subscription.current.id
     role_definition_name = "Contributor"
     principal_id       = azurerm_linux_virtual_machine.example.identity[0].principal_id
   }
   

4. 创建名为 ssh.tf 的文件并插入下列代码。

   resource "random_pet" "ssh_key_name" {
     prefix    = "ssh"
     separator = ""
   }
   
   resource "azapi_resource_action" "ssh_public_key_gen" {
     type        = "Microsoft.Compute/sshPublicKeys@2022-11-01"
     resource_id = azapi_resource.ssh_public_key.id
     action      = "generateKeyPair"
     method      = "POST"
   
     response_export_values = ["publicKey", "privateKey"]
   }
   
   resource "azapi_resource" "ssh_public_key" {
     type      = "Microsoft.Compute/sshPublicKeys@2022-11-01"
     name      = random_pet.ssh_key_name.id
     location  = azurerm_resource_group.rg.location
     parent_id = azurerm_resource_group.rg.id
   }
   
   output "key_data" {
     value = azapi_resource_action.ssh_public_key_gen.output.publicKey
   }
       ```
   
   

5. 创建名为 variables.tf 的文件并插入下列代码：

   variable "resource_group_location" {
     type        = string
     description = "Location of the resource group."
     default     = "eastus"
   }
   
   variable "resource_group_name_prefix" {
     type        = string
     description = "Prefix of the resource group name that's combined with a random ID so name is unique in your Azure subscription."
     default     = "rg"
   }
   
   variable "username" {
     type        = string
     description = "The username for the local account that will be created on the new VM."
     default     = "azureadmin"
   }
   

6. 创建名为 outputs.tf 的文件并插入下列代码：

   output "resource_group_name" {
     value = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
   }
   
   output "azurerm_linux_virtual_machine_name" {
     value = azurerm_linux_virtual_machine.example.name
   }
   

后续步骤

第一个 Terraform 项目：创建 Azure 资源组